A study of antimicrobial properties of fabric treated with silane and N-halamine complex

The Dimethyl hydantoin (DMH) – Isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane adduct was prepared and applied onto the fabric using pad – dry – pad – dry – cure method. The treated fabric is then chlorinated using NaOCl (6% and 10%) to impart the antimicrobial properties. The treated fabric surface and the chlorine percentage present at the surface of the fabric are evaluated using SEM- EDX and peak of NCO was determined using FTIR analysis. The fabrics were tested for antimicrobial properties using ATCC 2695 gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and ATCC 8739 gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli. The treated samples provided very good antimicrobial properties even after three vigorous soap washings. The fabric durability properties such as tensile strength, abrasion resistance, and stiffness and comfort properties such as thermal resistance and evaporative resistance were also measured

Corporate Environmental Disclosures on the Internet: an Empirical Analysis of Indian Companies

The impact of industrialization, on natural resources, human health and environment was notclear till 1960s. Rachel Carson for the first time in 1962 raised important questions about humanimpact on nature in her book, Silent Spring. With the growing awareness towards sustainabledevelopment, industries and corporations have a major role in environmental degradationand protection thereof. In the past, accounting theories emphasized primarily on financial performance.This awareness on sustainable development is visible through varied environmentalmanagement mechanisms practiced amongst companies across the world. Environmental concernsare addressed by corporate giants through identification and estimation of environmentalcosts, benefits, investments, assets and liabilities into main stream accounting and reportingpractices, for varied managerial decisions. These focused environmental efforts have sharpenedand improved the global reporting standards. In India, the incorporation of environmentalcosts and benefits into mainstream financial reporting is at its nascent stage at present - but it iscertain to grow. Indian companies have not yet developed a holistic approach to environmentalreporting, as there is lack of environmental reporting guidelines. On the other hand environmentalawareness among Indian stakeholders gets strengthened with advancement in communicationtechnology. High propensity of environmental awareness ensures a more cautious approachamong Indian corporations to be environmentally responsible. With the advancementof information and communications technologies, global corporate information disclosureshave been on rise through the medium of internet, as confirmed by various recent national andinternational surveys. This research has observed that Indian companies follow diverse reportingpractices on the internet viz., stand alone environmental reporting (satellite accounts) orreporting along with the Annual/Financial Reports, or Sustainability Reporting. Copyright © www.iiste.or

AI-augmented stabilized finite element method

An artificial intelligence-augmented Streamline Upwind/Petrov-Galerkin finite element scheme (AiStab-FEM) is proposed for solving singularly perturbed partial differential equations. In particular, an artificial neural network framework is proposed to predict optimal values for the stabilization parameter. The neural network is trained by minimizing a physics-informed cost function, where the equation's mesh and physical parameters are used as input features. Further, the predicted stabilization parameter is normalized with the gradient of the Galerkin solution to treat the boundary/interior layer region adequately. The proposed approach suppresses the undershoots and overshoots in the stabilized finite element solution and outperforms the existing neural network-based partial differential equation solvers such as Physics-Informed Neural Networks and Variational Neural Networks.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures and 8 table

Determinants of anaemia among adolescent girls in rural Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh

Background: India is home to 253 million adolescents 10-19 years of age, among the largest cohorts globally. This age group comprises of individuals in a transient phase of life requiring nutrition, education, counselling and guidance to ensure their development into healthy adults. Adolescent girls are the most vulnerable group of population due to different reasons especially anaemia. Anaemia is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among adolescent girls (10-19 years) in rural Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Methods: The present study was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among 369 adolescent girls in rural Varanasi with a semi-structured and pretested questionnaire. Results: Study shows that the overall prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls was 67.8% out of which 41.5% and 24.4% were mild and moderately anaemic respectively. Anaemia was significantly associated with age groups, birth order, menarche status, no. of days of menstruation, gap between two cycles, use of clothes/sanitary pads and no. of pads used during menstrual cycle. Conclusions: Study found some preliminary factors significantly associated with anaemia like low socio-economic status, higher birth order, and knowledge about menstrual hygiene practices. Anaemia continues to be a major public health problem in India despite multiple initiatives to address it among adolescent girls

Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antifungal efficacy of Chitosan as endodontic irrigant against Enterococcus Faecalis and Candida Albicans Biofilm formed on tooth substrate

Bacterial biofilms formed on the root canal wall are often difficult to remove. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and antibacterial efficacy of chitosan when used as root canal irrigant against E. Faecalis and Candida albicans biofilm formed on tooth substrate. The present study evaluated antibacterial effect of 0.25% Chitosan, 0.5% Chitosan, 2% chlorhexidine and 3% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida Albicans. Agar-well diffusion methods, minimal inhibitory concentration tests and biofilm susceptibility assays were used to determine antibacterial activity. Teeth specimens were sectioned to obtain a standardized tooth length of 12mm. Specimens were inoculated with 10 mL of the freshly prepared E. Faecalis suspension and Candida albicans for 4 weeks. The specimens were then instrumented with ProTaper rotary files F3 size. After irrigation with test solution, three sterile paper points were placed into one canal, left for 60 s and transferred to a test tube containing 1 mL of reduced transport fluid. The number of CFU in 1 mL was determined. 3-week biofilm qualitative assay showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth with 3% Sodium hypochlorite, 2% Chlorhexidine and Chitosan except saline, which showed presence of bacterial growth. Significant reduction of colony forming units (CFU)/mL was observed for the chitosan groups and the antibacterial activity of the chitosan groups was at par with 3% NaOCl and 2% Chlorhexidine. It was observed that the chitosan showed no cytotoxicity at 3mg/ml and 10% cytotoxicity at 6mg/ml. The use of chitosan as a root canal irrigant might be an alternative considering the various undesirable properties of NaOCl and chlorhexidine

Invasive prenatal diagnostic procedures: a developing countries’ perspective

Background: Antenatal procedures are effective prenatal diagnostic tool for detection of fetal disorders. They have been practiced since time long, still in developing countries like India they are yet to find a place. Here, we report our experience with antenatal procedures from a single medical centre, focusing on the indications and outcome of invasive prenatal procedures.Methods: This is retrospective observational study was conducted on pregnant women presenting at Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences; Lucknow, India between July 2009 and September 2013 was conducted. The data were analyzed to find out the indications, gestational age, complications and outcome of diagnostic prenatal testing.Results: Antenatal diagnostic procedures include amniocentesis, chorionic villous sampling, cordocentesis, vesicocentesis and paracentesis. There were 473 total number of procedures done during this period, of which 53 (11.2%) were CVS, 315 (66.5%) were amniocentesis, 72 (15.2%) were cordocentesis, 21(4.4%) were vesicocentesis and 7 (1.4%) were paracentesis. Out of total procedures 47 (9.9%) procedures results were abnormal while 426 had normal results. In abnormal result group, 24 patients (51%) were of gestational age of less than or equal to 20 weeks. All those with lethal / major malformation underwent termination of pregnancy where gestational age of less than 20 weeks.Conclusions: With appropriate prenatal invasive test were able to prevent birth of affected fetus which is of huge importance considering the patients who give birth to abnormal babies only to see them suffering and frequently dying also. Prenatal invasive test were able to prevent this psychological, mental as well as physical trauma in these patients

Effect of EndoActivator and Er,Cr:YSGG laser activation of Qmix, as final endodontic irrigant, on sealer penetration: a confocal microscopic study

Through chemomechanical debridement of the root canal is a primary requisite for successful endodontic therapy. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of using QmiX alone, QmiX with EndoActivator and QmiX with Er,Cr:YSGG laser for final irrigation on sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules. 75 extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were treated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation. The samples were divided into 5 groups according to the final irrigation solution used: (1) 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl, (2) QmiX (3) QmiX with Er,Cr:YSGG laser and (4) QmiX with EndoActivator (5) 2.5%NaOCl. All teeth were obturated using cold lateral condensation technique with gutta percha and AH 26 sealer (Dentsply; DeTrey,Konstanz, Germany) labeled with Rhodamine B dye. The teeth were sectioned at distances of 2 and 5 from root apex. Total percentage and maximum depth of sealer penetration were measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results of one way Anova analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the percentage and depth of sealer penetration among all groups at 3 and 5 mm level sections (P < .05). Within the groups maximum sealer penetration was recorded for Er,Cr:YSGG laser activated group. Greater depth of sealer penetration was recorded at 5mm as compared to 3mm in all the groups. Activation of QMix using EndoActivator and Er,Cr:YSGG laser enhanced the sealer penetration at apical and middle third. Thus Er,Cr:YSGG laser and EndoActivator may act as an appropriate adjunct during chemomechanical preparation of the root canal

Perception of Investors in Stock Market: A Case Study of Bhopal Region

Investing prudently is an important part of financial security. An Individual is always seeking for such an investment alternatives which give maximum and faster returns. As it is well known fact that more returns is being accompanied by more risk. The one such alternative of these kind i.e. faster returns with more risk is the investment in stock market. It is being observed over a period of time that the individuals are attracting towards stock market due to the liquidity and multifold returns, although the proportion of loss of funds invested by the investors is also very high at some instances. Thus the present study is a small attempt to understand the basic psychology of an Investor towards stock market and other parameters and factors related to it. The study is based on a rational to understand the basic facts and ideologies an investor is carrying about the stock market in general and in specific. For the purpose of this study, Primary data has been gathered from the cross section society of Bhopal region using systematic random sampling. Data has been analyzed with the help of descriptive analysis and regression analysis

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF WOODFORDIA FLORIBUNDA SALISB.

Indian medicinal plants are the essence of Ayurveda and Ayurvedic treatments. When used judicially and clocking with the basic principles they produce miraculous effects. Fire flamed Bush (Woodfordia floribunda salisb), commonly called as Dhavari, Dhataki, belongs to the family Lythraceae. It is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. Dhataki is a deciduous shrub, usually with a much fluted stem, spreading branches, 1-3 m high, rarely up to 7 m, commonly occurring throughout North India, ascending to an altitude of 1,500 m in the Himalayas, but rather scarce in South India. Acharya Charak quoted it among the fermenting agents (Asava yoni) and described under Purisasangrahniya, Mutravirajaniya and Sandhaniya group of drugs. The reported pharmacological activities of Woodfordia floribunda salisb. are antitumor activity, DNA inhibitory activity, immunomodulatory activity, antioxidant activities, antihyperglycemic activity, anti- inflammatory and analgesic properties, antimicrobial activity, hepatoprotective activity, etc. Dhataki is one of the major ingredient of many important formulations used in Ayurvedic system of medicine such as Dhatakyadi taila, Dhatakyadi curna, Pusyanuga curna, Brhat Gangadhara curna, Arvindasava. So this review paper is an attempt of the author to provide details of this medicinal plant Dhataki about its classical references, synonyms, botanical description, phytochemical and pharmacological activity and classical medicinal uses