effect of adding extra virgin olive oil to hair sheep lambs’ diets on productive performance, ruminal fermentation kinetics and rumen ciliate protozoa

Simple Summary: The use of added lipids in the diets of ruminants has been found to have beneficial effects. In this study, the effects of different doses of extra virgin olive oil on the productive traits and ruminal fermentation parameters in lambs were evaluated. The relationship between nutrient intake and digestibility was optimal with 2% oil inclusion. The concentration of propionic acid increased with 2 and 4% DM of olive oil, while butyric acid decreased. The intake of olive oil did not affect the population of protozoa or animal performance. The inclusion of olive oil in low concentrations (2% of DM) positively influences feed intake and nutrient digestibility in hair sheep lambs. Abstract: This study determined productive performance, ruminal fermentation kinetics and rumen ciliate protozoa in hair sheep lambs fed different levels of olive oil. Twenty-four growing lambs were used, with an initial live weight of 10.5 ± 2.9 kg, and randomly assigned into four treatments (six animals per treatment) containing increasing levels of extra virgin olive oil (0, 2, 4 and 6% of dry matter). Animals were fed for 80 days, and sampling was carried out weekly. Intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) differed between treatments (p < 0.05), with a linear and cubic tendency to decrease when oil concentrations were increased. Digestibility coefficients of OM, CP and NDF were not affected; however, the relationship between total intake and nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF, ADF) increased with 2% DM olive oil. Compared with all treatments, the concentration of propionic acid increased by 16% with 4% olive oil. The intake of olive oil did not affect the protozoa population and live weight gain. Overall, the inclusion of olive oil in low concentrations (2% of DM) positively influences feed intake and nutrient digestibility in hair sheep lambs

Pubertad en hembras de cinco razas ovinas de pelo en condiciones de trópico seco

The objective was to evaluate the effect of hair sheep ewe lamb genotype on age and body weight to first corpus luteum and first observed estrous in dry tropic conditions. The study was performed with 94 ewe lambs Pelibuey (25), Blackbelly (12), Dorper (12), Katahdin (23), and Saint Croix (22). Ewe lambs were maintained in rotational grazing for 7 h/d on Cynodon nlemfuensis and were supplemented with 500 g/d of concentrate (16% CP). Endoscopies and lamb weight were recorded every 28 d from 150 d of age. A 6.5 mm diameter endoscope was used to determine the ovarian activity, follicular growth, luteal structures or scars present from the previous cycle. Presence of corpus luteum and first estrous behavior were used as puberty indicators. The data were analyzed with a linear model that included as independent variables breed, lambing season, and lambing type, and as dependent variables, age and weight at puberty, number of follicles, and corpus luteum. The age and weight to first corpus luteum observed were higher (P<0.05) in Dorper ewe lambs (292.3 d; 43.2 kg) and Katahdin (272.6 d; 36.5 kg) than Blackbelly (250.1 d; 24.7 kg), Pelibuey (231.8 d; 27.6 kg), and Saint Croix (252.3 d; 28.5 kg). The onset of puberty in evaluated breeds was 252.5 d of age. The season of birth affected the age (P<0.05), but not the weight of first corpus luteum observed. Ewe lambs born in July-August had 284.7 d of age, but on the other hand, those born in September-October were 266.7 d of age. Single ewe lambs were oldest and heavier (P<0.05) (266.6 d; 34.1 kg) than multiple birth ewes (242.5 d; 28.8 kg). The mean of variables studies were higher, but similar tendencies (P>0.05) were obtained with first estrous behavior, except the effect of birth seasons on live weight. These results demonstrate higher precocity in Pelibuey, Blackbelly, and Saint Croix breeds than Dorper and Katahdin.El objetivo fue estudiar el efecto del genotipo de ovejas de pelo sobre la edad y peso corporal al primer cuerpo lúteo y al primer celo observado en condiciones de trópico seco. Se utilizaron 94 corderas de las razas Pelibuey, Blackbelly, Dorper, Katahdin y Santa Cruz. Las corderas estuvieron en pastoreo rotacional 7 h/d en praderas de Cynodon nlemfuensis y se les ofreció 500 g/d de un alimento con 16% de PC. Las endoscopias se realizaron cada 28 días a partir de los cinco meses de edad monitoreando los ovarios con un endoscopio de 6,5 mm y de manera simultánea se realizó el pesaje corporal. Se utilizaron como criterios de inicio de pubertad la presencia de un cuerpo lúteo y la manifestación del primer celo. Los datos se analizaron con un modelo lineal que incluyó como variables independientes raza, época de nacimiento y tipo de nacimiento y como variables dependientes edad y peso a la pubertad, número de cuerpos lúteos y folículos. La edad y peso al primer cuerpo lúteo detectado fue mayor (P<0,05) en las ovejas Dorper (292,3 d; 43,2 kg) y Katahdin (272,6 d; 36,5 kg) en comparación con Blackbelly (250,1 d; 24,7 kg), Pelibuey (231,8 d; 27,6 kg) y Santa Cruz (252,3 d; 28,5 kg). La edad promedio al primer cuerpo lúteo para los cinco genotipos fue 252,5 d. La época de nacimiento influyó en la edad (P<0,05), pero no en el peso al primer cuerpo lúteo. Las corderas nacidas en el período julio-agosto promediaron 284,7 d, respecto a las nacidas en septiembre-octubre con 266,7 d. Las corderas de nacimiento simple tuvieron mayor edad y peso (P<0,05) (266,6 d; 34,1 kg) que aquellas de nacimiento múltiple (242,5 d; 28,6 kg). Los promedios obtenidos en la variables estudiadas resultaron superiores, pero con tendencias similares (P>0,05) cuando la pubertad se determinó con el primer celo observado, excepto el efecto de la época de nacimiento sobre el peso corporal. Los resultados evidencian mayor precocidad para las razas Pelibuey, Blackbelly y Santa Cruz que para Dorper y Katahdin

The influence of diet supplementation with yeasts and organic minerals over oocyte production of ovarian stimulated ewes

Para producir ovocitos cultivados “in vivo” se estudió la respuesta superovulatoria de ovejas púberes suplementadas con un alimento proteico que contiene levaduras o minerales orgánicos. Dieciocho hembras (7 meses de edad) fueron distribuidas en 3 grupos: TA:1 kg alimento 15% PC+Yea Sacc®, (levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae cepa 1026). Dosis: 5 gr/animal/día+heno ad libitum. TB:1 kg alimento 15% PC+Bioplex Plus®, (cultivo de levaduras vivas y minerales orgánicos). Dosis: 4 gr/animal/día+heno ad libitum. TT:Testigo. 1 kg alimento 15% de PC+heno ad libitum. El estro se sincronizó con esponjas vaginales (40 mg FGA) durante 12d. A los 10d de la inserción de las esponjas se aplicó 225 mg de prostaglandina/oveja. La superovulación se realizó 36h antes de la retirada de las esponjas mediante 100 mg-NIH FSHp y 500 UI eCG en una sola dosis/oveja. 24h de la retirada de las esponjas se aplicaron 100 µg GnRH/oveja. La tasa de ovulación se midió por endoscopia. Los ovocitos se recuperaron del oviducto 48h de la retirada de las esponjas. La TO resultó superior (P<0,05) en los TA y TB (16,6±6,84 y 15,5±4,18), respecto al TT (9,16±3,81). La tasa de recuperación (TR) muestra diferencias (P<0,05) entre el TA (93,9%) respecto a los TB (56,9%) y TT (61,8%). La proporción (P<0,05) de ovocitos de calidad 1 en el TA respecto a los TB y TT fue mayor. En conclusión, la adición de levaduras en la dieta favorece la respuesta a un tratamiento de estímulo superovulatorio en ovejas púberes incrementando la tasa de ovulación y calidad de los ovocitos.77 - 82BimestralThe superovulatory response of pre-pubertal or pubertal ewes fed with protein suplement that contained yeast or organic minerals was evaluated in order to obtain “in vivo” maturated oocytes. Eighteen females (7 months of age) were allocated to one of the following treatment and fed as follow: Treatment A (TA): 1 kg food with 15% PC+Yea sacc® (yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae stump 1026), dose: 5 gr/animal/day and hay ad libitum. Treatment B (TB): 1 kg food with 15% PC+Bioplex Plus® (Cultivation of live yeasts and organic minerals), dose: 4 gr/animal/day and hay ad libitum. Treatment C (TT: Control): 1 kg food with 15% PC and hay ad libitum. The estrous cycle was synchronized through the insertion of vaginal sponges with 40 mg of fluorogestone acetate (FGA) during 12 days. At day 10^th of the sponges insertion 225 mg of prostaglandin F_á was administered per ewe. To induce supra-ovulation 100 mg-NIH FSHp and 500 UI eCG in a single dose were applied 36 h before the withdrawal of the sponges, and 24 h from the last application 100 µg of GnRH was also injected. The ovulation rate was measured by endoscopy and ovulated oocytes collected by flushing. The total of ovulation (TO) was greater in the TA and TB (16.6±6.84 and 15.5±4.18) treatment, than on the control TT (9.16±3.81) (P<0.05). The oocyte recovery (TR) after flashing was significantly higher in the TA (93.9%) treatment compared to TB (56.9%) and TT (61.8%). Finally, the proportion (P<0.05) of grade I oocytes in the diet supplementation in TA was in higher than the quality of oocytes in the TB and TT treatment. In conclusion, the addition of with yeasts, to supra-ovulated prepubertal ewes promotes ovulation rate and oocytes quality

Use of mulberry foliage (morus alba) or cayenne (hibiscus rosa-sinensis) in feeding lactating rabbit and its effect on the productivity

El precio de los insumos empleados en la elaboración del alimento balanceado ha experimentado un aumento constante, lo que encarece la producción de carne de conejo. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron medir el efecto de la sustitución parcial del concentrado comercial en conejas lactantes con follaje fresco de morera o cayena sobre la producción de leche y el crecimiento de los gazapos, así como su factibilidad económica. Se utilizaron 35 conejas primerizas distribuidas según un diseño de bloques al azar, con arreglo factorial de tratamientos 3x2 + 1 (n=5), los factores fueron: cantidad de alimento concentrado proporcionado (CC: 200; 160 y 120 g d–1) y dos follajes [morera (M) o cayena (C) a libre acceso] y un control con CC a libre acceso. El peso de las conejas al parto fue similar (P>0,05), mientras que al destete fue mayor (P<0,05) en las conejas del grupo CC con respecto a las que consumieron follaje (3,05 vs 2,98 y 3,17 vs. 2,94 kg, respectivamente). El cambio de peso durante la lactancia fue similar (P>0,05) con respecto al tipo de follaje proporcionado, pero éste fue diferente (P<0,05) con relación a la cantidad de CC proporcionado con +58a, -65ab y -123b, para 200; 160 y 120 g d–1, respectivamente. El peso individual de los gazapos al destete fue afectado por el número de gazapos amamantados y los kg destetados por coneja fueron menores (P<0,05) en aquellas que recibieron solamente 120 g de C al día. El consumo de M fue mayor (P<0,05) con respecto a CC (156 vs. 127 g d–1). Por lo que es factible sustituir el 40% del consumo de CC en la alimentación de conejas lactantes con follaje de M o C en fresco sin que se afecte la respuesta productiva durante la lactancia, con un ahorro cercano al 40% con respecto a los costos variables.126-133roberto.sangines@itconkal.edu.mxBimestralCommodities costs used in animal feed production have steadily increased, which raise the price of rabbit meat production. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effects of partial substitution of commercial concentrate by fresh mulberry leaves or cayenne on milk production and growth of kits. In addition the economic feasibility of this practice was measured. Thirty five female rabbits were used in a randomized block design with a factorial arrangement of treatments 3x2 + 1 (n = 5), factors one consisted of feed concentrate (CC: 200, 160 and 120 g d–1) and the other factor consisted of two type of foliages (mulberry (M) or cayenne (C) ad libitum) and a CC control to free access. The weight of rabbit at parity was similar (P>0.05) in all rabbits while weaning was higher (P<0.05) in the CC group rabbits regarding those consuming foliage (3.05 and 3.17 vs. 2.98 vs. 2.94 kg, respectively). The weight change during lactation was similar (P>0.05) in rabbits feed in either type of foliage, but difference was observed (P<0.05) in weight change of rabbis feed on different amount of CC with 58a, -65ab and -123b g during lactation, for 200, 160 and 120 g d–1 of CC, respectively. The individual weight of kits at weaning was affected by quantity of suckled kits and produced kg weaned per female rabbit. Individual weight was lower (P<0.05) in female rabbits fed only 120 g daily CC. In general, mulberry intake was higher (P<0.05) compared to that of cayenne (156 vs. 127 g d–1). In conclusion, it is possible to replace 40% of the use of CC in feeding lactating rabbits by mulberry leaves or fresh rose of chine without affecting the productivity of female rabbit during lactation. This good represent 40% saving in variable costs

Rabbit feeding with mulberry (morus alba) or rose of china (hisbicus rosa-sinensis) and its effect on the growth and reproductive tract morphology

El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la sustitución parcial del alimento balanceado comercial por morera o cayena, sobre el crecimiento de conejos y su tracto reproductor. Se utilizaron 20 gazapos de 35 días de edad distribuidos en cinco tratamientos (n=4): alimento balanceado (AB); 60% alimento balanceado + morera (60AB+M); 60% alimento balanceado + cayena (60AB+Cay); 40% alimento balanceado + morera (40AB+M) y 40% alimento balanceado + cayena (40AB+ Cay). La alimentación se proporcionó hasta el sacrificio (7 meses de edad). La ganancia diaria de peso mostró una tendencia cúbica (Y = 19,35 + 0,438x - 0,00787x2 + 0,000027x3), se incrementó de 18,3 ± 4,3 gd–1 en la primera semana postdestete a 27,2 ± 7,9 gd–1 en la quinta semana, e inferior a los 20 gd–1 después de las 13 semanas de edad, y menor a 8 gd–1 después de las 20 semanas de edad. Los parámetros de Gompertz de la curva de crecimiento mostraron diferencias (P<0,05), a = 3633a; 2893b; 3258ab; 3148ab y 2887b; Xc = 65,2; 55,6; 64,6; 60,4 y 59,6; k = 0,0217bc; 0,0304a; 0,0175c; 0,0259ab y 0,0284ab, para AB, 60AB+M, 60AB+Cay, 40AB+M y 40AB+Cay, respectivamente. El peso del pene, testículos y epidídimos fue similar y no se pudieron detectar diferencias (P>0,10) debido a la elevada variabilidad dentro de tratamientos. La inclusión de morera y cayena en la dieta de conejos en crecimiento puede sustituir hasta un 60% el alimento balanceado comercial sin afectar la tasa de crecimiento y no produce alteraciones macroscópicas en los principales órganos reproductores de conejos machos.509 - [email protected] objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of commercial concentrate mulberry and rose of china on the growth of rabbits and changes in the reproductive tract. Twenty baby rabbits were used with 35 days of age allotted to five treatments: balanced food (AB), 60% concentrate + mulberry (60AB + M), 60% concentrate + rose of china (60AB + Cay), 40% concentrate + mulberry (40AB + M), 40% concentrate + rose of china (40AB + Cay). Feeding was provided to slaughter (7 month old). The daily weight gain showed a cubic trend (Y = 19.35 + 0.438x – 0.00787x2 + 0.000027x3), increased from 18.3 ± 4.3 gd–1 in the first week after weaning to 27.2 ± 7.9 gd–1 in the fifth week, and less than 20 gd–1 after 13 weeks of age and less than 8 gd–1 after 20 weeks of age. Gompertz parameters of the growth curve showed significant differences (P<0.05), a = 3633a, 2893b, 3258ab, 3148ab and 2887b; Xc = 65.2, 55.6, 64.6, 60.4 and 59.6, k = 0.0217bc, 0.0304a, 0.0175c, 0.0259ab and 0.0284ab, for AB, 60AB+M, 60AB+Cay, 40AB+M and 40AB+Cay, respectively. The weight of the penis, testicles and epididymis was similar (P>0.10) due to the high variability within treatments. The inclusion of mulberry and rose of china in the diet of growing rabbits can replace up to 60% commercial concentrate without affecting the growth rate and does not produce gross changes in the major reproductive organs of male rabbits

Ewe and lamb pre-weaning performance of Pelibuey and Katahdin hair sheep breeds under humid tropical conditions

Pre-weaning is an important stage in sheep production systems focussed on meat production. In this stage, maternal ability has a key role in lamb development and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of breed and litter size at birth on the ewe and lamb pre-weaning performance under tropical conditions. The lambs and their dams were managed in a feedlot system during 56 days in individual pens. Milk production was estimated weekly by the weight-suck-weight method. Daily milk production (DMY), total milk production (TMY), body weight change during the lactation (BWC), litter weaning weight (LWW) and ewe weaning efficiency (EE) were estimated as ewe pre-weaning performance; and, birth weight, weaning weight at 56 days and average daily gain were estimated as lamb pre-weaning performance. Katahdin ewes produced more TMY than Pelibuey ewes (p < .001) but ewes from both breeds had similar overall LWW and EE. Pelibuey ewes had a more negative BWC than Kathadin ewes (p < .05). Katahdin lambs had greater birth weights (p < .05), but similar pre-weaning growth and live weight at weaning compared with Pelibuey lambs. Litter size effect was significant for all the traits except for BWC in both breeds. Compared to Katahdin twin-born lambs, Pelibuey twin-born lambs were lighter at birth but of similar weight at weaning. Litter size is an important factor conditioning pre-weaning performance of ewes and lambs of Pelibuey and Katahdin breeds under humid tropical conditions.Highlights Some indicators of ewe and lamb pre-weaning performance of Pelibuey and Katahdin hair sheep under tropical conditions were evaluated. The Katahdin ewes produced more milk than Pelibuey ewes, yet ewes from both breeds had similar litter weaning weight. Litter size is an important factor determining pre-weaning performance in Pelibuey and Katahdin hair sheep breeds under humid tropical conditions

Unión Ibero-Americana, Año XXXI, Núm. 5

51 páginasTEXTO: La Fiesta de la Raza para 1917.- Carta circular.- A EI Salvador.- El Tratado Chamorro-Bryan, por José Umaña Bernal.- La hora suprema de la raza.- Bolivia y su nuevo Gobierno: ¿Qué conceptos tenemos de América? por Alfredo Sanginés G.- El Cristo de Velázquez, por Marco Astenia.- Un aniversario y una idea: Para el Sr. Emilio de Mota, por el Caballero de la Luna.- Estudios americanos: A don Faustino Rodríguez San Pedro, por Cecilio Báez.- Panamá y el idioma castellano: Ley por la cual se dictan algunos medidas para la conservación del idioma castellano.- Progresos de cultura femenina: Entre España y América, por Melchora Herrero.- Medios prácticos de un acercamiento estrecho entre España y la América española, por Luis Felipe Contardo,-Centroamérica intelectual, por Rafael García Escovar.- Episodios históricos salvadoreños, por Francisco A. Funes G.- Noticias de España: Los tranvías aéreos.- La colonización española, según las leyes de Indias, fue la más humanitaria, por Olegario Sáez.- Libros nacionales y extranjeros, por R. García Moreno.- Anales de la escena española, por Narciso Díaz de Escovar.- Catálogo de exportadores españoles