Theoretical considerations on dietary fiber in ruminant

Todos os textos, informa??es e resultados apresentados s?o de inteira responsabilidade dos autores.A fibra diet?tica, por sua import?ncia e efetividade aos par?metros nutricionais, desempenha singular fun??o no metabolismo dos animais em especial, nos ruminantes. Esta entidade nutricional representa as fra??es do alimento que oferecem lenta degradabilidade pelos microrganismos ruminais podendo, em algumas situa??es, se apresentar como indiger?vel. As limita??es encontradas pelas enzimas digestivas microbianas possuem alta correla??o com o estado fenol?gico da forrageira, pois quanto maior o grau de lignifica??o da parede celular do volumoso menor o aproveitamento nutricional do alimento. Ratifica-se que mesmo havendo limita??es nutritivas sob algumas circunstancias de natureza fisiol?gica, a fra??o fibrosa possui a singular capacidade em promover o status quo do r?men para o desenvolvimento da flora bacteriana aut?ctone. Deste modo, objetivou-se com esta revis?o de literatura elucidar as defini??es dos diferentes tipos de fibras, seus constituintes e suas fra??es estruturais, as fontes para a alimenta??o animal, efetividade, influ?ncia no consumo e a sua potencial degrada??o no r?men.Dietary fiber, because of its importance and effectiveness to nutritional parameters, plays unique role in the metabolism of animals especially in ruminants. This nutritional entity are the food fractions offering slow degradability by rumen microorganisms could, in some situations, presenting itself as one indigestible. The limitations encountered by microbial digestive enzymes are highly correlated with the phenological state of forage, because the higher the degree of lignin of the cell wall bulky lower utilization of food. The nutritional limitations observed in some cases of physiological nature, the natural fiber descrendeciam no ability to promote the status quo of the rumen to the development of the resident bacterial flora. Thus, the purpose of this review was to discuss the definitions of the different types of fibers, their constituents and their structural fractions, sources for animal feed, effectiveness, influence on consumption and its potential degradation in the rumen

Parameters on silage sorghum

Todos os textos, informa??es e resultados apresentados s?o de inteira responsabilidade dos autores.O Brasil, devido ? sua vasta extens?o territorial, associado ao clima predominantemente tropical, destaca-se no contexto mundial como uma das grandes pot?ncias para a produ??o animal. Essa caracter?stica do clima ainda permite a exist?ncia de uma grande diversidade de plantas forrageiras, de elevado potencial de produ??o por ?rea. No entanto, a estacionalidade na produ??o de forragem tem sido apontada como um dos fatores que mais contribui para a baixa produtividade dos rebanhos. O processo de ensilagem serve como alternativa para suprir a demanda alimentar no per?odo de estacionalidade. O sorgo, devido a sua boa qualidade qualitativa e quantitativa segue como uma cultura em potencial para a produ??o de silagem.The Brazil due to its vast size, coupled with the predominantly tropical climate, stands out on the world stage as one of the great powers for animal production. This characteristic climate still allows for a wide variety of forage plants, high potential for production per area. However, seasonality in forage production has been identified as one of the factors that contributes to the low productivity of livestock. The ensiling process is an alternative to meet the food demand in the seasonality period. The sorghum, due to its good qualitative and quantitative quality remains as a potential crop to produce silage

Endothelium Activation during Severe Yellow Fever Triggers an Intense Cytokine-Mediated Inflammatory Response in the Liver Parenchyma

Yellow fever (YF) is a pansystemic disease caused by the yellow fever virus (YFV), the prototype species of the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus, and has a highly complex host-pathogen relationship, in which endothelial dysfunction reflects viral disease tropism. In this study, the in situ endothelial response was evaluated. Liver tissue samples were collected from 21 YFV-positive patients who died due to the disease and five flavivirus-negative controls who died of other causes and whose hepatic parenchyma architecture was preserved. Immunohistochemical analysis of tissues in the hepatic parenchyma of YF cases showed significantly higher expression of E-selectin, P-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and very late antigen-4 in YFV-positive cases than in flavivirus-negative controls. These results indicate that endothelium activation aggravates the inflammatory response by inducing the expression of adhesion molecules that contribute to the rolling, recruitment, migration, and construction of the inflammatory process in the hepatic parenchyma in fatal YF cases

Comparative analysis of human hepatic lesions in Dengue, Yellow Fever, and Chikungunya: revisiting histopathological changes in the light of modern knowledge of cell pathology

National Institute of Science and Technology for Emerging and Re-emerging Viruses—INCT-VER/CNPq—406360/2022-7, and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)/Brazil-308600/2022-3 (JASQ).State University of Pará. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.State University of Pará. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.State University of Pará. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.São Paulo University. School of Medicine. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. Tropical Medicine Center. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Pará. Tropical Medicine Center. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.São Paulo University. School of Medicine. São Paulo, SP, Brazil.State University of Pará. Center for Biological and Health Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal University of Pará. School of Medicine. Altamira, PA, Brazil.Arboviruses, such as yellow fever virus (YFV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), present wide global dissemination and a pathogenic profile developed in infected individuals, from non-specific clinical conditions to severe forms, characterised by the promotion of significant lesions in different organs of the harbourer, culminating in multiple organ dysfunction. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out via the histopathological analysis of 70 samples of liver patients, collected between 2000 and 2017, with confirmed laboratory diagnoses, who died due to infection and complications due to yellow fever (YF), dengue fever (DF), and chikungunya fever (CF), to characterise, quantify, and compare the patterns of histopathological alterations in the liver between the samples. Of the histopathological findings in the human liver samples, there was a significant difference between the control and infection groups, with a predominance of alterations in the midzonal area of the three cases analysed. Hepatic involvement in cases of YF showed a greater intensity of histopathological changes. Among the alterations evaluated, cell swelling, microvesicular steatosis, and apoptosis were classified according to the degree of tissue damage from severe to very severe. Pathological abnormalities associated with YFV, DENV, and CHIKV infections showed a predominance of changes in the midzonal area. We also noted that, among the arboviruses studied, liver involvement in cases of YFV infection was more intense