SYNTHESIS OF N-15-ENRICHED UREA (CO((NH2)-N-15)(2)) FROM (NH3)-N-15, CO, AND S IN A DISCONTINUOUS PROCESS

CO((NH2)-N-15)(2) enriched with the stable isotope N-15 was synthesized based on a reaction involving CO, (NH3)-N-15, and S in the presence of CH3OH. The method differs from the industrial method; a stainless steel reactor internally lined with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was used in a discontinuous process under low pressure and temperature. The yield of the synthesis was evaluated as a function of the parameters: the amount of reagents, reaction time, addition of H2S, liquid solution and reaction temperature. The results showed that under optimum conditions (1.36, 4.01, and 4.48 g of (NH3)-N-15, CO, and S, respectively, 40 ml CH3OH, 40 mg H2S, 100 degrees C and 120 min of reaction) 1.82 g (yield 76.5%) of the compound was obtained per batch. The synthesized CO((NH2)-N-15)(2) contained 46.2% N, 0.55% biuret, melting point of 132.55 degrees C and did not exhibit isotopic fractionation. The production cost of CO((NH2)-N-15)(2) with 90.0 at. % N-15 was US$ 238.60 per gram.Foundation for Research Support of the State of Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Sao Paulo (FAPESP

Currents issues in cardiorespiratory care of patients with post-polio syndrome

ABSTRACT Post-polio syndrome (PPS) is a condition that affects polio survivors years after recovery from an initial acute attack of the poliomyelitis virus. Most often, polio survivors experience a gradual new weakening in muscles that were previously affected by the polio infection. The actual incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in individuals suffering from PPS is not known. However, there is a reason to suspect that individuals with PPS might be at increased risk. Method A search for papers was made in the databases Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed with the following keywords: post polio syndrome, cardiorespiratory and rehabilitation in English, French and Spanish languages. Although we targeted only seek current studies on the topic in question, only the relevant (double-blind, randomized-controlled and consensus articles) were considered. Results and Discussion Certain features of PPS such as generalized fatigue, generalized and specific muscle weakness, joint and/or muscle pain may result in physical inactivity deconditioning obesity and dyslipidemia. Respiratory difficulties are common and may result in hypoxemia. Conclusion Only when evaluated and treated promptly, somE patients can obtain the full benefits of the use of respiratory muscles aids as far as quality of life is concerned

Synthesis of 15N-enriched urea (CO(15NH2)2) from 15NH3, CO, and S in a discontinuous process

CO(15NH2)2 enriched with the stable isotope 15N was synthesized based on a reaction involving CO, 15NH3, and S in the presence of CH3OH. The method differs from the industrial method; a stainless steel reactor internally lined with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was used in a discontinuous process under low pressure and temperature. The yield of the synthesis was evaluated as a function of the parameters: the amount of reagents, reaction time, addition of H2S, liquid solution and reaction temperature. The results showed that under optimum conditions (1.36, 4.01, and 4.48 g of 15NH3, CO, and S, respectively, 40 ml CH3OH, 40 mg H2S, 100 ºC and 120 min of reaction) 1.82 g (yield 76.5%) of the compound was obtained per batch. The synthesized CO(15NH2)2 contained 46.2% N, 0.55% biuret, melting point of 132.55 ºC and did not exhibit isotopic fractionation. The production cost of CO(15NH2)2 with 90.0 at. % 15N was US$ 238.60 per gram

PRODUCTION OF (15)N-ENRICHED NITRIC ACID (H(15)NO(3))

Techniques that employ (15)N have proved to be an important tool in many areas of the agronomic and biomedical sciences. Nevertheless, their use is limited by methodological difficulties and by the price of compounds in the international market. Nitric compounds ((15)NO(3)(-)) have attracted the interest of researchers. However, these compounds are not currently produced in Brazil. Thus, in the present work H(15)NO(3) was obtained from the oxidation of anhydrous (15)NH(3). The method we used differs from the industrial process in that the absorption tower is replaced with a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined, stainless-steel hydration reactor. The process output was evaluated based on the following parameters: reaction temperature; ratio of reagents; pressure and flow of (15)NH(3(g)) through the catalyst (Pt/Rh). The results showed that, at the best conditions (500 degrees C; 50% excess O(2); 0.4 MPa; and 3.39 g. min(-1) of (15)NH(3)), a conversion percentage (N-(15)NH(3) to N-(15)NO(3)(-)) of 62.2%, an overall nitrogen balance (N-(15)NH(3) + N-(15)NO(3)(-)) of 86.8%, and purity higher than 99% could be obtained.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Avaliação radiográfica da localização de caninos superiores não irrompidos Radiographic evaluation of localization for non-erupted upper canines

A erupção ectópica e a impacção de caninos superiores são problemas bastante comuns na população. A excelência do tratamento ortod��ntico traduz-se na correção da oclusão, harmonia do sorriso, saúde periodontal e estabilidade pós-tratamento. Para obtermos tais condições, a manutenção dos caninos é fundamental. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar radiograficamente a localização de caninos superiores não irrompidos utilizando-se radiografias panorâmicas. Foram selecionadas setenta radiografias panorâmicas de pacientes com impacção uni ou bilateral de caninos, candidatos a tratamento cirúrgico. Para determinação da posição espacial dos caninos superiores não irrompidos foram selecionados métodos descritos na literatura e uma avaliação proposta neste trabalho. A localização de caninos não irrompidos é fundamental para estabelecer o plano de tratamento, auxiliando no acesso cirúrgico e na direção das forças ortodônticas a serem aplicadas no dente impactado. Os pacientes que tiveram suas radiografias utilizadas neste estudo serão tratados pelas disciplinas de Ortodontia e Cirurgia, com exodontia do canino ou exposição cirúrgica para colagem do dispositivo de tracionamento associada ao tratamento ortodôntico corretivo.<br>Ectopic eruption and the impaction of upper canines are problems quite commonly presented by the population. An excellent orthodontic treatment encompasses occlusal correction, smile harmony, periodontal health and posttreatment stability. Such conditions can be obtained upon the due maintenance of the canines, therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the radiographic localization of non-erupted upper canines using panoramic radiographs. In this study, seventy panoramic radiographs of patients presented with uni or bilateral canine impaction, applying for surgical treatment, were selected. Methods described in the literature and an evaluation proposed in this work were chosen to determine the spatial position for non-erupted upper canines. The localization of non-erupted canines is fundamental to establish the treatment plan, aiding in the surgical access and in the direction of orthodontic forces to be applied on the impacted tooth. The patients whose radiographs were utilized in this study will be treated at the Orthodontics and Surgery Departments, by means of surgeries for canine exodontics or surgical exposure for the bonding of a wire traction device, associated with corrective orthodontic treatment