Cecropieae morphological matrix

Matrix used for tree analysis of Cecropieae based on characters outlined in Cecropieae morphology

CecropieaeMorphology

Description of morphological characters used in phylogenetic reconstruction of Cecropieae tribe (Urticaceae

Geographic distribution of wild (104 accessions) and cultivated (297 accessions) common bean accessions (A), and precipitation during the driest period along the geographic range of wild common bean (B).

<p>A dispersion diagram between the estimated drought index using the potential evapo-transpiration (PET) of Thornthwaite and the estimated drought index using the PET of Hamon is presented in B. Populations definition as in Blair <i>et al. </i><a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062898#pone.0062898-Blair2" target="_blank">[26]</a> and Broughton et al. <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062898#pone.0062898-Broughton1" target="_blank">[27]</a>.</p

Contribution (%) of each bioclimatic variable to the PCA analysis.

+<p>Three categories (F1–F3) are used to analyze the 19 bioclimatic variables. Three main components and the percentage of explained variance are indicated for each category.</p>*<p>Variables used in the third analysis (selected because of being strictly drought-related variables).</p><p>- Bold numbers: Variables with significant contribution in the definition of the respective component and pertinent for drought stress estimation.</p><p>- Bold and italic numbers: Variables with significant contribution in the definition of the respective component but not conceptually pertinent for drought stress estimation.</p

Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r – above the diagonal) and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (ρ – below the diagonal) among some representative climatic variables, components and drought severity estimators.

<p>Bold: significant values: <0.05 for r or <−0.5 and >0.5 for ρ.</p><p>DI_T: Normalized Annual Thornthwaite Drought Index.</p><p>DI_H: Normalized Annual Hamon Drought Index.</p><p>DI _{max N}: Normalized Maximum Month Drought Index (Thornthwaite (T) or Hamon (H)).</p><p>F#i: Two main components using all bioclimatic variables (i = T), only precipitation variables (i = P), or only drought-related variables (i = S) (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0062898#pone-0062898-t001" target="_blank">table 1</a>).</p><p>Original Control Bioclimatic Variables: P12: Annual Precipitation, P14: Precipitation of Driest Period, P1: Annual Mean Temperature, P9: Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter.</p

Scatter plots for: A.mean annual precipitation (P12) and precipitation of the driest period (P14), B. mean annual precipitation (P12) and precipitation of the wettest period (P13), C. mean and maximum Thornthwaite Drought Index (DI), D. mean and maximum Hamon DI, E. two main components of the PCA for all bioclimatic variables (P1–P19– table 1), F. two main components of the PCA for precipitation related bioclimatic variables (P12–P19– table 1), and G. two main components of the PCA for drought-related bioclimatic variables (table 1).

<p>Arrows indicate the increase in the estimated drought stress for each component. Wild populations: M: Mesoamerican, G: Guatemala, C: Colombia, E: Ecuador-North Peru and A: Andean. Numbers in E, F and G are percentage of explained variation by each component.</p

Temporal variation of precipitation (bars), maximum temperature (red squares) and minimum temperature (blue squares) in different representative regions: A. Mexico (−102° latitude, 20° longitude), B. Guatemala (−90°, 14°), C. Colombia (−74°, 4°), D. Ecuador-North Peru (−80°, −4°) and E. Argentina (−65°, −24°).

<p>Temporal variation of precipitation (bars), maximum temperature (red squares) and minimum temperature (blue squares) in different representative regions: A. Mexico (−102° latitude, 20° longitude), B. Guatemala (−90°, 14°), C. Colombia (−74°, 4°), D. Ecuador-North Peru (−80°, −4°) and E. Argentina (−65°, −24°).</p

BEAST_pollen_fossil_max_cred

Maximum clade credibility tree from the BEAST analysis in which the MrBayes tree topology was constrained to remain constant and the divergence times were calibrated with fossil pollen

BEAST_leaf_fossils_max_cred

Maximum clade credibility tree from the BEAST analysis in which the MrBayes tree topology was constrained to remain constant and the divergence times were calibrated with leaf fossils

MrBayes_max_cred_tree

Maximum credibility clade tree from MrBayes analysis. This tree topology was fixed to remain constant in all subsequent BEAST dating analyses. It contains 138 species