Diagnosing congenital toxoplasmosis: where are we? A systematic review

Purpose: Compile information on laboratory methods for diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, considering the tests conducted since the gestational stage until the child period. Methods:A systematic review of 01.01.2006 to 31.12.2013 was held by VHL (Virtual Health Library). The search was performed with the descriptors ''toxoplasmosis†and “diagnosis. The selected articles were indexed in MEDLINE. The information pertinent to the study was selected, categorized and analyzed. Of the 186 articles found, 41 met the eligibility criteria. Results: Laboratory tests are based on the presence of antibodies IgM and IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii, in this sense it is important to correctly interpret serology, because the detection of specific antibodies is often delayed by the presence of maternal IgG or late production of specific antibodies in newborns. Molecular techniques (PCR) have emerged as alternative due to its higher sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing instruments, given the ability to detect parasite DNA and non-dependence of the immune response of the patient, such as serological tests.Conclusions: The need for early treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis in order to avoid sequelae justifies the search for more sensitive and specific laboratory tests in early detection of the parasite. Theintegration among the different levels of care in the public health system is essential for obtaining effective control of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women.Â

Plagiarism as another ethical issue in scientific research

The excessive demand for publications results in high plagiarism and duplicate numbers by scientists who take over existing texts into new publications. In addition to serious ethical problems, this practice hinders the generation of original material. In order to reduce the problem, softwares such as eTBLAST are being used to detect plagiarism and repeated papers. Despite the persistence of fraudsters, these tools have helped to reduce these problems; however, the ideal solution would be the basic ethical establishment principles. Therefore, plagiarism has always been a foible that could lead to fraudulent and dishonorable development of science

Ebola: an international public health emergency

The outbreak of Ebola in West Africa could become one of the worst infectious-disease-driven humanitarian crises of recent times. With more than 3000 deaths since the first case was confirmed in March 2014, the international community has recognized Ebola as a public health emergency of international concern and a clear threat to global health security. The complexity of dealing with this Ebola outbreak has highlighted the need for traditional actors, such as WHO and the CDC, to embrace the wider health and humanitarian community. The epidemic reinforces the need for nations to investment in health infrastructure and disease surveillance to keep pace with other developments in Africa. If Ebola arrives in high-income and middleincome nations, it should be contained quickly. The crisis shows the importance of sufficient levels of multilateral funding for WHO. The world needs a strong WHO, with the financing and political influence to fulfil its historic mission

The Importance Of Neuronal Plasticity In The Prognosis Of Cases Of Cerebral Ischemia: A Systematic Review

Background: Neuronal plasticity is the capacity that the neurons have to make new connections and enable new ways of transmitting information. Under this context, new methodologies are being addressed in order to measure how important this neuronal capacity is in the process of full recovery of learning in subjects who suffered damage from cerebral ischemia.Methods: A systematic review was performed on the online databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Scopus, between 1998 and 2014. The MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) descriptors used in this review were: "neuronal plasticity", "brain ischemia" and "learning". We found 164 articles that, when screened, resulted in 46 articles that met the criteria of evidence and were included in this review.Results: There are several ways available in the literature to increase neuronal plasticity to keep the learning process after bad conformations resulting from cerebral ischemia. We highlighted the most elucidated: those promoted by SMe1EC2 antioxidant, which brings therapeutic benefits when neuronal plasticity is impaired; and Atorvastatin, a statin which facilitates recovery of spatial learning. It is further observed that the body has a number of intrinsic devicessuch as the endogenous compensatory mechanisms that contribute to the development of neuronal plasticity when there is brain damage caused by ischemia.Conclusion: The improvement of neuronal plasticity appears in several studies mapped as a new and still little explored possibility of treatment of damages caused by brain processes of oxygen deprivation. Multiple devices, endogenous and exogenous, that promote an increase in neuronal plasticity, are being elucidated in an attempt to promote the full recovery of the learning process, decreased by brain damage from ischemic processes. Thus, it is pointed the necessity of scientific studies that allows to define and maximize the potentials of the neuronal plasticity

Culicidae fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) survey in urban, ecotonal and forested areas, from the Moreno municipality - Pernambuco State, Brazil

Submitted by Ana Beatriz Oliveira ([email protected]) on 2019-04-17T12:47:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Culicidae fauna (Diptera.pdf: 1174592 bytes, checksum: dffe5f81b31b50733ae384310570b764 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Beatriz Oliveira ([email protected]) on 2019-04-17T13:13:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Culicidae fauna (Diptera.pdf: 1174592 bytes, checksum: dffe5f81b31b50733ae384310570b764 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-04-17T13:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Culicidae fauna (Diptera.pdf: 1174592 bytes, checksum: dffe5f81b31b50733ae384310570b764 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Núcleo de Vigilância à Saúde e do Meio Ambiente. Moreno, PE, Brasil.Instituto Tecnológico de Pernambuco. Recife, PE, Brasil.Núcleo de Vigilância à Saúde e do Meio Ambiente. Moreno, PE, Brasil.Núcleo de Vigilância à Saúde e do Meio Ambiente. Moreno, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia em Saúde. Recife, PE, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia em Saúde. Recife, PE, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia em Saúde. Recife, PE, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Pós-Graduação em Biociências e Biotecnologia em Saúde. Recife, PE, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Aggeu Magalhães. Departamento de Entomologia. Recife, PE, Brasil.Introduction: Mosquitoes are vectors of several pathogens in tropical regions. However, information on Culicidae in the northeast region of Brazil is scarce despite many municipalities having environmental conditions favorable for these insects. Methods: We collected mosquitoes monthly for one year from urban, ecotonal, and ecological reserve areas in Moreno, Brazil, by using CDC Miniature light traps, aspiration, ovitraps, and liquid suction. Results: We collected 1,401 insects in the Culicidae family. Fifteen species of seven genera of Culicidae were identified and five specimens were identified only at the genus level. Conclusions: There is a wide diversity of mosquito species in the sampled areas, some of which are important for human health