Analysis results of rest quadrats. Co-occurrence patterns of ice-rafted dropstones and brachiopods in the Middle Permian Wandrawandian Siltstone of the southern Sydney Basin (southeastern Australia) and palaeoecological implications

Supplementary Material 2: Analysis results of rest quadrat

Original data collection. Co-occurrence patterns of ice-rafted dropstones and brachiopods in the Middle Permian Wandrawandian Siltstone of the southern Sydney Basin (southeastern Australia) and palaeoecological implications

Supplementary Material 1: Original data collectio

Appendix S1. Localities of Kaninospirifer, Fasciculatia, Imperiospira, and Quadrospira with their current- and palaeo-coordinates

Appendix S1. Localities of Kaninospirifer, Fasciculatia, Imperiospira, and Quadrospira with their current- and palaeo-coordinate

Supplementary material

Palaeobiogeographic distribution of Orbiculoidea from Ordovician to Triassi

Appendix S2. Full serial sections of Fasciculatia striatoparadoxa

Appendix S2. Full serial sections of Fasciculatia striatoparadox

Semipermeable Microcapsules with a Block-Polymer-Templated Nanoporous Membrane

Microcapsules with nanoporous membranes can regulate transmembrane transport in a size-dependent fashion while protecting active materials in the core from the surrounding, and are thereby useful as artificial cell models, carriers for cells and catalysts, and microsensors. In this work, we report a pragmatic microfluidic approach to producing such semipermeable microcapsules with precise control of the cutoff threshold of permeation. Using a homogeneous polymerization mixture for the polymerization-induced microphase separation (PIMS) process as the oil phase of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions, a densely cross-linked shell composed of a bicontinuous nanostructure that percolates through the entire thickness is prepared, which serves as a template for a monolithic nanoporous membrane of microcapsules with size-selective permeability. We demonstrate that the nanopores with precisely controlled size by the block polymer self-assembly govern molecular diffusion through the membrane and render manipulation of the cutoff threshold

Tailoring Polymersome Bilayer Permeability Improves Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect for Bioimaging

Self-assembled nanoparticles conjugated with various imaging contrast agents have been used for the detection and imaging of pathologic tissues. Inadvertently, these nanoparticles undergo fast, dilution-induced disintegration in circulation and quickly lose their capability to associate with and image the site of interest. To resolve this challenge, we hypothesize that decreasing the bilayer permeability of polymersomes can stabilize their structure, extend their lifetime in circulation, and hence improve the quality of bioimaging when the polymersome is coupled with an imaging probe. This hypothesis is examined by using poly­(2-hydroxyethyl-<i>co</i>-octadecyl aspartamide), sequentially modified with methacrylate groups, to build model polymersomes. The bilayer permeability of the polymersome is decreased by increasing the packing density of the bilayer with methacrylate groups and is further decreased by inducing chemical cross-linking reactions between the methacrylate groups. The polymersome with decreased bilayer permeability demonstrates greater particle stability in physiological media and ultimately can better highlight tumors in mice over 2 days compared to those with higher bilayer permeability after labeling with a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe. We envisage that the resulting nanoparticles will not only improve diagnosis but also further image-guided therapies

Cylindrical Water Triboelectric Nanogenerator via Controlling Geometrical Shape of Anodized Aluminum for Enhanced Electrostatic Induction

We demonstrate a cylindrical water triboelectric nanogenerator (CW-TENG) that generates sustainable electrical output. The inner surface of the cylinder was patterned into superhydrophobic and hydrophilic parts to control water flow inside the packaged design of CW-TENG. Here, various thicknesses and roughnesses of the superhydrophobic surface, generated using aluminum oxide nanostructures for enhanced electrostatic induction, were measured to obtain the maximum output and superhydrophobicity. Also, we demonstrate the possibility of using a hydrophilic surface for energy harvesting and as a water reservoir in the packaged design

Hybrid Energy Cell for Degradation of Methyl Orange by Self-Powered Electrocatalytic Oxidation

In general, methyl orange (MO) can be degraded by an electrocatalytic oxidation process driven by a power source due to the generation of superoxidative hydroxyl radical on the anode. Here, we report a hybrid energy cell that is used for a self-powered electrocatalytic process for the degradation of MO without using an external power source. The hybrid energy cell can simultaneously or individually harvest mechanical and thermal energies. The mechanical energy was harvested by the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) fabricated at the top by using a flexible polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) nanowire array with diameters of about 200 nm. A pyroelectric nanogenerator (PENG) was fabricated below the TENG to harvest thermal energy. The power output of the device can be directly used for electrodegradation of MO, demonstrating a self-powered electrocatalytic oxidation process

Robust Superhydrophilic/Hydrophobic Surface Based on Self-Aggregated Al₂O₃ Nanowires by Single-Step Anodization and Self-Assembly Method

Superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces were studied with an eye to industrial applications and use as research tools. Conventional methods involve complex and time-consuming processes and cannot feasibly produce large-area three-dimensional surfaces. Here, we report robust and large-area alumina nanowire structures with superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic properties, generated by an inexpensive single-step anodization process that can routinely create arbitrary three-dimensional shapes. This process is expected to open up diverse applications