Estado nutricional de escolares brancos e negros do sul do Brasil

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional de escolares do ensino público de duas cidades do oeste do Paraná em relação aos aspectos socioeconômicos e à cor da pele. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídas 1.443 crianças de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos, divididas em brancas e negras com idades de 6 a 11 anos de idade de ambos os gêneros, e avaliadas pelo peso, estatura e índice de massa corporal, sendo calculado o escore z. Foram aplicados os testes de Qui quadrado, exato de Fisher, análise de variância e Tukey e a análise de regressão linear múltipla, com significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Os escolares negros predominaram nos níveis socioeconômicos baixos. Os meninos negros apresentaram valores menores no peso e na estatura em relação aos brancos. Para os valores de escore z abaixo de -2, as meninas brancas predominaram no peso e na estatura e os meninos negros na estatura. Não foi observada diferença nos valores acima de +2. A análise de regressão linear múltipla indicou interação baixa de nível socioeconômico e idade para predizer o peso, o mesmo ocorrendo para nível socioeconômico, idade e cor da pele para estatura. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar das diferenças socioeconômicas e da cor da pele encontradas, não foram observados desvios importantes no estado nutricional neste grupo de escolares analisadas.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutritional status of pupils from public schools of two cities in the western part of the state of Parana according to socioeconomic status and race. METHODS: 1,443 children (aged 6 - 11 years) of both genders, classified as white or black and with different socioeconomic status were evaluated by weight, height and body mass index, transformed into the z score. A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, and the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, variance analysis and linear regression with significance of 5% were used. RESULTS: In the low socioeconomic status black pupils were predominant. Black boys presented lower values in weight and height in relation to white boys. When values of the z score lower than -2 were considered, white girls predominated in weight and height and black boys in height. No significant difference was found in values above +2. Low interaction of socioeconomic status and age was observed to predict weight, as well as for socioeconomic status, age and color of the skin, for height. CONCLUSION: Despite socioeconomic and racial differences found, there was no important variation of the nutritional status in the group of schoolchildren evaluated

Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat in girls

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of low cardiorespiratory fitness and its association with excess body fat, considering the sexual maturation and economic level in female adolescents.MethodsCross-sectional, epidemiological study of 1223 adolescents (10–17 years) from the public school system of Cascavel, PR, Brazil, in 2006. We analyzed the self-assessed sexual maturation level (prepubertal, pubertal and post-pubertal), the economic level (high and low) through a questionnaire and body fat (normal and high) through triceps and subscapular skinfolds. The 20-meter back-and-forth test was applied to estimate maximum oxygen consumption. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed according to reference criteria and considered low when the minimum health criterion for age and sex was not met. Chi-square test and logistic regression were applied, with a significance level of 5%.ResultsThe prevalence of low cardiorespiratory fitness was 51.3%, being associated with all study variables (p<0.001). At the crude analysis, adolescents with high body fat were associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness, when compared to those with normal body fat (OR=2.76; 95%CI: 2.17–3.52). After adjustment by sexual maturation, this association remained valid and showed an effect that was 1.8-fold higher (95%CI: 1.39–2.46) and after adjusting by economic level, the effect was 1.9-fold higher (95%CI: 1.45–2.61).ConclusionsApproximately half of the assessed girls showed unsatisfactory levels of cardiorespiratory fitness for health, which was associated with high body fat, regardless of sexual maturation level and economic level. Effective public health measures are needed, with particular attention to high-risk groups

Brazilian pediatric reference data for quantitative ultrasound of phalanges according to gender, age, height and weight

To establish normative data for phalangeal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures in Brazilian students. The sample was composed of 6870 students (3688 females and 3182 males), aged 6 to 17 years. The bone status parameter, Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound (AD-SoS) was assessed by QUS of the phalanges using DBM Sonic BP (IGEA, Carpi, Italy) equipment. Skin color was obtained by self-evaluation. The LMS method was used to derive smoothed percentiles reference charts for AD-SoS according to sex, age, height and weight and to generate the L, M, and S parameters. Girls showed higher AD-SoS values than boys in the age groups 7-16 (p<0.001). There were no differences on AD-SoS Z-scores according to skin color. In both sexes, the obese group showed lower values of AD-SoS Z-scores compared with subjects classified as thin or normal weight. Age (r(2) = 0.48) and height (r(2) = 0.35) were independent predictors of AD-SoS in females and males, respectively. AD-SoS values in Brazilian children and adolescents were influenced by sex, age and weight status, but not by skin color. Our normative data could be used for monitoring AD-SoS in children or adolescents aged 6-17 years106CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçãosem informação2006/01978-0; 2011/23460-1; 2002/13021-1; 2012/16778-

Quantidade e qualidade óssea, composição corporal e maturação sexual em crianças e adolescentes

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física

Influence of age, sexual maturation, anthropometric variables and body composition on flexibility

Since flexibility is an important component of health-related physical fitness at all ages, this parameter should be evaluated in children and adolescents because the ability to acquire and maintain levels of flexibility is greater in this age group. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate body weight, height, BMI and flexibility according to chronological age and sexual maturation and to determine the influence of these variables on flexibility in students from public and private schools. A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted. The sample consisted of 2604 girls aged 8 to 17 years. Body weight, height, BMI, sexual maturation, and flexibility were evaluated. The data were analyzed descriptively using the following inferential tests: two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post-hoc test, Pearson’s and Spearman’s simple correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The SPSS® 13.0 program was used for all statistical analyses, with a level of significance of p< 0.05. Significant differences with increasing age and maturation stage were observed for the variables body weight, height and BMI when compared to the subsequent year. In conclusion, body wei-ght and height increased with increasing age, especially between 8 and 13 years, and flexibility remained stable throughout childhood and adolescence

<b>Influence of age, sexual maturation, anthropometric variables and body composition on flexibility</b>

Since flexibility is an important component of health-related physical fitness at all ages, this parameter should be evaluated in chi ldren and adolescent s because the abi l ity to acquire and maintain levels of flexibility is greater in this age group. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate body weight, height, BMI and flexibility according to chronological age and sexual maturat ion and to determine the influence of these var iables on flexibi l ity in student s f rom publ ic and private schools. A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study was conducted. The sample consisted of 2604 girls aged 8 to 17 years. Body weight, height, BMI, sexual maturation, and flexibility were evaluated. The data were analyzed descriptively using the following inferential tests: two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post-hoc test, Pearson’s and Spearman’s simple correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The SPSS® 13.0 program was used for all statistical analyses, with a level of significance of p<0.05. Significant differences with increasing age and maturation stage were observed for the variables body weight, height and BMI when compared to the subsequent year. In conclusion, body wei-ght and height increased with increasing age, especially between 8 and 13 years, and flexibility remained stable throughout childhood and adolescence

A associação entre a adiposidade corporal e a aptidão musculoesquelética em meninos é mediada pelo nível econômico?

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2014v16n1p116   Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de adiposidade corporal elevada e sua associação com a aptidão musculoesquelética, por nível econômico, em crianças e adolescentes do sexo masculino. Estudo epidemiológico transversal realizado em 1.531 escolares (6-17 anos) da rede de ensino pública do município de Cascavel, PR, Brasil. A adiposidade corporal foi estimada pela técnica de dobras cutâneas. Foram coletadas informações referentes à idade, nível econômico e estágio maturacional, bem como ao desempenho nos testes de sentar e alcançar, abdominal em 1 minuto, impulsão horizontal e Shuttle run. As análises (teste t de student não pareado e regressão de Poisson) foram realizadas por nível econômico alto e baixo (baixo+médio), com nível de significância de 5%. A prevalência de adiposidade corporal elevada foi de 30,4%, sendo maior (p<0,05) naqueles de nível econômico alto (33,3% vs 28,3%). Após ajuste para todas as variáveis, no nível econômico baixo, a adiposidade corporal elevada se associou a baixa resistência abdominal (RP=1,44; IC95%=1,05-1,99) e potência de membros inferiores (RP=2,09; IC95%=1,46-1,98). No nível econômico alto, o desfecho foi associado à baixa resistência abdominal (RP=1,72; IC95%=1,17-2,51) e, à média (RP=2,83; IC95%=1,76-4,55) e baixa (RP=3,90; IC95%=2,38-6,38) potência de membros inferiores. Em ambos os estratos sociais, o menor desempenho muscular (resistência abdominal e potência de membros inferiores) conferiu maior probabilidade de ter adiposidade corporal elevada. Porém, a magnitude das valências musculares associadas à adiposidade corporal elevada parece diferir de acordo com o nível econômico

Body Composition Of White And Black Brazilian Schoolchildren.

To evaluate body composition of black and white schoolchildren in Brazil. The study included 1,443 children aged 6-11 years, both genders, black and white skin colors. The measures of weight, height, BMI, brachial perimeter, tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, lean and fat area of the arm were transformed into standard deviation scores (SDS). As to frequency of variables under -2 SDS, only arm perimeter and lean area of the arm in both white and black schoolchildren showed results over 7%, but tricipital and subscapular skinfolds, fat area of the arm, sum of skinfolds and fat percentage, in both skin colors, presented results close to zero. As to frequency of variables over +2 SDS, only fat percentage presented results over 5% in both skin colors. The present study did not find important differences in body composition between black and white schoolchildren in this group of the Brazilian population.22727-3