NMR Determination of an Incommensurate Helical Antiferromagnetic Structure in EuCo2As2

We report $^{153}$Eu, $^{75}$As and $^{59}$Co nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results on EuCo$_2$As$_2$ single crystal. Observations of $^{153}$Eu and $^{75}$As NMR spectra in zero magnetic field at 4.3 K below an antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering temperature $T_{\rm N}$ = 45 K and its external magnetic field dependence clearly evidence an incommensurate helical AFM structure in EuCo$_2$As$_2$. Furthermore, based on $^{59}$Co NMR data in both the paramagnetic and the incommensurate AFM states, we have determined the model-independent value of the AFM propagation vector ${\bf k}$ = (0, 0, 0.73 $\pm$ 0.07)2$\pi$/$c$ where $c$ is the $c$ lattice parameter. Thus the incommensurate helical AFM state was characterized by only NMR data with model-independent analyses, showing NMR to be a unique tool for determination of the spin structure in incommensurate helical AFMs.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.

EuCo2P2: A Model Molecular-Field Helical Heisenberg Antiferromagnet

The metallic compound EuCo2P2 with the body-centered tetragonal ThCr2Si2 structure containing Eu spins 7/2 was previously shown from single-crystal neutron diffraction measurements to exhibit a helical antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure below TN = 66.5 K with the helix axis along the c axis and with the ordered moments aligned within the ab-plane. Here we report crystallography, electrical resistivity, heat capacity, magnetization and magnetic susceptibility measurements on single crystals of this compound. We demonstrate that EuCo2P2 is a model molecular-field helical Heisenberg antiferromagnet from comparisons of the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility chi, high-field magnetization and magnetic heat capacity of EuCo2P2 single crystals at temperature T < TN with the predictions of our recent formulation of molecular field theory. Values of the Heisenberg exchange interactions between the Eu spins are derived from the data. The low-T magnetic heat capacity ~ T^3 arising from spin-wave excitations with no anisotropy gap is calculated and found to be comparable to the lattice heat capacity. The density of states at the Fermi energy of EuCo2P2 and the related compound BaCo2P2 are found from the heat capacity data to be large, 10 and 16 states/eV per formula unit for EuCo2P2 and BaCo2P2, respectively. These values are enhanced by a factor of ~2.5 above those found from DFT electronic structure calculations for the two compounds. The calculations also find ferromagnetic Eu-Eu exchange interactions within the ab-plane and AFM interactions between nearest- and next-nearest planes, in agreement with the MFT analysis of chi{ab}(T < TN).Comment: 20 pages, 17 figures, 3 tables, 46 references. This is an extended replacement of arXiv:1512.02958 with an additional coautho

A study to assess the effectiveness of therapeutic back massage in promotion of sleep and reduction of pain among post CABG patients admitted in Sree Mookambika Medical College Hospital, Kulasekharam

INTRODUCTION: Sleep and rest are human needs essential to all individual physical and physiological wellbeing. Pain, stress anxiety, and sleep disorders are common after surgery. Poor level of sleep on the post operative period may be due to several factors including pain from surgical incision, presence of thoracic drain, pain caused by prolonged time in bed, and high anxiety levels. Massage therapy (MT) is a technique that promotes the manual mobilization of several structures from both muscle and subcutaneous tissue, by applying mechanical force to tissues. This mobilization improves lymph movement and venous return, reduces swelling, and mobilizes muscle fibers, tendons and skin. Thus, massage therapy may be used to promote muscle relaxation and to reduce pain, stress and anxiety, which help patients improve their level of sleep and speed the recovery. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of therapeutic back massage in promotion of sleep and reduction of pain among post CABG patients in experimental group. HYPOTHESES: H1- There is a significant improvement on level of sleep among post CABG patients in experimental group than in control group. H2-There is a significant reduction in the level of pain among post CABG patients in experimental group than in control group. H3-There is significant association between the level of sleep and the selected demographic variables like age, sex, number of post op days, habits, duration of sleep, bed time rituals H4- There is a significant association between level of pain and the selected demographic variables like age, sex, number of post op days, duration of sleep, habits, bed time rituals. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The researcher adopted a quantitative approach with two group pre test and post test design .The study was conducted among 60 clients admitted in Sree Mookambika Medical College Hospital, Kulasekharam. In this study, independent variable is therapeutic back massage applied to post operative patients who had undergone CABG and dependent variable is level of sleep and level of sleep. The subjects were selected by purposive sampling technique 30 were allotted in Experimental group and 30 in Control group. For experimental group therapeutic back massage was given for 20 minutes for 3 days .whereas control group received routine nursing care.post test was conducted after back massage in experimental and control group by using sleep diary and surgical pain scale. The collected data were analyzed based on the above mentioned objectives using the descriptive and inferential statistics. STUDY FINDINGS: The study identified that the level of sleep was improved in the experimental group than the control group. It was found that there was a significantly improvement in the level of sleep among clients in experimental group after therapeutic back massage than in the control group. The ‘t’ value compared for the same also reveal significant difference t= 14.22 [p<0.05]. The study identifies that the level of pain was reduced in the experimental group than the control group. It was found that there was a significantly reduction in the level of Pain among clients in experimental group after therapeutic back massage than in the control group. The mean reduction of experimental group was statistically significant The ‘t’ =10.63. The mean reduction of control group was not statistically significant The ‘t’=1. CONCLUSION: The researcher found that Therapeutic back massage very much effective nursing intervention in improving level of sleep and reduction of pain among post CABG patients. Patient satisfaction is very much higher in this intervention. There is no side effects of therapeutic back massage when comparing with other pharmacological treatment

Antiferromagnetism in semiconducting SrMn2Sb2 and BaMn2Sb2 single crystals

Crystals of SrMn 2 Sb 2 and BaMn 2 Sb 2 were grown using Sn flux and characterized by powder and single-crystal x-ray diffraction, respectively, and by single-crystal electrical resistivity ρ , heat capacity C p , and magnetic susceptibility χ measurements versus temperature T , and magnetization versus field M ( H ) isotherm measurements. SrMn 2 Sb 2 adopts the trigonal CaAl 2 Si 2 -type structure, whereas BaMn 2 Sb 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal ThCr 2 Si 2 -type structure. The ρ ( T ) data indicate semiconducting behaviors for both compounds with activation energies of ≳ 0.35 eV for SrMn 2 Sb 2 and 0.16 eV for BaMn 2 Sb 2 . The χ ( T ) and C p ( T ) data reveal antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering at T N = 110 K for SrMn 2 Sb 2 and 450 K for BaMn 2 Sb 2 . The anisotropic χ ( T ≤ T N ) data also show that the ordered moments in SrMn 2 Sb 2 are aligned in the hexagonal a b plane, whereas the ordered moments in BaMn 2 Sb 2 are aligned collinearly along the tetragonal c axis. The a b -plane M ( H ) data for SrMn 2 Sb 2 exhibit a continuous metamagnetic transition at low fields 0 \u3c H ≲ 1 T, whereas BaMn 2 Sb 2 exhibits no metamagnetic transitions up to 5.5 T. The χ ( T ) and C p ( T ) data for both SrMn 2 Sb 2 and BaMn 2 Sb 2 indicate strong dynamic short-range AFM correlations above their respective T N up to at least 900 K within a local-moment picture, corresponding to quasi-two-dimensional magnetic behavior. The present results and a survey of the literature for Mn pnictides with the CaAl 2 Si 2 and ThCr 2 Si 2 crystal structures show that the T N values for the CaAl 2 Si 2 -type compounds are much smaller than those for the ThCr 2 Si 2 -type materials

Drug utilisation pattern in dermatology outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Skin is the part of integumentary system that constitutes the largest organ of human body and thus it is exposed to injury by various extrinsic and intrinsic factors. The skin disorders have serious detrimental effect on quality of life of the general population. The present study was planned to define the prescription pattern in terms of rationality, drug interactions and financial burden of disease to the individual. Also, in the identification of problems related to drug use such as poly-pharmacy and drug-drug interaction.Methods: The present study was conducted in the male and female out-patient Department of Dermatology at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Hyderabad, Telangana over a period of two months. Prescriptions of 400 patients were analyzed i.e. 200 each were taken from the male and female OPD patients. An observational and cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study.Results: Prescriptions of 400 patients were analyzed. The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.73 in male OPD and 3.59 in female OPD. The percentage of generic drugs prescribed was 84.13% in male OPD and 77.3% in female OPD, drugs prescribed by brand name was 15.82% in male OPD and 22.7% in female OPD. Antihistamines were the most commonly prescribed drugs followed by antibacterial in female OPD and antifungals in male OPD.Conclusions: Prescription of maximum drugs was by their generic name and was dispensed free of cost to the patients from the hospital pharmacy. Almost all the drugs prescribed as oral formulation were present in the NLEM, India 2011. Whereas some topical formulations prescribed are not present in the NLEM. Therefore, were prescribed by trade name. Regular educational interventions like sensitization on pharmacovigilance may further promote rational prescribing