Psychotherapy approaches for people with disabilities : literature review

Quinze por cento da população mundial apresenta algum tipo de deficiência. Isso pode ser caracterizado por vários tipos de condições, cada uma com sua complexidade específica. Assim sendo, esta revisão da literatura objetiva identificar recentes estudos científicos, no quinquênio 2014-2019, que descrevem cuidados psicoterapêuticos com pessoas com deficiência. Foram consultados: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO (APA), BVS (Bireme/LILACS) e SciELO. Encontrou-se um total de 1.330 artigos. Após dois processos de seleção, 26 pesquisas corresponderam aos critérios de inclusão. A metodologia de pesquisa predominante foi ensaio clínico randomizado, seguido por estudos de caso e estudos descritivos/qualitativos. Pessoas com deficiência intelectual e/ou física, deficiência visual e/ou auditiva e autismo foram as populações mais estudadas. As técnicas comportamentais prevalecem nos estudos incluídos, com menor incidência de técnicas psicodinâmicas. A psicoterapia favorece inclusive o enfrentamento de situações adversas impostas na vida de qualquer ser humano. Pessoas com deficiência também podem apresentar necessidades psicoterápicas, uma vez que, na realidade de suas vidas, incluem complexidades além de sua deficiência. Existem fortes evidências para o uso da psicoterapia como recurso eficaz para a elaboração terapêutica de problemas relacionados à saúde, à educação e à vida social de pessoas com deficiência, independentemente do tipo de intervenção psicoterápica.Fifteen percent of the world’s population has some form of disability. This can be characterized by several types of conditions, each with its specific complexity. Thus, this literature review aims to identify recent scientific studies, in the 2014- 2019 five-year period, which describe psychotherapeutic care for people with disabilities. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsycINFO (APA), BVS (Bireme/LILACS) and SciELO were consulted. It was found a total of 1,330 articles. After two selection processes, 26 research met the inclusion criteria. The predominant research methodology was the randomized clinical trial, followed by case studies and descriptive/qualitative studies. People with intellectual and/or physical disabilities, visual and/or hearing disabilities and autism were the most studied populations. Behavioral techniques prevail in the studies included, with a lower incidence of psychodynamic techniques. Psychotherapy also favors coping with adverse situations imposed on the life of any human being. People with disabilities may also have psychotherapeutic needs, since, in the reality of their lives, they also include complexities in addition to their disability. There is strong evidence for the use of psychotherapy as an effective resource for the therapeutic elaboration of problems related to health, education and social life of people with disabilities, regardless of the type of psychotherapeutic intervention

Tryptophan diet reduces aggressive behavior in male mice

A tryptophan diet reduces aggressive behavior in different species, although some controversial findings have been reported. We studied 65 male mice divided into four groups according to increasing dosages of tryptophan (10, 20, 30, and 100 mg/kg) and a control group (vehicle). The first four groups ingested 10, 20, 30, and 100 mg/kg tryptophan together with cellulose vehicle and water by gavage before the behavioral tests that sought to record aggressive behavior. The control group received only the vehicle at the same time that the other groups received the tryptophan solutions. The results showed that low concentrations (10 and 20 mg/kg) of tryptophan decreased (p < .04) the frequency of attack bites and lateral threats (i.e., aggressive components; p < .02) after an encounter with a male intruder without altering locomotor activity. In conclusion, the low concentrations of tryptophan diminished aggressive behavior against a male intruder

Tryptophan diet reduces aggressive behavior in male mice

A tryptophan diet reduces aggressive behavior in different species, although some controversial findings have been reported. We studied 65 male mice divided into four groups according to increasing dosages of tryptophan (10, 20, 30, and 100 mg/kg) and a control group (vehicle). The first four groups ingested 10, 20, 30, and 100 mg/kg tryptophan together with cellulose vehicle and water by gavage before the behavioral tests that sought to record aggressive behavior. The control group received only the vehicle at the same time that the other groups received the tryptophan solutions. The results showed that low concentrations (10 and 20 mg/kg) of tryptophan decreased (p < .04) the frequency of attack bites and lateral threats (i.e., aggressive components; p < .02) after an encounter with a male intruder without altering locomotor activity. In conclusion, the low concentrations of tryptophan diminished aggressive behavior against a male intruder

Bipolar disorder and 1513A>C P2RX7 polymorphism frequency

Although the etiology of Bipolar Disorder (BD) remains unknown, a strong genetic component to the pathogenesis and risk for this disorder has been widely hypothesized. Several risk genes for BD have been identified; of these, the purinergic P2 × 7 receptor (P2 × 7R) constitutes a pro-inflammatory receptor and a potential risk gene candidate. The purpose of the present study was to assess the frequency of the 1513 A > C P2RX7 polymorphism (rs3751143; Glu496Ala), which leads to receptor loss-of-function, in 154 BD patients versus 184 control subjects. The existence of a differential modulation of P2 × 7R was also analyzed in 22 euthymic BD patients, in comparison to 18 healthy controls. Our data show a decrease in 1513C allele frequency (p = 0.045) and a potential increase in 1513 A A/AC (p = 0.055) genotype frequency in BD patients, compared to controls, indicating an enhanced function of the pro-inflammatory P2 × 7 receptor in BD subjects. Interestingly, no differences in P2RX7 gene and protein expression were found between euthymic BD patients and matched healthy controls. In conclusion, our results suggest that P2 × 7R might play a role in the pathophysiology of BD and add new information regarding this receptor as a potential biomarker for the prediction and diagnosis of the disorder