683 research outputs found
BioCAD: an information fusion platform for bio-network inference and analysis
Background : As systems biology has begun to draw growing attention, bio-network inference and analysis have become more and more important. Though there have been many efforts for bio-network inference, they are still far from practical applications due to too many false inferences and lack of comprehensible interpretation in the biological viewpoints. In order for applying to real problems, they should provide effective inference, reliable validation, rational elucidation, and sufficient extensibility to incorporate various relevant information sources.
Results : We have been developing an information fusion software platform called BioCAD. It is utilizing both of local and global optimization for bio-network inference, text mining techniques for network validation and annotation, and Web services-based workflow techniques. In addition, it includes an effective technique to elucidate network edges by integrating various information sources. This paper presents the architecture of BioCAD and essential modules for bio-network inference and analysis.
Conclusion : BioCAD provides a convenient infrastructure for network inference and network analysis. It automates series of users' processes by providing data preprocessing tools for various formats of data. It also helps inferring more accurate and reliable bio-networks by providing network inference tools which utilize information from distinct sources. And it can be used to analyze and validate the inferred bio-networks using information fusion tools.ope
Temperature Effect on Forward Osmosis
Forward osmosis, or simply, osmosis, refers to a process by which a solvent moves across a semipermeable membrane due to the difference in the solute concentration established across the membrane. Because of its spontaneous nature, forward osmosis has received immense attention during the last few decades, particularly for its diverse applications, which include municipal wastewater treatment, seawater desalination, membrane bioreactor, potable water purification, food processing, drug delivery, energy generation, and so forth. Of many parameters that determine the performance of the forward osmosis process, the most fundamental factor that impacts performance is temperature. Considering the importance of the temperature on the forward osmosis process, there have been only a limited number of studies about the effect of temperature on the osmosis-driven process. In this chapter, we discuss the temperature effect on the forward osmosis process from two main aspects. First, we provide an extensive and in-depth survey on the currently available studies related to the anisothermal osmosis phenomena. Second, we then discuss a state-of-the-art theoretical framework that describes the anisothermal forward osmosis process that may shed light on achieving an enhanced performance via temperature control
Interpretable Prototype-based Graph Information Bottleneck
The success of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has led to a need for
understanding their decision-making process and providing explanations for
their predictions, which has given rise to explainable AI (XAI) that offers
transparent explanations for black-box models. Recently, the use of prototypes
has successfully improved the explainability of models by learning prototypes
to imply training graphs that affect the prediction. However, these approaches
tend to provide prototypes with excessive information from the entire graph,
leading to the exclusion of key substructures or the inclusion of irrelevant
substructures, which can limit both the interpretability and the performance of
the model in downstream tasks. In this work, we propose a novel framework of
explainable GNNs, called interpretable Prototype-based Graph Information
Bottleneck (PGIB) that incorporates prototype learning within the information
bottleneck framework to provide prototypes with the key subgraph from the input
graph that is important for the model prediction. This is the first work that
incorporates prototype learning into the process of identifying the key
subgraphs that have a critical impact on the prediction performance. Extensive
experiments, including qualitative analysis, demonstrate that PGIB outperforms
state-of-the-art methods in terms of both prediction performance and
explainability.Comment: NeurIPS 202
S-CLIP: Semi-supervised Vision-Language Learning using Few Specialist Captions
Vision-language models, such as contrastive language-image pre-training
(CLIP), have demonstrated impressive results in natural image domains. However,
these models often struggle when applied to specialized domains like remote
sensing, and adapting to such domains is challenging due to the limited number
of image-text pairs available for training. To address this, we propose S-CLIP,
a semi-supervised learning method for training CLIP that utilizes additional
unpaired images. S-CLIP employs two pseudo-labeling strategies specifically
designed for contrastive learning and the language modality. The caption-level
pseudo-label is given by a combination of captions of paired images, obtained
by solving an optimal transport problem between unpaired and paired images. The
keyword-level pseudo-label is given by a keyword in the caption of the nearest
paired image, trained through partial label learning that assumes a candidate
set of labels for supervision instead of the exact one. By combining these
objectives, S-CLIP significantly enhances the training of CLIP using only a few
image-text pairs, as demonstrated in various specialist domains, including
remote sensing, fashion, scientific figures, and comics. For instance, S-CLIP
improves CLIP by 10% for zero-shot classification and 4% for image-text
retrieval on the remote sensing benchmark, matching the performance of
supervised CLIP while using three times fewer image-text pairs.Comment: NeurIPS 202
Prevention of Cross-update Privacy Leaks on Android
Updating applications is an important mechanism to enhance their availability, functionality, and security. However, without careful considerations, application updates can bring other security problems. In this paper, we consider a novel attack that exploits application updates on Android: a cross-update privacy-leak attack called COUPLE. The COUPLE attack allows an application to secretly leak sensitive data through the cross-update interaction between its old and new versions; each version only has permissions and logic for either data collection or transmission to evade detection. We implement a runtime security system, BREAKUP, that prevents cross-update sensitive data transactions by tracking permission-use histories of individual applications. Evaluation results show that BREAKUP’s time overhead is below 5%. We further show the feasibility of the COUPLE attack by analyzing the versions of 2,009 applications (28,682 APKs). © 2018, ComSIS Consortium. All rights reserved.11Ysciescopu
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