The distance between teachers’ and students’ work in EHEE: A dangerous gap?

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las relaciones entre las actividades docentes y discentes que se desarrollaron en un Proyecto de Experimentación del Crédito Europeo. Se presenta la frecuencia de ocurrencia de las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje de profesorado y alumnado, pero el eje central reside en el análisis, utilizando correlaciones, de las relaciones entre ambas. Los resultados indican que existen ciertas incoherencias entre la práctica docente analizada y las propuestas pedagógicas del EEES: la actividad más utilizada es la Exposición oral del profesor; los procedimientos de evaluación más utilizados no parecen promover el aprendizaje autónomo del alumnado, y los materiales que tiende a utilizar el alumnado son ofrecidos por el profesorado más que buscados por aquél. Por otra parte, se observa una relación estrecha entre: actividades docentes y procedimientos de evaluación de carácter individual, y entre aquellas de naturaleza grupal; actividades docentes de naturaleza abierta y materiales ofrecidos por el profesor; y procedimientos de evaluación de tipo individual y actividades discentes (actividades de estudio y uso de materiales) de carácter individual. Las orientaciones y propuestas del EEES insisten en destinar una parte considerable de los esfuerzos docentes y discentes al trabajo en grupo como actividad de aprendizaje y en los trabajos grupales como procedimiento de evaluación, pero los resultados muestran indicios de que es necesario profundizar en el estudio de esta actividad.The aim of this article is to analyzing the relationships between teachers’ and students’ teaching and learning activities. Data were drawn from the evaluation of an ECTS Experimental Project in the degree of Education (year three) in the Faculty of Education of La Laguna University. We begin presenting the frequencies of teachers’ and students’ teaching and learning activities, but the central focus is the analysis, by means of correlations, of the relationships between them. The results shows inconsistencies between the educational practice analyzed and the EHEA pedagogical proposals: the activity more frequently employed by lecturers was oral exposition; moreover, the evaluation procedures more used seems not to promote student autonomous learning, and students tend to use teacher offered learning materials more than autonomously searched ones. It seems to be a close relationship between the following activities: teaching activities and evaluation procedures according to its individual or group nature (individual activities are related to individual evaluation procedures and group activities to group evaluation procedures); more open ended teaching and learning activities and leaning materials offered by the teacher; and individual evaluation procedures and individual student activities and learning materials. The pedagogical proposals of the EHEA emphasize the relevance of group work as a teaching and learning strategy, as well as an important evaluation procedure. Our results point to the need to go more deeply into this issue.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Didáctica y Organización Escolar. Grupo FORCE (HUM-386

An Analysis of Students Learning Experiences in an European Credit Experimental Project in the Degree of Education

El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar las experiencias de aprendizaje del alumnado - estudiantes de 3º de Pedagogía- que participó durante el curso 2005/06 en un proyecto de experimentación del crédito europeo en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de La Laguna. Para tal fin se diseñaron dos cuestionarios sobre las experiencias de aprendizaje del alumnado durante el curso anterior (2º) y en el Proyecto (3º). Los encuestados manifestaron dedicar menos tiempo a la asistencia a actividades presenciales y más a trabajo en grupo en el Proyecto. Además, un mayor porcentaje de alumnado señaló estudiar de modo continuado a lo largo del curso. Según el alumnado, en el Proyecto se utilizaron con mayor frecuencia las actividades de investigación y búsqueda de información que el curso anterior; la exposición oral del profesor siguió siendo la predominante. La reflexión sobre la experimentación sugiere que el éxito en la implantación del sistema europeo de créditos (European Credit Transfer System o ECTS) está asociado a cambios en la cultura del alumnado y del profesorado, pero también en la cultura organizativa de las Facultades que deberán prestar mayor atención a la configuración, desarrollo y evaluación de cada título.The aim of this paper is to compare the learning experiences of a group of students before and after their participation in an experimental Project aimed to implement the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) in the Faculty of Education of La Laguna University. In order to achieve that purpose we designed two questionnaires filled by the same group of students about their learning experiences in the second year of the Bachelor Degree in Education and in the Pilot Project (third year). The results revealed that students in the Project spent fewer hours attending classes but more hours working with colleagues. Moreover, a greater percentage of students said they studied through the semester not just for exams. The activities of research and information search were more used in the Project; lecturing remained dominant. The reflection about the experimentation suggests that the success in the implementation of the ECTS is associated with changes in students’ culture as well as teachers’ culture. But changes are also needed in the organizational culture of university schools and colleges which should pay closer attention to the process of shaping, developing and evaluating each degree.Grupo de Investigación FORCE (Formación Centrada en la Escuela) Universidad de Granad

Switching between local and global aromaticity in a conjugated macrocycle for high-performance organic sodium-ion battery anodes

Aromatic organic compounds can be used as electrode materials in rechargeable batteries and are expected to advance the development of both anode and cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, most aromatic organic compounds assessed as anode materials in SIBs to date exhibit significant degradation issues under fast-charge/discharge conditions and unsatisfying long-term cycling performance. Now, a molecular design concept is presented for improving the stability of organic compounds for battery electrodes. The molecular design of the investigated compound, [2.2.2.2]paracyclophane-1,9,17,25-tetraene (PCT), can stabilize the neutral state by local aromaticity and the doubly reduced state by global aromaticity, resulting in an anode material with extraordinarily stable cycling performance and outstanding performance under fast-charge/discharge conditions, demonstrating an exciting new path for the development of electrode materials for SIBs and other types of batteries

Low exposure long-baseline neutrino oscillation sensitivity of the DUNE experiment

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will produce world-leading neutrino oscillation measurements over the lifetime of the experiment. In this work, we explore DUNE's sensitivity to observe charge-parity violation (CPV) in the neutrino sector, and to resolve the mass ordering, for exposures of up to 100 kiloton-megawatt-years (kt-MW-yr). The analysis includes detailed uncertainties on the flux prediction, the neutrino interaction model, and detector effects. We demonstrate that DUNE will be able to unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering at a 3$\sigma$ (5$\sigma$) level, with a 66 (100) kt-MW-yr far detector exposure, and has the ability to make strong statements at significantly shorter exposures depending on the true value of other oscillation parameters. We also show that DUNE has the potential to make a robust measurement of CPV at a 3$\sigma$ level with a 100 kt-MW-yr exposure for the maximally CP-violating values \delta_{\rm CP}} = \pm\pi/2. Additionally, the dependence of DUNE's sensitivity on the exposure taken in neutrino-enhanced and antineutrino-enhanced running is discussed. An equal fraction of exposure taken in each beam mode is found to be close to optimal when considered over the entire space of interest

Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: DUNE Physics Summary

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with a primary physics goal of observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillation patterns to precisely measure the parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation in a single experiment, and to test the three-flavor paradigm. DUNE's design has been developed by a large, international collaboration of scientists and engineers to have unique capability to measure neutrino oscillation as a function of energy in a broadband beam, to resolve degeneracy among oscillation parameters, and to control systematic uncertainty using the exquisite imaging capability of massive LArTPC far detector modules and an argon-based near detector. DUNE's neutrino oscillation measurements will unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering and provide the sensitivity to discover CP violation in neutrinos for a wide range of possible values of δCP. DUNE is also uniquely sensitive to electron neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, and to a broad range of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), including nucleon decays. DUNE is anticipated to begin collecting physics data with Phase I, an initial experiment configuration consisting of two far detector modules and a minimal suite of near detector components, with a 1.2 MW proton beam. To realize its extensive, world-leading physics potential requires the full scope of DUNE be completed in Phase II. The three Phase II upgrades are all necessary to achieve DUNE's physics goals: (1) addition of far detector modules three and four for a total FD fiducial mass of at least 40 kt, (2) upgrade of the proton beam power from 1.2 MW to 2.4 MW, and (3) replacement of the near detector's temporary muon spectrometer with a magnetized, high-pressure gaseous argon TPC and calorimeter

A Gaseous Argon-Based Near Detector to Enhance the Physics Capabilities of DUNE

This document presents the concept and physics case for a magnetized gaseous argon-based detector system (ND-GAr) for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector. This detector system is required in order for DUNE to reach its full physics potential in the measurement of CP violation and in delivering precision measurements of oscillation parameters. In addition to its critical role in the long-baseline oscillation program, ND-GAr will extend the overall physics program of DUNE. The LBNF high-intensity proton beam will provide a large flux of neutrinos that is sampled by ND-GAr, enabling DUNE to discover new particles and search for new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model

Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: DUNE Physics Summary

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with a primary physics goal of observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillation patterns to precisely measure the parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation in a single experiment, and to test the three-flavor paradigm. DUNE's design has been developed by a large, international collaboration of scientists and engineers to have unique capability to measure neutrino oscillation as a function of energy in a broadband beam, to resolve degeneracy among oscillation parameters, and to control systematic uncertainty using the exquisite imaging capability of massive LArTPC far detector modules and an argon-based near detector. DUNE's neutrino oscillation measurements will unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering and provide the sensitivity to discover CP violation in neutrinos for a wide range of possible values of $\delta_{CP}$. DUNE is also uniquely sensitive to electron neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, and to a broad range of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), including nucleon decays. DUNE is anticipated to begin collecting physics data with Phase I, an initial experiment configuration consisting of two far detector modules and a minimal suite of near detector components, with a 1.2 MW proton beam. To realize its extensive, world-leading physics potential requires the full scope of DUNE be completed in Phase II. The three Phase II upgrades are all necessary to achieve DUNE's physics goals: (1) addition of far detector modules three and four for a total FD fiducial mass of at least 40 kt, (2) upgrade of the proton beam power from 1.2 MW to 2.4 MW, and (3) replacement of the near detector's temporary muon spectrometer with a magnetized, high-pressure gaseous argon TPC and calorimeter.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 202

A Gaseous Argon-Based Near Detector to Enhance the Physics Capabilities of DUNE

This document presents the concept and physics case for a magnetized gaseous argon-based detector system (ND-GAr) for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector. This detector system is required in order for DUNE to reach its full physics potential in the measurement of CP violation and in delivering precision measurements of oscillation parameters. In addition to its critical role in the long-baseline oscillation program, ND-GAr will extend the overall physics program of DUNE. The LBNF high-intensity proton beam will provide a large flux of neutrinos that is sampled by ND-GAr, enabling DUNE to discover new particles and search for new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 202