Promising inhibition of diabetes-related enzymes and antioxidant properties of Ptilostemon casabonae leaves extract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism. One of the therapeutic approaches for the treatment of T2D is reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia through inhibition of the digestive enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In this context, aimed at identifying natural products endowed with anti-T2D potential, we focused on Ptilostemon casabonae (L.) Greuter, a species belonging to Asteraceae family. Enzymatic inhibition, antioxidant activity, phenolic composition and cellular assays were performed. This study revealed that the P. casabonae hydroalcoholic extract exerts a potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. This activity is supported by an antioxidant effect, preventing ROS formation in a stressed cellular system. HPLC-PDA-MS/MS analysis, revealed a complex polyphenolic fraction. Among the tested pure compounds, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, apigenin and rutin displayed good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Our study suggested new potential of P. casabonae encouraging us to further testing the possible therapeutic potential of this extract

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Diversity in the Orchid Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge from Sardinia (Italy)

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are produced by plants to address a variety of physiological and ecological tasks (among others, stress resistance, and pollinator attraction). Genetics is a key factor in determining plants’ VOCs content and emission, nevertheless, environment strongly influences VOCs profiles in plants. Orchids are a widespread group of plants that colonize diverse environments and rely on complex and refined pollination mechanisms to reproduce. Orchids VOCs are rarely studied and discussed in relation to growing conditions. In the present study, we compare the volatile profiles of inflorescences of Himantoglossum robertianum (Loisel.) P. Delforge sampled in six ecologically diverse populations on Sardinia Island (Italy). The essential oils obtained by steam distillation were characterized by GC‐FID and GC‐MS analysis. A total of 79 compounds were detected, belonging to the chemical classes of saturated hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, ketones, unsaturated hydrocarbons, sesquiterpenes, oxygenated terpenes, terpenes, acids, and aldehydes. Multivariate statistics separated H. robertianum populations based on their chemical profiles. Differences were positively linked to the distance separating populations and reflected climatological features of the sampling sites. Interestingly, our results differed from those available in the literature, pointing out the high variability of VOCs profiles in this food‐deceptive orchid

Genotype of Melatonin Receptor MT1 (MTNR1A) and Puberty in Mediterranean Italian Buffalo

In adult buffaloes, polymorphism of the MT1 receptor gene has shown to influence the reproductive seasonality. The aim of study was to assess whether the polymorphism of the MTNR1A gene may influence puberty in Mediterranean Italian buffalo. The study was conducted using 50 prepubertal buffalo cows that at the age of 15 months were placed into the group where there was the male. Estrus detection was performed by observing estrous-behaviour and pregnancy checking by palpation per rectum and/or ultrasound between days 40 and 60 post-mating. Also of each animal dates of calving was recorded. From each buffalos a blood sample was collected and used for DNA extraction. PCR analysis was performed using 100-150 ng of DNA to amplify the second exon of the MTNRA1 gene. All PCR products were digested with 2U of enzyme HpaI to highlight the polymorphism at position 82 (characterized by a C to a T substitution) of the MTNR1A gene. Frequency of C and T alleles was respectively 0.42 and 0.58 in the analyzed population which resulted in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The genotypic frequency was 28% for genotype C/C, 38% for C/T and 34% for T/T. The registration of reproductive data showed that the first heat is around the age of 20 months and the first calving around 32 months. Our data show that the genotype of the MTNR1A does not influence the onset of reproductive activity in prepubertal buffalo cows