Survey of Object Detection Methods in Camouflaged Image

Camouflage is an attempt to conceal the signature of a target object into the background image. Camouflage detection methods or Decamouflaging method is basically used to detect foreground object hidden in the background image. In this research paper authors presented survey of camouflage detection methods for different applications and areas

Quantum-Inspired Classical Algorithms for Singular Value Transformation

A recent breakthrough by Tang (STOC 2019) showed how to "dequantize" the quantum algorithm for recommendation systems by Kerenidis and Prakash (ITCS 2017). The resulting algorithm, classical but "quantum-inspired", efficiently computes a low-rank approximation of the users' preference matrix. Subsequent works have shown how to construct efficient quantum-inspired algorithms for approximating the pseudo-inverse of a low-rank matrix as well, which can be used to (approximately) solve low-rank linear systems of equations. In the present paper, we pursue this line of research and develop quantum-inspired algorithms for a large class of matrix transformations that are defined via the singular value decomposition of the matrix. In particular, we obtain classical algorithms with complexity polynomially related (in most parameters) to the complexity of the best quantum algorithms for singular value transformation recently developed by Chakraborty, Gily\'{e}n and Jeffery (ICALP 2019) and Gily\'{e}n, Su, Low and Wiebe (STOC19).Comment: 19 page

Functionality of C-Reactive Protein for Atheroprotection

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pentameric molecule made up of identical monomers. CRP can be seen in three different forms: native pentameric CRP (native CRP), non-native pentameric CRP (nonnative CRP), and monomeric CRP (mCRP). Both native and nonnative CRP execute ligand-recognition functions for host defense. The fate of any pentameric CRP after binding to a ligand is dissociation into ligand-bound mCRP. If ligand-bound mCRP is proinflammatory, like free mCRP has been shown to be in vitro, then mCRP along with the bound ligand must be cleared from the site of inflammation. Once pentameric CRP is bound to atherogenic low-density lipoprotein (LDL), it reduces both formation of foam cells and proinflammatory effects of atherogenic LDL. A CRP mutant, that is non-native CRP, which readily binds to atherogenic LDL, has been found to be atheroprotective in a murine model of atherosclerosis. Thus, unlike statins, a drug that can lower only cholesterol levels but not CRP levels should be developed. Since non-native CRP has been shown to bind to all kinds of malformed proteins in general, it is possible that non-native CRP would be protective against all inflammatory states in which host proteins become pathogenic. If it is proven through experimentation employing transgenic mice that non-native CRP is beneficial for the host, then using a small-molecule compound to target CRP with the goal of changing the conformation of endogenous native CRP would be preferred over using recombinant non-native CRP as a biologic to treat diseases caused by pathogenic proteins such as oxidized LDL

SUPPRESSION OF DROSOPHILA ANANASSAE FLIES OWING TO INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION WITH D. MELANOGASTER UNDER ARTIFICIAL CONDITIONS

Interspecific competition between two species of Drosophila: D. ananassae and D. melanogaster was studied at the larval and adult stages. It was found that when D. ananassae and D. melanogaster adult flies were co-cultured, very few D. ananassae offspring could be recovered in the first generation. To investigate the reasons of D. ananassae apparent inhibition, mating behavior of D. ananassae in the presence of D. melanogaster was observed and it was found that the number of matings deviated significantly from those recorded when it was kept alone. To determine larval development of D. ananassae after being initially exposed to D. melanogaster, the females of the two species were separated in different food bottles after 3 days of being kept together. Good D. ananassae cultures could be recovered indicating that initial exposure of D. ananassae to D. melanogaster did not hamper its egg laying capacity or eclosion. However, if they remained together, no D. ananassae could be recovered from larval diet, suggesting that either D. melanogaster adults interfered with fertilization or egg-laying, or their larvae eliminated competitors. To see whether there is larval competition, polytene chromosomes of 54 third instar larvae were analyzed out of which only 5.56 percent were found to be D. ananassae. Thus, if a few eggs are laid by D. ananassae and they develop, all the while facing competition from D. melanogaster and till the third instar larval stage is reached, there is almost complete elimination of D. ananassae. Thus, interspecific competition exists at all stages of life cycle and few if any D. ananassae flies emerge.Se estudió la competencia interespecífica entre dos especies de Drosophila: D. ananassae y D. melanogaster en estado larvario y adulto. Se encontró que al criar simultáneamente adultos de D. ananassae y D. melanogaster, muy poca progenie de primera generación de D. ananassae podia recuperarse. Para investigar las causas de la aparente inhibición de D. ananassae, se observó el comportamiento de apareamiento de D. ananassae en presencia de D. melanogaster y se observó que el número de apareamientos se desvió significatívamente de aquel registrado cuando esta especie se mantuvo sola. Para observar el desarrollo larvario de D. ananassae después de la exposición a D. melanogaster, hembras de ambas especies fueron separadas en botes de alimento después de tres días de confinamiento conjunto. Se obtuvieron buenas crías de D. ananassae, indicando que la exposición de D. ananassae a D. melanogaster no afectó su capacidad de oviposición ni su fertilidad. Sin embargo, cuando ambas especies permanecieron juntas, no se recuperó D. ananassae de la dieta larvaria lo que sugiere que los adultos de D.melanogaster interfirieron con la fertilización u oviposición, o bien sus larvas eliminaron la competencia. Para establecer la existencia de competencia larvaria se examinaron los cromosomas polténicos de 54 larvas de tercer estadio entre las cuáles solo el 5.56 por ciento resultaron ser de D. ananassae. Por lo tanto, si algunos huevos son depositados por D. ananassae y se desarrollan, éstos enfrentan la competencia de D. melanogaster durante todo el desarrollo y hasta el tercer estadio, llegando a la casi total eliminación de D. ananassae. Existe competencia interespecifica en todas las etapas del ciclo de vida resultando en una casi nula emergencia de D. ananassae

A New Right-Skewed Upside Down Bathtub Shaped Heavy-tailed Distribution and its Applications

A one parameter right skewed, upside down bathtub type, heavy-tailed distribution is derived. Various statistical properties and maximum likelihood approaches for estimation purpose are studied. Five different real data sets with four different models are considered to illustrate the suitability of the proposed model