Development and characterization of floating microspheres based drug delivery system for peptic ulcer

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H0H_0 Tension in Torsion-based Modified Gravity

The rising concern in the Hubble constant tension ($H_0$ tension) of the cosmological models motivates the scientific community to search for alternative cosmological scenarios that could resolve the $H_0$ tension. In this regard, we aim to work on a torsion-based modified theory of gravity which is an alternative description to the coherence model. We find an analytic solution of the Hubble parameter using a linear Lagrangian function of torsion $T$ and trace of energy-momentum tensor $\mathcal{T}$ for the dust case. Further, we constrain the cosmological and model parameters; to do that, we use Hubble and Pantheon samples and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation through Bayesian statistics. We obtain the values of Hubble constant as $H_0= 69.9\pm 6.8$ km$s^{-1}$ Mp$c^{-1}$, $H_0= 70.3\pm 6.3$ km$s^{-1}$ Mp$c^{-1}$, and $H_0= 71.4\pm 6.3$ km$s^{-1}$ Mp$c^{-1}$ at 68\% confidence level (CL), for Hubble, Pantheon, and their combine analysis, respectively. These outputs of $H_0$ for our model align with the recent observational measurements of $H_0$.Comment: Comments are welcom

An Emerging Trend in Tablet Technology:- Floating Tablets of Ranitidine HCl

The rationale of this research was to prepare a gastroretentive drug delivery system of Ranitidine HCL. Floating Drug delivery system used to target drug release in the stomach or to the upper part of the intestine. The oral delivery of Ranitidine is tested by preparing a non-disintegrating floating dosage form, which increase its absorption in the stomach by increasing the drug’s gastric residence time. The polymer PVC and Sodium bicarbonate was used as the gas–generating agents. Sodium bicarbonate causes the tablets to floats for more then 24hr. The prepared tablets were evaluated on their physicochemical properties and drug release characters. In-vitro release studies indicate that the Ranitidine release form the floating dosage form was uniform followed zero order release. A combination of sodium bicarbonate (70mg) and citric acid (15mg) was found to achieve Optimum in vitro buoyancy. The tablets with methocel K100 were found to float for longer duration of time as compared to formulations containing methocel K15M. The drug release from the tablets was sufficiently sustained.Keywords: Ranitidine; Floating tablets; Methoce

Effect of sitagliptin on depression in male wistar rats

Background: Growing evidence supports relationship between depression and inflammation. The hypothesis of involvement of inflammatory pathways in depression is supported by the findings of increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. So, we decided to evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on depression using forced swim test (FST) and possible effects of sitagliptin on serum oxidative stress markers and cytokine gene expression in rat hippocampus.Methods: FST model was used to evaluate antidepressant effect in male wistar rats. Rats in group I (control group) were given normal saline, group II (standard group) were given fluoxetine, group III and IV (test groups) were given sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and sitagliptin 9 mg/kg respectively. All the drugs in all groups were given per orally. At the end, animals were sacrificed and blood was collected. Hippocampus of rat brain was dissected out. Serum oxidative stress markers and hippocampal pro inflammatory cytokine gene expression analysis was carried out.Results: Sitagliptin 5 mg/kg and 9 mg/kg showed reduction in depressive symptoms and hippocampal cytokine gene expression in comparison to control. In case of serum oxidative stress markers, there was statistically significant reduction in nitric oxide levels with stagliptin 9 mg/kg. Although there was a decrease in the levels of catalase and increase in the levels of glutathione with standard and test groups, the results were not statistically significant.Conclusions: The present study showed significant antidepressant effect activity of standard and test groups. Hence, further research should be carried out to substantiate above results

Bridging the Gap of Skilled Surgeons in Low and Middle Income Countries Using ICT Based Tools : A Case Study in Super-Speciality Training

Introduction: Over the last two decades, advancement of super specialised surgical disciplines has shown improved health outcome, in particular quality and safety. Although medical technology has developed to meet diagnostics and therapeutic needs, there is a scarcity of trained human resources in advanced specialities in low and middle income countries (LMICs). Innovative methods are needed to educate and train people at their workplaces using collaborative technologies and networks. Methods: Over the last 15 years, two general surgeons in Cuttack have been telementored from Lucknow 1,163 km away, using collaborative technologies to develop Endocrine Surgery. This study reviews the last 11 years of the service which includes a clinical decision support system and treatment planning advice using real time videoconferencing. Results: Over the last 11 years, 199 endocrine surgeries per annum were performed with most being thyroid cases as compared with 119 surgeries per annum during the previous five years. Parathyroid and adrenal cases increased significantly during this period (p <0.001). Rates of temporary and permanent vocal cord palsy (1.7% and 0%), hypocalcaemia (5.9% and 1.1%) were comparable with high volume centres. Based on the quantum, safety and quality outcome of endocrine surgery the provincial government has approved creation of a super-speciality department of endocrine surgery in Cuttack. Conclusion: Sustained engagement using telementoring can transfer surgical skills to needy surgeons and enable them to match the expertise of mentors. This model can be replicated in other specialities in a cost effective way to develop specialised human resources for healthcare, in particular in LMICs

An open-label, prospective study comparing efficacy, tolerability and cost of therapy of losartan with enalapril in stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension

Background: Hypertension is a chronic disease which insidiously affects multiple systems in the body especially the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. Also being a chronic disease the patient is required to take medications lifelong and this has financial implications. This study was attempted to evaluate drugs in two antihypertensive groups: Angiotensin II antagonist losartan v/s angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril. Methods: A total of 100 patients as per the selection criteria were enrolled in the study and allocated randomly to either group A (losartan group) or group B (enalapril group). The study period was for 12 weeks, during which regular assessments were done - first on recruitment and then at 2nd week, 4th week, 8th week, and 12th week. The assessment parameters were diastolic, systolic pressures and pulse rate. Routine investigations were performed during the 1st visit and after 12 weeks of the study period.Results: There were no significant differences between the treatment groups with respect to baseline patient demographic data and clinical characteristics like systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. The cost benefit ratio and less adverse effects (cough), can be appreciated in group A (losartan group).Conclusions: Losartan and enalapril were well tolerated after 12 weeks of treatment with notable tolerability advantages of losartan especially with respect to the respiratory system (cough). The cost of therapy for losartan group was almost half the cost of therapy for enalapril group and hence being cost effective. Thus, losartan could be preferred as a suitable alternative to enalapril as an antihypertensive agent

Sentiment analysis and classification of Indian farmers’ protest using twitter data

Protests are an integral part of democracy and an important source for citizens to convey their demands and/or dissatisfaction to the government. As citizens become more aware of their rights, there has been an increasing number of protests all over the world for various reasons. With the advancement of technology, there has also been an exponential rise in the use of social media to exchange information and ideas. In this research, we gathered data from the microblogging website Twitter concerning farmers’ protest to understand the sentiments that the public shared on an international level. We used models to categorize and analyze the sentiments based on a collection of around 20,000 tweets on the protest. We conducted our analysis using Bag of Words and TF-IDF and discovered that Bag of Words performed better than TF-IDF. In addition, we also used Naive Bayes, Decision Trees, Random Forests, and Support Vector Machines and also discovered that Random Forest had the highest classification accuracy

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamic evaluation of Nizatidine microspheres on experimental animals

Mucoadhesive microspheres overcome the physiological adversities like short gastric residence time promoting the drug bioavailability. In the present investigation Nizatidine loaded Eudragit RS 100 microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation technique using disparate drug polymer ratios with Eudragit RS 100 polymer and Nizatidine loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared by coacervation phase separation method. The prime objective was to enhance the absorption and bioavailability by prolonging the gastric residence time. Totally six formulations RES1- RES6 Eudragit RS 100 microspheres and six formulations RCP1 – RCP6 Eudragit RS100 microspheres were prepared and evaluated. RES3 and RCP3 showed nearly 90% drug release after 24 h. Hence the Nizatidine loaded Eudragit RS100 microspheres and Chitosan microspheres were further studied for the in vivo study for the suitability of the formulation. The bioavailability of nizatidine after oral ingestion is about 50% and is absorbed via the small intestine and it may be attributed to permeability of the intestine is relatively slow in nature. Hence the current research was to widen the therapeutic efficacy of Nizatidine by formulating microspheres enhance the intestinal permeability as well as bioavailability by performing the anti-ulcer activity. Keywords: Microspheres, Eudragit RS 100, Chitosan, Bioavailability

EFFICACY OF A COATING COMPOSED OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE AND WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE TO CONTROL THE QUALITY OF JAGGERY

This study evaluated the efficacy of coating composed of Carboxymethyl Cellulose and Whey Protein Concentrate on the storage characteristics and storage quality conditions of coated jaggery for 15 weeks. The edible coating was based on five different levels of Carboxymethyl cellulose (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%and 2.5%) and Whey protein concentrate (2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%).The results indicate that the storage of jaggery were modified and improved by coating. The statistical data revealed that different treatment of jaggery samples significantly affected the pH, reducing sugar, total microbial count and optical density. The reducing sugar, optical density, total viable count and mould count increased significantly as the storage period increased. However, moisture content and pH followed decreasing pattern during the storage. The result of the study concluded that coating of jaggery sample could help in retaining the desirable moisture upto some extent. Also it can be concluded that problem related to keeping quality of jaggery could be overcome by applying edible coating based on carboxymethyl cellulose and whey protein concentrate