2 research outputs found

    Esforço para ouvir e envelhecimento auditivo : análise de relações funcionais entre idade, sensibilidade auditiva e atenção dividida

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    Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Departamento de Processos Psicológicos Básicos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Comportamento, 2017.Esforço para ouvir envolve atenção e demais recursos cognitivos necessários para compreender a fala, sendo a idade um fator funcional relevante, pois aumenta o esforço empregado para captar informações em situações desafiadoras de escuta. Este trabalho verificou o efeito do envelhecimento sobre esforço para ouvir, e suas relações com sensibilidade auditiva e atenção dividida em falantes do português brasileiro. Participaram 77 indivíduos (44 homens) com escolaridade igual ou superior a ensino médio completo, distribuídos em três grupos etários, distribuídos em adultos (22 a 38 anos), adultos mais velhos (50 a 60 anos) e idosos (70 a 80 anos). O paradigma de dupla-tarefa, composto por tarefa primária SSI e tarefa secundária Dominó Especial, foi implementado para mensurar esforço. Foram avaliados sensibilidade para tons puros de 250 a 16.000Hz, atenção dividida e auto avaliação de escuta. Correlações positivas entre idade e esforço para ouvir e negativas entre essas e capacidade de atenção dividida e sensibilidade auditiva (especialmente com frequências altas) foram encontradas. Não foi encontrada correlação entre auto avaliação da audição e esforço para ouvir. Concluiu-se que idade exerce impacto primordial no esforço para ouvir, o que foi demostrado através do desempenho de cada grupo etário em tarefa exigindo esforço para ouvir. Frequências altas foram associadas com a piora no desempenho na tarefa secundária na condição de tarefa dupla; a atenção dividida influenciou o esforço para ouvir, pois quanto pior a atenção dividida, maior o esforço. Foi encontrada influência das interações entre as variáveis idade e sensibilidade auditiva, bem como sensibilidade auditiva e atenção dividida, com o esforço para ouvir. Neste estudo, o envelhecimento justificou a maior parte da variância do esforço para ouvir observado.Listening effort involves attention and other cognitive resources essential to understand speech, age being an important factor since it increases the effort demanded to apprehend information in challenging listening situations. This study aimed to verify the effect of aging on the listening effort, and its relations with auditory sensitivity, and divided-attention in Brazilian Portuguese speakers. Seventy-seven participants (44 men) with an equal to or higher than complete high school education, divided into three age groups, from young adults (22-38 years), older adults (50-60 years) and the elderly (70-80 years). The dual-task paradigm, composed of primary task SSI and secondary task Special Domino, was implemented to measure effort. Sensitivity for pure tones of 250 to 16,000 Hz, divided attention and self-evaluation of listening were evaluated. Positive correlations between age and listening effort and negative correlations between them and divided-attention capacity, auditory sensitivity (especially with high frequencies) were found. No correlation was found between self-evaluation of hearing and listening effort. It was concluded that age exerts a primary impact on listening effort, which has been demonstrated through the performance of each age group in a effort-demanding task. High frequencies were associated with worse performance in the secondary task in the dual task condition; divided attention influenced listening effort, because the worse the divided attention, the greater the effort. There was influence of the interactions between the variables age and auditory sensitivity, as well as auditory sensitivity and divided attention, with listening effort. In this study, aging accounted for most of the variance in the observed listening effort

    Recognition of facial emotional expressions and its correlation with cognitive abilities in children with Down syndrome

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    Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities. Delays in cognitive development are found in the first years of life. As years pass, it may turn into intellectual deficiencies that unfold into several aspects, including difficulty recognizing emotional facial expressions. The present study investigated the recognition of six universal facial emotional expressions in a population of children aged 6-11 years who were divided into two groups: DS group and typically developing children (TDC) group. We used the Perception Test of Facial Emotional Expressions (Teste de Percepção de Emoções Faciais; TEPEF) and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III) and found that children with DS presented alterations in the recognition of expressions of disgust, surprise, and fear, whereas the recognition of happiness, sadness, and anger was maintained at a level comparable to the TDC group. Participants with DS presented significant positive correlations between sadness and Picture completion, Mazes, Arithmetic, Vocabulary, Digits, Verbal IQ, Verbal Comprehension Index, and Working Memory Index. All other facial expressions showed significant negative correlations with the Intelligence Quotient and WISC-III factorial index subtests. Absence of correlations was found among the TEPEF's six facial expressions and Information, Coding, Symbols, and Working Memory Index. The contribution of this study is related to understanding the characteristics of the recognition of facial emotions in children with DS, an important component of social relationships with their peers, schools, and families
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