A Study on the Human Rights Situation in Kirkuk

Human rights are the principles that seek to protect all human beings around the world from serious political, legal, and social abuses. As a result of the atrocities committed in First and Second World Wars, the United Nations ensures the protection of human rights through several international conventions and instruments, such as the UN Charter and Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Iraq is a signatory to most of the international conventions concerning the protection of human rights. This paper aims to examine the protection of human rights in Kirkuk under the Iraqi Federal Government. The paper’s approach is focused entirely on desk research, with secondary sources being the main sources of information. The study concludes that the Iraqi Federal Government has failed to protect human rights in Kirkuk due to the fragmented security ability of the Federal Government and the dominance of militant groups in the region

A form of equations of motion of a mechanical system in quasi-coordinates

In [3, 4, 5] the form of equations of motion in holonomic coordinates has constructed. The equations obtained give an effective tool for investigating complicated systems. In the present paper the form of equations of motion is written in quasi-coordinates. These equations are solved with respect to quasi-accelerations, which allow to define the motion of a holonomic and nonholonomic systems by a closed set of algebraic – differential equations. The reaction forces of constraints imposed on the system under consideration are calculated by means of a simple algorithm. For illustrating the effectiveness of this form of equations an example is considered

An Examination of American Sport for Development and Peace Interns\u27 Program Experiences

Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) is an international development movement that uses sport to address international humanitarian issues, including education on preventing HIV/AIDS, peaceful resolutions in communities experiencing conflict, and establishing gender equality in male-dominated societies. The emergence of SDP as a branch of international development over the last decade has garnered much attention. National governments, non-governmental organizations, and scholars have involved themselves in the process of SDP. The attention that SDP has attracted by these parties has been both practical and theoretical. Scholarly studies by prior researchers on SDP have included suggestions on best practices, and how people working in SDP process and handle programming based on a particular world view. Therefore, this study aimed to address how American SDP interns reflected on their internship experiences. The purpose of this study was to examine qualitatively former American SDP interns\u27 program experiences. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven former American SDP interns. The findings indicated that, in their role as American SDP interns, the participants were at once complicit in and resistant to reproducing inequitable power relations, personal ideologies and Americanization processes while in their host countries. Keywords: Sport for Development and Peace, Americanization, Interns

The role of social interactions on the development and honesty of a signal of status

Badges of status are supposed to have insignificant production costs, so use costs are thought to be most important in ensuring signal reliability. Use costs arise from the use of the status signal in social interactions. Social experiences that arise from the use of inappropriate signals in social interactions may drive mechanisms that result in reduced fitness for inappropriate signalers. The role of social control, probing and familiarity in producing use costs was explored. There was no evidence that social control by dominants produced a cost for cheaters and no evidence that social control by subordinates produced a cost for inappropriate signaling by Trojans. Probing produced a cost for cheating when resource value was high but not when resource value was low. Familiarity had some effect on the cost and benefit of cheating but in patterns that were not predicted. Familiarity both eliminated a benefit of cheating and reduced a cost of cheating; therefore it is uncertain how familiarity affects honest signaling. The status signal of the receiver had no effect on the cost or benefits of cheating, and there was no evidence of punishment. Social experiences have the potential to affect signal development to produce a correspondence between signal and status. The effects of social experience on signal production were examined and there was little evidence that social experience influenced bib development. Neither aggression expressed nor aggression received was not predictive of bib size. Additionally, tests on the different measures of winning experience produced conflicting conclusions regarding the relationship between winning experience and bib development

Study of influence of incline vibration to the working condition of the vibration sieve

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The problem of first integral of nonholonomic systems

In this paper, the problem of first integrals of a nonholonomic system is discussed. The aim of this work is concentra.ted on finding the condition for existence of first integrals. The obtained results are applied for the construction of linear and quadratic integrals of nonholonomic systems. It obtains two important affirmations; they are: Any first integral could be treated as a particular nonholonomic constraint and contrarily, any nonholonomic constraint could be regarded as a first integral of the nonholonomic system

Canonical equations for a constrained mechanical system

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