Turbulent flow field predictions in sharply curved turn-around ducts

Two-dimensional turbulent flow of incompressible Newtonian fluids in sharply curved 180 deg turn around ducts is studied. Results of an approximate numerical flow field analysis utilizing an orthogonal, body-fitted, curvilinear coordinate system are compared to results based on a traditional cylindrical reference frame. Qualitative induction of general streamfield characteristics as well as quantitative benchmarks for the planning of future experimentation are provided. In addition, preliminary results of an augmented kappa - epsilon turbulence model analysis, which explicitly accounts for the effects of streamline curvature and pressure strain in internal turbulent flows, are presented. Specific model difficulties are discussed and comparisons with standard kappa - epsilon model predictions are included

Cholesterol and Malondialdehyde Contents of Broiler-Chicken Meat Supplemented with Indigofera Zolingeriana Top Leaf Meal

This research aimed to increase functional value of broiler-chicken meat containing high antioxidant and low cholesterol through substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with Indigofera zollingeriana top leaf meal (ILM). The experiment used 160 day old broiler chicken (Cobb strain). The experimental chicken were provided dietary treatments when they were 15-days old (initial body weight of 460.5±1.56 g/bird) and terminated on day 35. A completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications and ten birds in each replication was used in this experiment. Dietary treatments were: R1= diet containing 20% soybean meal (SBM) without I. zollingeriana top leaf meal (ILM); R2= diet containing 16% SBM and 5.9% ILM; R3= diet containing 12% SBM and 11.8% ILM; R4= diet containing 8% SBM and 17.74% ILM. Variables measured were performances (feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion) and the quality of broiler meat (cholesterol, fat content, and malondialdehyde [MDA] concentration). The results showed that supplementation of 17.74% ILM (R4) as the substitution of 60% soybean meal protein produced the same performances of broilers as those of control diet (R1). Supplementation of 11.8% ILM as the substitution of 40% soybean meal protein (R3) decreased meat cholesterol by 34.70%, meat fat content by 52.93%, and MDA concentration by 62.52%. The conclusion of this study was that supplementation of 17.74% ILM produced the same performances as that of control diet, increased antioxidant content of the meat, indicated by a lower MDA concentration, and decreased cholesterol, as well as fat content of broiler-chicken meat

Implementasi Kebijakan Pemberian Air Susu Ibu Eksklusif melalui Konseling oleh Bidan Konselor

Pada tahun 2011, di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Kabupaten Bantul mempunyai jumlah tenaga bidan konselor ASI terbanyak, tetapi cakupan ASI eksklusif masih menempati urutan terendah ketiga. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pemberian ASI eksklusif melalui konseling oleh bidan konselor ASI berdasarkan faktor disposisi dan struktur birokrasi di puskesmas wilayah Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini mengambil informan penelitian secara purposive dengan informan utama adalah empat orang bidan konselor ASI. Informan triangulasi adalah empat bidan koordinator, Kasie Gizi Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul, empat kepala puskesmas, dan 12 orang ibu yang melakukan pemeriksaan kehamilan, nifas dan imunisasi bayi ke puskesmas terpilih. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menemukan implementasi kebijakan pemberian ASI melalui konseling ASI di puskesmas belum berjalan optimal, disposisi/sikap bidan konselor ASI adalah menyetujui tugas memberikan konseling ASI. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul disarankan menyusun SOP pelaksanaan konseling ASI dan puskesmas disarankan melaporkan kinerja bidan konselor ASI ke dinas kesehatan.Bantul is a district that has the highest number of midwives counselor of breastfeeding in Yogyakarta Province with 40 persons but the exclusive breastfeeding coverage of this district was the third lowest in 2011. The study aimed to analyze the policy implementation of exclusive breastfeeding counseling by midwives counselor of breastfeeding based on disposition and bureaucratic structure factors at Public Health Centers in Bantul district. Design of this study was descriptive qualitative using a purposive sampling. The main informants were four midwives counselor of breastfeeding in health centers and triangulation informants namely four head of health centers, four coordinator of midwives, a head of nutrition section and 12 mothers i.e. pregnant women, postpartum mothers and mothers of infants that are immunized at health center. Data were collected from in-depth interview. Processing and analysis of data by using content analysis. The result of this study shows that breastfeeding policy implementation through breastfeeding counseling in health centers is not optimal, the midwives counselor of breastfeeding agreed to do breastfeeding counseling. It is suggested to Bantul Regency Health to formulate standard operating procedures of midwife counselor of breastfeeding and for the health centers to reports the performance of midwives counselor of breastfeeding to regency health

Keterlibatan Masyarakat Lokal dalam Pengembangan Potensi Wisata di Kabupaten Semarang

The majority of tourism in Semarang district, gives us diversity in culture, nature, historical treasures which deserve to be considered as a regional tourist destination in Central Java. The potential for historical, cultural and natural tourism in Semarang district, when developed optimally can be aligned with tourism destination of Yogyakarta and SurakartaResearch results indicate that the potential for tourism in Semarang District is various which consists of nature tourism, historical tourism, cultural tourism, artificial, agro tourism and travel industry. Improving the quality and quantity of infrastructure are continued, albeit not optimal. The involvement of local communities in addition to participating in the consevation and development of tourist attraction, also gives influence on social change, economic growth, the level of household economy life and welfare of local communities

The n-acetyl phenylalanine glucosamine derivative attenuates the inflammatory/catabolic environment in a chondrocyte-synoviocyte co-culture system

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent degenerative joint disease, still lacks a true disease-modifying therapy. The involvement of the NF-κB pathway and its upstream activating kinases in OA pathogenesis has been recognized for many years. The ability of the N-acetyl phenylalanine glucosamine derivative (NAPA) to increase anabolism and reduce catabolism via inhibition of IKKα kinase has been previously observed in vitro and in vivo. The present study aims to confirm the chondroprotective effects of NAPA in an in vitro model of joint OA established with primary cells, respecting both the crosstalk between chondrocytes and synoviocytes and their phenotypes. This model satisfactorily reproduces some features of the previously investigated DMM model, such as the prominent induction of ADAMTS-5 upon inflammatory stimulation. Both gene and protein expression analysis indicated the ability of NAPA to counteract key cartilage catabolic enzymes (ADAMTS-5) and effectors (MCP-1). Molecular analysis showed the ability of NAPA to reduce IKKα nuclear translocation and H3Ser10 phosphorylation, thus inhibiting IKKα transactivation of NF-κB signalling, a pivotal step in the NF-κB-dependent gene expression of some of its targets. In conclusion, our data confirm that NAPA could truly act as a disease-modifying drug in OA

The Influence of N14(e-,nu)C14(alpha,gamma)O18 reaction on the He-Ignition in Degenerate Physical Conditions

The importance of NCO chain on the onset of the He-flash in degenerate physical conditions has been reevaluated. We find that low-mass, metal-rich (Z $\ge$ 0.001) structures climbing the Red Giant Branch do never attain the physical conditions suitable for the onset of this chain, while at lower metallicities the energy contribution provided by NCO reaction is too low to affect the onset of the central He-flash. At the same time, our evolutionary models suggest that for a Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarf of mass M_{WD}=0.6 M_sun accreting He-rich matter, directly or as a by-product of an overlying H-burning shell, at rates suitable for a dynamical He-flash, the NCO energy contribution is not able to keep hot enough the He-shell and in turn to avoid the occurrence of a strong electron degeneracy and the ensuing final explosion.Comment: 15 pages, 3 tables, 10 figure, to appear in Ap

Penetapan Kadar Metanol Hasil Destilasi Penguap Vakum Putar Ekstrak Metanol Daun Ubi Ungu Menggunakan Raman Spektrofotometer

   Solvent extracted results are often not utilized for re-extraction. Methanol is a universal solvent which is often used as an extract of simplicia. The result of a rotary vacuum evaporator distillation is not known purity and level. Raman spectrosphotometer is a non destructive method of analysis that can be applied to determine the levels and purity of distilled methanol. The objective of this research is to know the change of vacuum pressure to the level and purity of methanol, so that methanol from rotary vacuum distillation can be reused for re-extraction. Purple sweet potato leaves are macerated using 95% methanol : 3% citric acid. The extract was evaporated using a rotary vacuum evaporator at 100 mbar, 150 mbar, and 200 mbar vacuum pressure with a range of 5 to 180 min. Purity and methanol levels were determined using a Raman Handheld 1064 nm spectrophotometer. Validation of methanol assay method with Raman spectrophotometer was obtained: precision: KV 0.19% -1.70%, accuracy: 94.4-103.8%, limit of detection: 1.77% (v/v), limit of quantification: 5.89% (v/v), the range of linearity of 1.77% -99.9% (v/v), with a calibration curve equation: y = 216,88x + 1437.1 and the value of R2 = 0.9997. Methanol content of distillation product with pressure variation 100 - 200 mbar in the span of 5 to 180 minutes obtained methanol level 59.8-81.2% (v/v). All distilled methanol yields a spectrum similarity of 86-99% when compared with absolute methanol

Formas arcaicas y recientes de Ursus spelaeus en Lombardía y la región de Venecia (Norte de Italia)

[Abstract] Some Ursus spelaeus Rosenmüller-Heinroth, 1784 cranial and mandibular remains coming from Northern Italy (Lombardy Region -Buco dell’Orso Cave, Laglio, Como-) and from Venetia Region (Cerè, S. Donà di Lamon and Velo), are biometrically analysed. The compared fossils could be inserted in two typological forms: archaic and modern. To the first belongs a part of Venetia Region remains and to the second, the Buco dell’Orso Cave fossils and some of the Venetia Region caves too. The probable thesis of derivation of U. Spelaeus by U. Arctos is mentioned, although the phylogenetic hypothesis U. etruscus→U. deningeri→U. spelaeus, is still effective