Childhood bullying, paranoid thinking, and the misappraisal of social threat: trouble at school

Background:Experiences of bullying predict the development of paranoia in school-age adolescents. While many instances of psychotic phenomena are transitory, maintained victimization can lead to increasingly distressing paranoid thinking. Furthermore, paranoid thinkers perceive threat in neutral social stimuli and are vigilant for environmental risk. Aims:The present paper investigated the association between different forms of bullying and paranoid thinking, and the extent to which school-age paranoid thinkers overestimate threat in interpersonal situations. Methods: Two hundred and thirty participants, aged between eleven and fourteen, were recruited from one secondary school in the UK. Participants completed a series of questionnaires hosted on the Bristol Online Survey tool. All data were collected in a classroom setting in quiet and standardized conditions. Results: A significant and positive relationship was found between experiences of bullying and paranoid thinking: greater severity of bullying predicted more distressing paranoid thinking. Further, paranoid thinking mediated the relationship between bullying and overestimation of threat in neutral social stimuli. Conclusion: Exposure to bullying is associated with distressing paranoid thinking and subsequent misappraisal of threat. As paranoid thinkers experience real and overestimated threat, the phenomena may persist

A continuous-time delta-sigma ADC for portable ultrasound scanners

A fully differential fourth-order 1-bit continuous-time delta-sigma ADC designed in a 65nm process for portable ultrasound scanners is presented in this paper. The circuit design, implementation and measurements on the fabricated die are shown. The loop filter consists of RC-integrators, programmable capacitor arrays, resistors and voltage feedback DACs. The quantizer contains a pulse generator, a high-speed clocked comparator and a pull-down clocked latch to ensure constant delay in the feedback loop. Using this implementation, a small and low-power solution required for portable ultrasound scanner applications is achieved. The converter has a supply voltage of 1.2V, a bandwidth of 10MHz and an oversampling ratio of 16 leading to an operating frequency of 320MHz. The design occupies a die area of 0.0175mm2. Simulations with extracted parasitics show a SNR of 45.2dB and a current consumption of 489 µA. However, by adding a model of the measurement setup used, the performance degrades to 42.1dB. The measured SNR and current consumption are 41.6dB and 495 µA, which closely fit with the expected simulations. Several dies have been measured, and an estimation of the die spread distribution is given

Kritische Massa: Verdiepingsrapport

Onderzoek uitgevoerd door Universiteit Gent, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Technische Universiteit Delft in opdracht van Ruimte Vlaanderen.OTBArchitecture and The Built Environmen

Topvoorzieningen: Verdiepingsrapport

Onderzoek uitgevoerd in opdracht van Ruimte Vlaanderen.OTBArchitecture and The Built Environmen

Topvoorzieningen: Syntheserapport

Onderzoek uitgevoerd door Universiteit Gent, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Technische Universiteit Delft in opdracht van Ruimte Vlaanderen.OTBArchitecture and The Built Environmen

Kritische Massa: Syntheserapport

Onderzoek uitgevoerd door Universiteit Gent, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Technische Universiteit Delft in opdracht van Ruimte Vlaanderen.OTBArchitecture and The Built Environmen