Defeating Paediatric Tuberculous Meningitis: Applying the WHO "Defeating Meningitis by 2030: Global Roadmap"

Children affected by tuberculous meningitis (TBM), as well as their families, have needs that lie at the intersections between the tuberculosis and meningitis clinical, research, and policy spheres. There is therefore a substantial risk that these needs are not fully met by either programme. In this narrative review article, we use the World Health Organization (WHO) “Defeating Meningitis by 2030: global roadmap” as a starting point to consider key goals and activities to specifically defeat TBM in children. We apply the five pillars outlined in the roadmap to describe how this approach can be adapted to serve children affected by TBM. The pillars are (i) prevention; (ii) diagnosis and treatment; (iii) surveillance; (iv) support and care for people affected by meningitis; and (v) advocacy and engagement. We conclude by calling for greater integration between meningitis and TB programmes at WHO and at national levels

Medicinal management of corneal opacity in free ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of Shivalik hills in Western Himalayas, Northern India

Corneal opacification was diagnosed in 17 free ranging rhesus macaques during detailed ophthalmic examination as a part of clinical health examination, at the monkey rescue sterilization centre in Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh, India. The cornea was completely opaque permitting only a little vision with respect to the affected eye. Medical management with topical ciprofloxacin and prednisolone along with ketoprofen and vitamin A was instituted. The corneal lesions subsided completely within one week following treatment. The treatment protocol successfully eliminated the discomfort and intraocular lesions with no serious subsequent irritation due to the treatment in these animals

Medicinal management of corneal opacity in free ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of Shivalik hills in Western Himalayas, Northern India

Corneal opacification was diagnosed in 17 free ranging rhesus macaques during detailed ophthalmic examination as a part of clinical health examination, at the monkey rescue sterilization centre in Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh, India. The cornea was completely opaque permitting only a little vision with respect to the affected eye. Medical management with topical ciprofloxacin and prednisolone along with ketoprofen and vitamin A was instituted. The corneal lesions subsided completely within one week following treatment. The treatment protocol successfully eliminated the discomfort and intraocular lesions with no serious subsequent irritation due to the treatment in these animals.Keywords: Corneal opacity, Ophthalmic disorder, Rhesus macaque, Shivalik hill

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Abstract Corneal opacification was diagnosed in 17 free ranging rhesus macaques during detailed ophthalmic examination as a part of clinical health examination, at the monkey rescue sterilization centre in Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh, India. The cornea was completely opaque permitting only a little vision with respect to the affected eye. Medical management with topical ciprofloxacin and prednisolone along with ketoprofen and vitamin A was instituted. The corneal lesions subsided completely within one week following treatment. The treatment protocol successfully eliminated the discomfort and intraocular lesions with no serious subsequent irritation due to the treatment in these animals

Candidate Gene Polymorphism for IL-Rγ and ChB6 Genes in the Indigenous Chicken of North Western Himalayan State of Himachal Pradesh, India

Present investigation was carried out to identify DNA polymorphism of IL-2Rγ and ChB6 genes. Sixty five birds belonging to the indigenous chicken of Himachal Pradesh were utilized. Good quality DNA samples were subjected to PCR-RFLP analysis using chicken specific primers. Overnight restriction enzyme digestion was carried out at 37°C with IU Hph I and Pvu II for IL-2Rγ and ChB6 genes, respectively. Amplification of IL-2Rγ gene resolved a 600 bp amplicon in all samples,  which upon digestion with Hph I RE yielded three patterns i.e. Hph I aa , Hph I a/b and Hph I bb. Hph I aa genotype revealed 465 and 42 bp fragments while Hph I bb genotypes revealed 454, 134, 104 and 42 bp fragments. Hph I a/b genotype resolved 465, 454, 134, 104 and 42 bp fragments. The frequencies of these patterns were 0.47, 0.23 and 0.30 for Hph I aa, Hph I a/b and Hph I bb, respectively. The amplification of Chicken B cell marker (ChB6) generated 215 bp amplicon in all the samples, which upon digestion with  Pvu II generated two pattern i.e. Pvu II aa and Pvu II bb respectively. Pvu II aa generated 215 bp fragments while Pvu II bb generated 215, 147 and 68 bp, respectively. The frequencies of the PCR-RFLP pattern of ChB6 gene were 0.57 and 0.43, respectively