Food Security Status in Bangladesh: An Analytical Overview

Food is a basic human need for human survival To achieve Millennium Development Goals food security has become top most concern for Bangladesh This paper examines performance challenges and policies in food security in terms of availability access and absorption or nutrition Specifically this paper focuses on the progress in supply side of food in terms of availability at the national level and how far has Bangladesh progressed in attaining access to food and nutrition requirements at the household level The paper argues in favor of strengthening the role of various social safety net programs increasing subsidy in agriculture sector and enhancing purchasing power of the people food security production and availability of food grains This paper has also given attention on the effect of inflation on price of food grains The paper concludes that Bangladesh should target self-sufficiency in food grains production to satisfy domestic demand in normal production year

Food Security Status in Bangladesh: An Analytical Overview

Food is a basic human need for human survival To achieve Millennium Development Goals food security has become top most concern for Bangladesh This paper examines performance challenges and policies in food security in terms of availability access and absorption or nutrition Specifically this paper focuses on the progress in supply side of food in terms of availability at the national level and how far has Bangladesh progressed in attaining access to food and nutrition requirements at the household level The paper argues in favor of strengthening the role of various social safety net programs increasing subsidy in agriculture sector and enhancing purchasing power of the people food security production and availability of food grains This paper has also given attention on the effect of inflation on price of food grains The paper concludes that Bangladesh should target self-sufficiency in food grains production to satisfy domestic demand in normal production year

Food inflation in Bangladesh: causes and consequences

This paper explains the historical trend of food inflation in Bangladesh. The paper investigates the main factors that were the driving forces of food inflation in Bangladesh over the years. Using 12 years data it is found that some of the short run factors like floods, cyclones, droughts, lack of grain reserves and high oil prices as well as some of the long run factors such as controlling supply chain through syndication, negligence of agriculture sector, trade liberalization and increasing trade deficit, increasing dependency on import, fluctuations of food grain prices in domestic Market and currency depreciation are mainly responsible for rising food inflation in Bangladesh. Consequences of food inflation are most severe on poor and middle class people. Due to middle men and brokers farmers did not get the benefit of increase of price of food grain

Development of the Financial System In India: Assessment Of Financial Depth & Access

In this paper we have a look at the development of the financial system in India during 1990 till 2010 based on the World Bank Global Financial Development data base. More specifically we focus on two dimensions, financial depth and access, and two segments, financial institutions and financial markets. Germany is used as benchmark country. We found that India has a well developed stock market and market capitalization in Bombay stock market is higher than that of Germany. But financial system in India mainly market based and dominated by financial market relative to financial institutions. As a result well developed stock market is not able to compensate the underdeveloped financial institutions and bond market in India. Keywords: Financial Development, Growth, Liberalization and Recession.

Socio-economic Structure & Sustainable Development of Indigenous Society: A Study on the Munda Community

The main aim of this research is to determine how to develop sustainable development for the Munda community based on their current socio-economic structure in view of their current condition The study is mainly quantitative in nature Koira and Dumuria upazilas of Khulna district and Shyamnagar Debhata and Tala upazilas of Satkhira district were selected through convenient sampling techniques for the purpose of collecting primary data because a large part of the Munda community lives in these areas A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 250 respondents from five preselected areas The respondents were selected using a simple random sampling technique The data was analyzed in terms of statistical indicators of frequency and percentage The results of the study show that social indicators economic indicators and cultural factors are very weak among the Munda community Among the social indicators Munda women and men have very little interest in following hygiene rules sanitation birth control Economic indicators show income sources and job opportunities The Munda community has been facing many challenges recently Many educated boys and girls in the Munda community spend their days in agony due to a lack of suitable jobs which has a negative impact on everyone in the community Cultural factors show that the Munda community which is plagued by poverty can celebrate its cultural events in a grand manner so that other communities or ethnic groups do not get any idea about their culture This research will be of great help to those who work with the indigenous communities of Bangladesh especially the various ministries of the government NGOs policymakers and government and private research organization

Health-related quality of life following heart surgery

This study evaluates the differences in preoperative and postoperative health-related quality of life of the patients following heart surgery and observed the factors that influence quality of life changes. This prospective observational study involved two parameters from the SF-36 questionnaire before and one year after heart surgery in a single surgeon’s practice. At the baseline assessment of the study observed 140 patients, predominantly were male in both study groups. The mean age was 56.8 ± 4.2 years, 64.7 ± 7.4 years in Group of patients age ≤ 60 years and age >60 year’s respectively. In elderly aged group, patients have greater risk of co-morbidity, operative complications, and low preoperative as well as postoperative quality of life score. There was an overall improvement in all majority health domains of the SF-36 questionnaire among study population. Statistical results from Logistic multivariate analysis demonstrates a greater value of preoperative mental component summary scores (p=0.08), and physical component summary scores (p=0.01) as potential risk factors for non-improvement following heart surgery. Although, elderly patients (age >60 year’s) with greater operative risk have low preoperative quality of life score, but demonstrate an equal improvement in most of the health domains following heart surgery as like as younger study population

Coronary atheroma [14 cm] extracted from the right coronary artery during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Coronary endarterectomy is a good option for surgical revascularization in diffusely coronary artery disease. In coronary artery bypass surgery, a diffusely diseased right coronary artery is an obstruction to accomplishing complete myocardial revascularization, subsequently increasing the likelihood of a poor postoperative prognosis. Here, we report a case of extraction of a long segment coronary atheroma (14 cm) from right coronary artery during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using closed endarterectomy technique followed by reconstruction with saphenous venous graft

Coronary atheroma [14 cm] extracted from the right coronary artery during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

Coronary endarterectomy is a good option for surgical revascularization in diffusely coronary artery disease. In coronary artery bypass surgery, a diffusely diseased right coronary artery is an obstruction to accomplishing complete myocardial revascularization, subsequently increasing the likelihood of a poor postoperative prognosis. Here, we report a case of extraction of a long segment coronary atheroma (14 cm) from right coronary artery during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting using closed endarterectomy technique followed by reconstruction with saphenous venous graft

Role of offending out-door aero-allergen and CD14 C(-159)T polymorphism in development and severity of asthma in a Kolkata patient population

Objective: Present study involved identification of offending out-door aero-allergens and associated genetic pathway in nasso-bronchial asthma among Kolkata population.Methods: Skin-prick test was done among 950 asthmatic patients against 11 common aero-allergens and total serum IgE concentration was measured. PCR-RFLP was done in patients and non-asthmatic control (n=220 in each) to characterize functional polymorphism, C(-159)T, of CD14, a positional candidate gene for allergy. Association of genetic polymorphisms was made with clinico-pathological conditions.Results: We identified Cocos nucifera as the most common aero-allergen sensitizer among atopic patients in Kolkata. Patients with childhood-onset asthma were significantly more sensitive towards aero-allergens and had significantly higher serum IgE level than those of adult-onset (p< 0.0001). No significant difference was found in distribution of SNP genotypes of CD14 among case and control (p=0.178). However among patients, frequency of C allele is significantly higher in childhood-onset group thanthat of adult-onset and concordantly in former CC genotype was associated with significant higher level of serum IgE than CT and TT.Conclusion: In Kolkata, pollen is a common out-door aero-allergen and Cocos nucifera is predominant among pollens. Childhood- onset and adult-onset of asthma showed significant difference in allergen sensitivity as well as genetic background with respect to CD14 polymorphism.Keywords: Asthma, aero-allergen, skin prick test, total IgE, CD14 gene polymorphis