Effect of Zeolite Speading Frequency in Related to Control Housing Environmental Quality

The research was aimed to investigate the application of zeolite spreading frequency in related to control housing quality. In this study, three aspects of quality were observed namely housing temperature, litter temperature and litter humidity. The result indicated that spreading frequency was only significant effective in controlling litter humidity. Treatment of P3 significantly (

Growth Response And Production Efficiency Of Broiler Chicks Treated By Different Zeolite Spreading Frequency On Litter Base

The objective of this research was to study the growth and efficiency of broiler productivity. The research was conducted through the application of zeolite spreading treatment into the broiler housing in Non-ruminant Research Station of Animal Science Laboratory of Papua State University. Study was arranged by Randomized Sample Design with four treatments: P0 (control; without zeolite spreading); P1 (once time spreading during the research period); P3 (three times application of spreading during the research period); and P5 (five times of spreading or once a week during the research period). The application of zeolite spreading was not significantly influenced the rate growth of broiler, though there is a tendency increasing weight gain along with the increased in zeolite spreading level on the litter base. P3 (three times of zeolite spreading during research) produce the feed efficiency of 0.53. Economically, Income Over Feed Chick and Zeolite Cost (IOFCZC) per head per housing unit with the application of zeolite spreading more demand compared to housing units without spreading treatment

Nutritive Value and the Quality of Ensiled Napier Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum Schum.) and Banana (Musa Acuminata) Peelings

This paper aimed to evaluate the nutritive value and the quality of ensiled Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) and banana (Musa acuminate) peelings. Different levels of banana peeling and Napier grass were used in this study. The levels of Napier grass and banana peeling compared as treatments with four replications were as follows: 100% Napier Grass (NG), 75% (NG) + 25% Banana Peeling (BP), 50%NG + 50%BP, 25%NG + 75% BP and 100%BP. Napier grass and banana peeling were mixed based on the percentage combination as treatments, weighed and placed into empty jam bottle with weights ranging from 64.4 grams to 509.2 grams as a simulated laboratory silo. Samples were stored in eight weeks at the Dairy Training Research Institute. Proximate analyses were done at Animal Nutrition Laboratory Institute of Animal Science while ADF, NDF, IVDMD, and IVOMD were done at the Animal Nutrition Division Laboratory at Dairy Training and Research Institute, UP Los Baños. Physically, the color of silage were light yellow with a little greenish color for 100% napier grass, light to moderately yellow for the three combinations of napier and banana peel and yellow for 100% banana peel. Texture ranged from dry and coarse for napier grass, relatively dry for the combinations and moderately wet for the banana peel. The napier grass had a slightly acidic smell, the combinations had slightly sweet, acidic smell while the 100% banana peel had a sweeter, acidic smell. Likewise, pH before ensiling had ranged from 5.7 (25%NG + 75%BP) to 7.5 ( 100% BP) while after ensiling the pH changed from 4.575 ( 100% napier grass) to 5.75 ( 100% banana peel ). There were significant differences on DM, Moisture, CP, EE, CF, and Ash before ensiling. Similar trend was observed after ensiling except the ash content of all the treatments. ADF and NDF did not show significant variations in all treatments. IVDMD and IVOMD before ensiling varied significantly, but after ensiling only IVDMD of the treatments differed significantly. In terms of physical attributes, nutritive value and digestibility, banana peel can be used as silage material. All treatments generated comparable acceptability when fed to the animal. It is suggested that further study, specifically in vivo trial, will be conducted to validate the feeding and nutritional value of banana peel as alternative silage for ruminants

Composite Polymeric Delivery for Use as a Single Dose Vaccine

Vaccinology in the 21st century is characterized by refinement of Jenner’s principle of protection using less pathogenic organisms with natural or induced reduction of virulence. The approach to the treatment of the new diseases as well as stopping the pandemic from known diseases has generally been reactive, and specific medical interventions have not been available in time to make a substantial impact. Developing better ways to anticipate and modulate the ongoing microbial challenge will be critical for achieving the ability to prevent the spread of diseases. Technical advances in the field of vaccines and understanding the molecular mechanisms of the immune system have provided tools that have made a more proactive approach feasible. There is a necessity for rapid diagnosis, the definition of transmission pathways, availability of antimicrobial agents and predominantly the delivery of these antimicrobial agents to battle the diseases. Traditional vaccines are effective for disease prevention, but they still face various limitations like the requirement of repeated administration to boost immune response, the potential side effects of inflammation and difficulty in the administration to patients which has motivated the use of nanomedicine for vaccine delivery. Nanomedicine can help achieve the long-lasting controlled burst release of vaccines, the capability of co-encapsulating adjuvants or immune modulators for enhanced immune response and targeting to a group of immune cells. New and powerful vaccine technologies, combined with nanotechnologies, could revolutionize vaccines. Controlled drug delivery for small molecule drugs has advanced tremendously in the past few decades that we no longer depend only on the conventional pharmaceutical formulations. The ease of manufacture and the ability to modify the properties of these controlled drug delivery devices will provide an excellent opportunity to use these novel approaches for the delivery of vaccines. The primary goal of this work is to develop a controlled pulsed delivery system which can be utilized as a single dose vaccine, which will help avoid the need for the repeated administration to achieve full and sustained protection. Vaccine release from these devices mainly depends on the way it is incorporated within the delivery device, i.e., encapsulated/entrapped into or merely adsorbed /associated onto the device and the choice of the delivery device (liposomes, polymeric delivery). Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles are preferred devices for controlled release because of ease of manufacturing, high encapsulation efficiencies, tunable properties, and long-term stability. The advantage of nanoparticle formulations against conventional systems is that they might increase the efficacy of treatment as well as reduce side effects due to their specific targeting action. There have been a variety of biodegradable delivery devices that are being studied currently including biodegradable polymers such as poly-(D, L-lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) and polysaccharides such as alginate and chitosan. PLGA has emerged as a promising candidate and is FDA approved for use in sutures in humans for controlled drug delivery. A composite polymeric delivery approach with PLGA and chitosan is used in this work to achieve a pulsed delivery system. In the present work, adenoviral vectors are used as model vaccines which are encapsulated inside biodegradable and biocompatible composite polymeric delivery device produced with PLGA and chitosan. These composite particles are produced using a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation process. Varying process conditions achieve modulation of size and surface properties of these particles. It is possible to modulate the size of the particles in a range of 300nm to 4.5 μm along with changing the distribution of chitosan in the particle. It is demonstrated that adenoviral vector (Ad-eGFP) retained its activity after the encapsulation process. The particles demonstrated a controlled delivery of Ad-eGFP, and it is possible to vary the release kinetics by varying various process parameters. Furthermore, Ad-flu is encapsulated in these composite particles and in vitro and in vivo release behavior is observed. In vivo immune response in mice is checked using the HAI assay. Mechanism of release kinetics is explained using some of the established models. It is observed that the release of the viral vectors from these composites follows Non-Fickian diffusion kinetics. The composite polymeric delivery device developed using PLGA and chitosan shows a promising controlled delivery device for vaccine delivery; they could be further explored by tailoring their properties to achieve a pulsed delivery system. These composite particles can be used as potential candidates to encapsulate various macromolecules like proteins, peptides, and cancer vaccines for the future generation of controlled delivery devices

Unified Multimedia Steganography: AES-Protected Data Concealment

Steganography plays a vital role in secure communication and data protection in the digital realm. This paper explores the integration of Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption with the Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography technique to bolster the security of hidden information in multimedia files. By encrypting data before embedding it using LSB, the content remains unintelligible without the decryption key, regardless of whether the existence of hidden data is detected or not. The proposed system extends the application of LSB steganography with AES encryption to text, images, audio, and video files. Performance evaluation through experiments measures payload capacity and Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) for different media types and levels of data embedding. The results are graphically presented to illustrate the system's effectiveness in concealing information securely within multimedia files

Characterization of Web server workload

Realistic and formal mathematical description of web-server workload forms a fundamental step in the design of synthetic workload generators, capacity planning and accurate predictions of performance measures. In this thesis we perform detailed empirical analysis of the web workload by analyzing access logs of nine web-servers. Unlike most previous work that focused on request-based workload characterization, we analyze both request and session characteristics. We perform rigorous statistical analysis to determine the self-similarity of web traffic and heavy-tailedness of the distribution of different session parameters. Our analysis shows that web traffic is self-similar and the degree of self-similarity is proportional to the workload intensity. To increase the confidence in our analysis we use several methods for estimating the degree of self-similarity and heavy-tailedness. Additionally we point out specific problems associated with these methods. Finally, we analyze the impact of robots sessions on the heavy-tailedness of the distribution

Effect of combination treatment of S–amlodipine with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in Zucker fa/fa rats

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance associated with dyslipidemia and hypertension. The available drugs are not sufficiently efficacious in reducing cardiovascular risk and restoring normal glucose metabolism associated with type 2 diabetes as a mono- or a combination therapy. The present study examined the combined effects of an antihypertensive (S-Amlodipine) and an insulin-sensitizing agent, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists (Pioglitazone and Ragaglitazar), on cardiovascular risk factors in aged diabetic and insulin-resistant Zucker fa/fa rats. METHODS: Following combination treatment for 14 days, blood pressure (BP), serum glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Aortic ring study was conducted to determine the effect of combination treatments on phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction and acetylcholine (Ach)-induced vasorelaxation. RESULTS: In combination, S-Amlodipine and Pioglitazone significantly reduced blood glucose (115.1 ± 6.6 vs. 81.7 ± 4.2), BP (184.4 ± 5.0 vs. 155.1 ± 5.0), serum triglycerides (362.5 ± 47.5 vs. 211.1 ± 23.7) and glucose intolerance when compared with vehicle treated Zucker fa/fa rats. Similar results were observed with the combination of S-Amlodipine and Ragaglitazar (Triglycerides, 362.5 ± 47.5 vs. 252.34 ± 27.86; BP, 184.4 ± 5.0 vs. 159.0 ± 8.0) except for serum glucose. ACh-induced vasorelaxation in aortic rings was also superior with both of the combinations compared to individual treatment. Furthermore, there was less body weight gain and food intake with S-Amlodipine and Pioglitazone combination in Zucker fa/fa rats. S-Amlodipine itself caused significant reduction in glucose (115.1 ± 6.6 vs. 89.7 ± 2.7) and BP (184.4 ± 5.0 vs. 156.1 ± 4.0) with improvement in insulin sensitivity observed through oral glucose tolerance test. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a combination of PPAR agonists and S-Amlodipine has partial benefits in improving the cardiovascular risk factors such as reduction in triglyceride levels, associated with chronic type 2 diabetes, and therefore may be utilized as an approach for addressing some of these devastating metabolic syndrome complications

Analysis of Vertically Oriented Coupled Shear Wall Interconnected with Coupling Beams

The nonlinear static response of a vertically oriented coupled wall subjected to horizontal loading is presented in this research article. The 3 storey vertically oriented coupled wall interconnected with coupling beams is modelled as solid elements in a finite element (FE) software named Abaqus CAE and the steel reinforcement is modelled as a wire element. For simulation of concrete models, a concrete damaged plasticity constitutive model is taken into consideration in this research. Moreover, with the help of concrete damage plasticity parameters, validation of two rectangular planar walls was executed with an error of less than 10 percent. Finally, these parameters are used for modeling and analyzing the static behavior of coupled walls connected with coupling beams. Furthermore, the maximum unidirectional horizontal loading helped in obtaining the compression and tensile damage as well as scalar stiffness degradation. Significantly, the research also found the plastic hinge location in the coupled wall as well as in the coupling beam, which are of utmost importance in nonlinear analysis. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-02-010 Full Text: PD

Subclass of bi-univalent function associated to Chebyshev polynomial

The Chebyshev polynomials are utilized in this study to define the subclass of the bi-univalent function. Also, Chebyshev polynomial bounds and Fekete-Szego inequalities for functions defined in the classes are established.Comment: 7 Page