Housing prices, tenancy and external shocks: the portuguese evidence

When the Special Resettlement Program started in 1993, several studies pointed to the need to build about half a million houses, which was not unrelated to the existence of a huge amount of informal and precarious constructions (e.g., Guerra (1999), Cachado (2013), Alves (2016), Allegra et al. (2017), Fahra ( • In twenty years, the country has produced one and a half million new homes, closing, in technical terms, the housing deficit. • Nevertheless, there are still problems related to the degradation and increase in the construction of the housing stock in urban centers and outskirts of cities, with the mobility needs of households and with the cost of housing. • According to the OECD (2020), since 2010, Portuguese families have been the ones that most allocate the largest proportion of their income to housing costs. • It is in this context that the expression “ so many homeless people without a house and so many homeless housing ” has taken on a recen

The dual housing market in large agglomerations: an analysis to the portuguese context

1. Introduction to surroundings on housing in Portugal 2. Still the effects of the 2008 crisis on real estate business and housing 3. Methodology Approach 4. The Rental Market 5. The Housing Market 6. Complementary Data Analysis 7 . Conclusion

Monetary Poverty, Material and Social Deprivation in the European Union: promoting equitable treatment

Poverty is usually defined as a human condition of deprivation of monetary resources or family income necessary for a dignified life. The at-risk-of-poverty rate is the percentage of the population whose equivalent disposable income is below the poverty line, corresponding to 60% of each national median equivalent disposable income. Nevertheless, the conceptualization must go beyond resource deprivation and be based on a broader conception of well-being. Now, to try to statistically analyse data and subsequently the results at the EU level, we use comparable data between countries. The data comes from Eurostat, promoting equal treatment of all data. From this source, 37 indicators were selected, belonging to two categories: 11 Material and Social Deprivation and 26 Monetary Poverty data. With the analysis of these indicators, it will be possible to compare among the different countries of the EU and even verify differences, assuming that they exist. These indicators may make it possible to discover patterns or relationships between used data, namely the existence of influences by the type of household and the age of the people who inhabit housing or even the difference between countries with regard to poverty thresholds between male and female. It will be stimulating to understand in which countries the fact that there are dependent children or not may have influence and whether this contributes to higher material and social deprivation. This analysis will be performed using R language, which is a programming language focused on data modelling and analysis as well as visualization. The purpose is about whether an equitable distribution of money “maximizes the utility aggregate”, as Frankfurt sustains, that is, the satisfaction of the members of society. The conclusions are to understand whether inequalities in the EU have been tending towards a trajectory in which the standard deviation has a gradually equitable value

An Essay on How Data Science Can Strengthen Business

Data science combines several extensions, including, e.g., statistics, scientific methods, artificial intelligence (AI) and data analysis to extract value from raw data. Analytical applications and data scientists can then verify and defer the results to discover patterns and trends. In this way, they allow business leaders to gain enlightened knowledge about the market. Companies have kept a wealth of data with them. As modern technology allowed for the creation and storage of ever-increasing amounts of information, data volumes popped. The wealth of data collected and stored by these technologies can bring regenerative benefits to organizations and societies around the world, but only if they can interpret it. That's where data science comes in. So, the applied economics refers to the application of economic theory and analysis. In this article we intend to present several software that are available for the application of economic analysis. Analysis can be performed on any type of data and is a way of looking at raw data and find useful information. There are several technologies available for economic analysis, with more or less characteristics, some of which are not only intended for this single purpose, and cover a wider spectrum of functionalities. Some of the technologies we will use are, e.g., Rstudio, SPSS, Statis and SAS/Stata. These are very common technologies when talking about economic or business analysis. The intention is to demonstrate how each of these software analyse the data and subsequently the interpretations that we can draw from that scrutiny. Organizations are using data science teams to turn data into a competitive advantage by refining products and services and cost-effective solutions. We will use some different algorithms to verify how they are processed by the different technologies, namely we will use metrics such as maximum, minimum, covariance, standard deviation, average and multicollinearity and variance, even the use of types of regression models

Southern European housing policies: a legislative regulation perspective

Paper aceite para ser apresentado na ENHR 2018, que decorrerá de 26-29 Junho.Housing policy basically consists of two main areas of action: one is to plan and organize the territory and the other to promote housing, and this approach to housing provision is more focused. Governments are not the only actors in the area of economic policy but play decisive roles in the joint relationship of the efforts of the various organizations and other entities. As in other Southern European countries, Portugal is a legalistic and formalist country. This does not mean that this spirit is not necessary, but it would be more important to care less about laws and more with the analysis of their effects and impacts. The benefits of housing incorporate various quantitative and qualitative aspects, but the purchasers of this good transact the product in order to obtain the best possible return. The factors that determine the price of any capital asset and the income provided by its services are similar. The durability of housing capital implies the existence of an immense stock of supply. The quantity of housing services issued by this stock depends significantly on the owners' own investment decisions. Housing production lacks a set of inputs and its form of occupation provides a set of outputs to households. The price mechanism, as a mechanism of information transmission, is the contraposition between resources used in its relation with the outputs achieved. We intend to analyse within Portugal's housing policy its objectives and instruments and to advocate the economic and social rationality of housing policy as a strand of public policies and, at the same time, focus on housing as a sector of regulation and state intervention which is direct (State promoting) and indirect (Regulating State). The behaviour of simple creative actor and defender of the laws for the protection and development of private property is no longer the main principle characterizing its intervention in the various sectors of activity. The State may change the rules of operation of the economic activity and may even extend or reduce the scope of activity of the private sector in the various sectors. The consolidation of the State with regard to the organization of law and the exercise of power has given great importance to the rules of economic policy and the implementation of public policies. The existence of public policies is justified for several reasons, such as high levels of inefficiency in resource allocation, market structure and imperfect information. Public policies require a set of legal information designed to set the rules for public and private actors, with the aim of transferring or reallocating existing resources among the different strata of the population. With regard to the State, it is characterized by the legislative, executive and judicial powers, and in this study we are interested in its executive function as a promoter of material well-being. The sphere of this promotion results from the exchange between the legislature and the executive branch

The cost of housing construction in Portugal: an input - output proposal

Portugal has a serious problem related to the housing market, or rather, to the financial capacity of most of the population to acquire or rent housing at current prices, especially in large urban centres. This reality of the housing market is, in good part, explained by the reduced supply that exists today. However, before the buying and selling and renting market, there is an ex-ante imperative to construct buildings. For structural reasons, such as the long and costly bureaucratic processes involved in the construction of new housing, taxation, or the lack of manpower, are factors that have been pointed out for the fall in construction, with negative implications for supply. A downstream effect is the maintenance costs of the properties, which tend to divert attention from their necessity over time. Construction costs include the costs of land acquisition, the costs of inputs and construction for housing development. In this way, we seek to analyse how housing construction costs can be forecasted, using endogenous and exogenous variables that influence the final cost of each residential property. For this purpose, we identify a set of variables, e.g., labour costs in the construction industry, the demand for steel and cement, and the land available for construction. The survey data considered were collected from several official statistical sources for Portugal. For this purpose, we use the dynamic Leontief model, also considering the similar Wagner model, based on the mathematical model proposed by Williams, in his book “Model Building in Mathematical Programming”. The objective to be maximized is the construction of new housing, to increase the housing supply to produce effects on the decrease of market prices and rents, making housing more affordabl

Characterization of the olive sector in the Iberian countries: the approach of a new reality

The agrifood sector is a sector that, in the context of the global economy, has been registering an intrinsic potential to build, rather than deplete, natural capital. It supports daily and long-term well-being, contributing to economic and social development and, therefore, natural systems. The olive oil subsector has assumed a gradual economic importance in recent years due to the growth in production. However, this phenomenon has not changed Portuguese consumption habits too much, unlike Spain, as we will see. The olive oil line is a strategic route in both countries' agricultural policy and economy. In Portugal and Spain this sector has registered a high level of investment and production, despite the expectation of a certain price stability. The Circular Economy is a recent concept, but it has long been present in the agrifood sector. The creation of “return circuits” in agriculture is inspired by the mechanisms of natural ecosystems and is an integral part of these same cycles. From the statistical analysis used, we conclude that there are several ways that the olive sector contributes to the circularity of the economy

Housing and Setting Constraints: The Portuguese Evidence

In the last few decades, Portugal has witnessed an extraordinary quantitative and qualitative transformation in housing provision. The pace of housing construction was so extensive that the contemporary real estate market is currently characterized by an excessive supply, vis-à-vis the resident population. In this study, we discuss the impact of the financial process on the housing sector in comparison with tenancy. We consider transaction prices of the housing assignments, either through acquisition or through tenancy. The recent shock resulting from the pandemic situation did not slow down house prices but caused a slight drop in rents. The model used proposes to analyze the fluctuations in prices and rents in the face of external shocks. In the residential market, the estimation is complex due to the many heterogeneous attributes of residential assets. Non-fluctuating variables, such as size, location, and external demand for homes, explain a large part of the variation in price levels included in the model.This research was funded by Cooperativa de Ensino Universitário, C.R.L., Rua de Santa Marta, nº 56, 1150-297, Lisboa, Portugal.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

O impacto do uso da tala nocturna na qualidade de vida do indivíduo com Síndrome do Túnel Carpiano

A Síndrome do Túnel Carpiano é uma neuropatia compressiva do nervo mediano que desencadeia défices motores e sensoriais que interferem com o desempenho dos papéis ocupacionais e, concomitantemente, com a Qualidade de Vida. Este trabalho tem como objectivo principal definir quais os benefícios do uso da tala nocturna e o impacto manifesto na Qualidade de Vida do indivíduo com esta patologia. Os resultados revelaram uma melhoria na percepção do estado de Saúde Geral, bem como uma diminuição do nível da dor no grupo ao qual se aplicou a tala, sugerindo que esta intervenção promove uma melhoria da Qualidade de Vida.The Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is a compression neuropathy of the median nerve that triggers sensory and motor deficits that interfere with the performance of occupational roles and concomitantly with the Quality of Life. This work aims is to define the main benefits of using the night splint and the impact on the Quality of Life of individuals with this pathology. The results show an improvement in the perception of general health as well as a decrease in the level of pain in the group, to which the splint was applied, suggesting that this intervention promotes an improvement of Quality of Life

Degradação e proteção superficial da madeira em exterior

Neste artigo são descritas as técnicas antigas que permitiram conservar e preservar madeiras durante séculos e dá-se um panorama global sobre os novos conceitos de proteção e acabamento de madeiras. Mostram-se, com exemplos práticos, o comportamento a longo prazo de diferentes tipos de acabamentos, destacando as grandes diferenças do conceito entre vernizes com formação de película rígida, em comparação com os resultados de óleos secativos com pigmentos naturais. Dá-se, no final, uma perspetiva dos desenvolvimentos altamente promissores para o futuro próximo, como são as proteções com pigmentos baseados na nano tecnologia e nos produtos à base de silanos e siloxanos, impregnados nas camadas superficiais, que potenciam uma propriedade altamente benéfica que é a repelência à água