The Relationship between Environmental Efficiency and Manufacturing Firm's Growth

This paper investigates the empirical link between emission intensity and economic growth, using a very large data set of 61,219 Italian manufacturing firms over the period 2000-2004. As a measure of lagged environmental performance (efficiency) at firm level we exploit NAMEA sector for CO2, NOx, SOx data over 1990-1999. The paper tests the extent to which (past) environmental efficiency/intensity, which is driven by structural features and firm strategic actions, including responses to policies, influences firms growth. Our results show, first, a typical trade off generally appearing for the three core environmental emissions we analyse: lower environmentally efficiency in the recent past allows higher degrees of freedom to firms and relax the constraints for growth, at least in this short/medium term scenario. Nevertheless, the size of the estimated coefficients is not large. Trade offs are significant for two emission indicators out of two, but quite negligible in terms of impacts, besides the case of CO2. For example, growth is reduced by far less than 0.1% in association to a 1% increase of environmental efficiency. In addition, non-linearity seems to characterise the economic growth-environmental performance relationship. Signals of inverted U shape appear: this may be a signal that both firm strategies and recent policy efforts are affecting the dynamic relationship between environmental efficiency and economic productivity, turning it from an usual trade off to a possible joint complementary/co-dynamics

EuReCa ONE—27 Nations, ONE Europe, ONE Registry A prospective one month analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in 27 countries in Europe

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the EuReCa ONE study was to determine the incidence, process, and outcome for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) throughout Europe.MethodsThis was an international, prospective, multi-centre one-month study. Patients who suffered an OHCA during October 2014 who were attended and/or treated by an Emergency Medical Service (EMS) were eligible for inclusion in the study. Data were extracted from national, regional or local registries.ResultsData on 10,682 confirmed OHCAs from 248 regions in 27 countries, covering an estimated population of 174 million. In 7146 (66%) cases, CPR was started by a bystander or by the EMS. The incidence of CPR attempts ranged from 19.0 to 104.0 per 100,000 population per year. 1735 had ROSC on arrival at hospital (25.2%), Overall, 662/6414 (10.3%) in all cases with CPR attempted survived for at least 30 days or to hospital discharge.ConclusionThe results of EuReCa ONE highlight that OHCA is still a major public health problem accounting for a substantial number of deaths in Europe.EuReCa ONE very clearly demonstrates marked differences in the processes for data collection and reported outcomes following OHCA all over Europe. Using these data and analyses, different countries, regions, systems, and concepts can benchmark themselves and may learn from each other to further improve survival following one of our major health care events

Glycoconjugues modeles derivant du glycanne de l'ovotransferrine : synthese et etude structurale par diffraction des rayons X aux petits angles

SIGLECNRS T 58180 / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Media Selection in Ion Exchange Chromatography in a Single Microplate

High-throughput process development is more and more used in chromatography. Limitations are the tools provided by the manufacturers. Here, we describe a method to select ion exchange chromatographic media using a 96-well filter microplate

Mixed Mode Chromatography: A Novel Way Toward New Selectivity

Mixed mode chromatography offers a diversity of ligands, each providing a new selectivity. This allows the design of novel purification processes with reduced column steps. Structure of ligands is based on both hydrophobic and ionic groups. Thanks to its salt tolerance, crude extracts or post-IEX samples can be loaded directly without conditioning. The selectivity could be enhanced by modulating elution parameters or by using additives. More importantly, mixed mode chromatography could be as effective as affinity chromatography for mAb purification processes. Mixed mode chromatography opens the way to short and economical processes

La chromatographie en mode mixte pour la purification de protéines recombinantes à visée santé (caractérisation des interactions impliquées dans les supports de chromatographie HyperCel®, modélisation et applications.)

La chromatographie mode mixte représente l une des plus grandes évolutions de ces dernières années dans le domaine des bioséparations. Cette technique repose sur l'intervention de plusieurs types d'interactions au sein d'un seul et même support. Les résines de chromatographie mode mixte HEA, PPA et MEP HyperCel portent des groupements aliphatiques, aromatiques, thiophiliques ainsi que des groupements aminés protonables en différentes positions. Au moyen d expériences de chromatographie, à l aide de protéines standards aux propriétés spécifiques et de mélanges complexes, nous avons isolé ces différentes interactions. Nous avons mis en évidence l intervention majeure d'au moins deux types d'interactions au sein de ces supports : interactions hydrophobes et électrostatiques. Nous avons pu observer le comportement des résines lors de variations de pH, de force ionique, de types de sels et de tampons ou lors de la présence d'autres composés organiques. Nous avons mis en évidence l'intervention combinée de ces types d'interactions lors des différentes phases de chromatographie. Le comportement des résines mode mixte a révélé des sélectivités particulières et dont le contrôle ciblé à l'aide de l'environnement a permis le développement de méthodes de purification efficaces et originales. Nous avons pu ainsi développer des applications telles que la purification de fragment d anticorps (Fab 2) à partir de culture de cellules d insectes, la capture de protéine de type MBP à partir d extrait bactériens et la capture d anticorps monoclonaux à partir de cellules de mammifères (CHO), et ainsi améliorer les conditions d utilisation de la chromatographie en mode mixte.Mixed mode chromatography is the most innovative technique for bioseparation. Mixed mode resins, as the term suggest, involves multiples types of interaction at the same time. HyperCel mixed mode resins, HEA, PPA and MEP, involve aliphatic, aromatic or thiophilic groups as well as protonable amine located in the spacer arm or as a head group. Using classical chromatographic experiments, standards proteins and complex mixtures, we highlighted the two major types of interactions involved: hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. We specifically influenced these interactions by modifying the environment in terms of ionic strength, pH, salt types, and other compounds. The combination of these interactions during every phase of a chromatographic process has been demonstrated. Mixed mode resins thus offer unique selectivity that can be controlled by the environment. This allowed us to develop several applications from antibodies fragments capture from insect cells, to the purification of MBP-tagged proteins, through monoclonal antibody capture from CHO cells. We thus enhanced mixed mode chromatography.BORDEAUX2-Bib. électronique (335229905) / SudocSudocFranceF

Comparative study of strong cation exchangers: Structure-related chromatographic performances

Chromatographic performances are highly influenced by operational parameters. New ion exchangers have tailored matrices providing low backpressure, thereby allowing high flow velocity. By systematic frontal analysis and selectivity determination at different flow rates, we independently evaluated cation exchangers to facilitate media selection and investigated the relationship between surface modification and chromatographic performances. Structure-extended resins showed higher binding capacities compared to resins with conventional ligands directly attached to the matrix. Moreover, they maintained high capacities even with high flow velocities. Ligand accessibility was therefore largely enhanced, allowing proteins to interact and bind under harsh conditions with minimal residence/contact time. High throughput resins can be used for purification of high volume and high concentration feedstock in limited time. This results in higher productivity, and could contribute to cost reduction. In this work, we evaluated the dynamic binding capacities of various new ion exchange resins at different binding conductivities for different residence times, and observed that

Electrodeposition of Polymer Nanodots with Controlled Density and Their Reversible Functionalization by Polyhistidine-Tag Proteins

We present a simple and rapid procedure for producing polymer-coated substrates that can be easily functionalized by ion-chelating proteins. The procedure consists of depositing 18 nm metal-chelating cyclam-modified polymer nanoparticles (cyclam-nps) onto a conductive substrate (an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrode) from an aqueous dispersion of Cu2+-loaded cyclam-nps while being subjected to a direct current (DC) field. The density of deposited nps as measured by AFM is shown to be in direct correlation to the concentration of nps in the dispersion with deposition of the particles taking less than 5 s. Because of the functionalization of the nps with cyclam groups, they can be used as anchoring sites for 6-Histidine (6-His) tagged proteins through complexation with divalent metal ions. In this work 6-His Green Fluorescent Protein (6-His GFP) is used as a model protein. The characterization by fluorescence microscopy clearly shows that the protein affinity was ion dependent and that the 6-His GFP density can be controlled by np density, which is itself easily tunable. AFM observations confirmed the immobilization of 6-His GFP onto cyclam-nps and its subsequent removal by treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)