1,008 research outputs found
Challenges and Responsibilities in Successful Management of Municipal Solid Wastes in India
Management of Municipal Solid wastes (MSW) is a genuine problem to all Municipal Corporations irrespective to their size, population or financial condition in India. Scientific technologies are available for pollution free hygienic disposal of all biodegradable solid wastes by converting them to good quality compost and also for systematic recycling of non-biodegradable wastes for their beneficial utilization. Machineries are also available for converting Municipal solid wastes to energy for partial fulfillment of highly demanded electricity. But still all Municipal Corporation in India mainly depend on old open dumping of solid wastes in some low lying dump-yards creating known environmental pollution hazards. The Municipal authority, the district administration and the common citizens have to play a constructive role for overcoming this problem. Important challenges faced by Municipal authorities all over India are non-preparedness to handle huge quantity of MSW generated daily, lacking of awareness by common people on benefits of segregation of MSW at source, non-availability of infrastructure as well as expert / skilled manpower for scientific disposal of MSW, accurate forecasting about city wise MSW generation and proper encouragement to Public – private partnership (PPP) model for efficient management of MSW. Everyone is essential part of this management system. Citizens have to take the responsibility for segregating solid wastes at home before handing over to Municipal workers and for refraining themselves from throwing out any solid wastes. Municipal corporations have to consider MSW as important resource material, use it for beneficial purposes through vermicomposting and recycling, and to stop dumping of MSW at outskirt by unnecessary spending money on its transportation. It is mainly found that installation of costly machinery for mechanical composting and electricity generation have sometimes become not 2 much fruitful to Municipal authorities due to lack of their expertise as well as maintenance and repairing problem of machineries. Scientific disposal with the help of NGOs and Entrepreneurs are found more effective, employment generative and cheaper than adopting costly mechanical system. Paradigm shift in thought process of every citizen can change the situation of management of municipal solid waste successfully
Commensurate to incommensurate magnetic phase transition in Honeycomb-lattice pyrovanadate Mn2V2O7
We have synthesized single crystalline sample of MnVO using
floating zone technique and investigated the ground state using magnetic
susceptibility, heat capacity and neutron diffraction. Our magnetic
susceptibility and heat capacity reveal two successive magnetic transitions at
19 K and 11.8 K indicating two distinct magnetically
ordered phases. The single crystal neutron diffraction study shows that in the
temperature () range 11.8 K 19 K the magnetic structure is
commensurate with propagation vector , while upon lowering
temperature below 11.8 K an incommensurate magnetic order emerges
with and the magnetic structure can be represented by
cycloidal modulation of the Mn spin in plane. We are reporting this
commensurate to incommensurate transition for the first time. We discuss the
role of the magnetic exchange interactions and spin-orbital coupling on the
stability of the observed magnetic phase transitions.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Are the Best Multilingual Document Embeddings simply Based on Sentence Embeddings?
Dense vector representations for textual data are crucial in modern NLP. Word
embeddings and sentence embeddings estimated from raw texts are key in
achieving state-of-the-art results in various tasks requiring semantic
understanding. However, obtaining embeddings at the document level is
challenging due to computational requirements and lack of appropriate data.
Instead, most approaches fall back on computing document embeddings based on
sentence representations. Although there exist architectures and models to
encode documents fully, they are in general limited to English and few other
high-resourced languages. In this work, we provide a systematic comparison of
methods to produce document-level representations from sentences based on
LASER, LaBSE, and Sentence BERT pre-trained multilingual models. We compare
input token number truncation, sentence averaging as well as some simple
windowing and in some cases new augmented and learnable approaches, on 3 multi-
and cross-lingual tasks in 8 languages belonging to 3 different language
families. Our task-based extrinsic evaluations show that, independently of the
language, a clever combination of sentence embeddings is usually better than
encoding the full document as a single unit, even when this is possible. We
demonstrate that while a simple sentence average results in a strong baseline
for classification tasks, more complex combinations are necessary for semantic
tasks.Comment: EACL 2023 Findings paper, to present at LoResM
Resveratrol Regulates Antioxidant Status, Inhibits Cytokine Expression and Restricts Apoptosis in Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Rat Hepatic Injury
Recent studies indicate the chemopreventive role of resveratrol in many animal models like ischemia, rheumatoid arthritis, human cancer, and diabetes. The present study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive potential of resveratrol in rat hepatic injury model by carbon tetrachloride. Male Wistar rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (0.4 g/kg body weight) intraperitoneally daily for 8 weeks. Resveratrol (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg body weight) was given orally from first day until the last day of experiment. The investigation assesses the effect of resveratrol on morphological, oxidative status, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and apoptotic analysis in carbon tetrachloride-challenged liver tissue. The study indicated that the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were profoundly expressed in experimental rats, whereas resveratrol decreases the immunopositivity of TNF-α and IL-6 and restored the altered architectural structure of challenged hepatic tissue. Resveratrol also protects liver cells by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis
Magnetic frustration and spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking in PdCrO2
In the triangular layered magnet PdCrO2 the intralayer magnetic interactions
are strong, however the lattice structure frustrates interlayer interactions.
In spite of this, long-range, 120 antiferromagnetic order condenses at
~K. We show here through neutron scattering measurements under
in-plane uniaxial stress and in-plane magnetic field that this occurs through a
spontaneous lifting of the three-fold rotational symmetry of the nonmagnetic
lattice, which relieves the interlayer frustration. We also show through
resistivity measurements that uniaxial stress can suppress thermal magnetic
disorder within the antiferromagnetic phase.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
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