2,859 research outputs found
Flexibility-assisted heat removal in thin crystalline silicon solar cells
Thin crystalline silicon solar photovoltaics holds great potential for
reducing the module price by material saving and increasing the efficiency by
reduced bulk recombination loss. However, the module efficiency decreases
rather sensitively as the module temperature rises under sunlight. Effective,
inexpensive approach to cooling modules would accelerate large-scale market
adoption of thin crystalline silicon photovoltaics. For effective cooling, we
exploit high flexibility of single-crystalline thin silicon films to create
wavy solar cells. These wavy cells possess larger surface area than
conventional flat cells, while occupying the same projected area. We
experimentally demonstrate that the temperature of thin wavy crystalline
silicon solar cells under the sunlight can be significantly reduced by
increased convective cooling due to their large surface area. The substantial
efficiency gain, achieved by the effective heat removal, points to
high-performance thin crystalline silicon photovoltaic systems that are
radically different in configuration from conventional systems.Comment: 33 pages, 17 figure
A Suspended Nanogap Formed by Field-Induced Atomically Sharp Tips
A sub-nanometer scale suspended gap (nanogap) defined by electric field-induced atomically sharp metallic tips is presented. A strong local electric field (\u3e109 V=m) across micro/nanomachined tips facing each other causes the metal ion migration in the form of dendrite-like growth at the cathode. The nanogap is fully isolated from the substrate eliminating growth mechanisms that involve substrate interactions. The proposed mechanism of ion transportation is verified using real-time imaging of the metal ion transportation using an in situ biasing in transmission electron microscope (TEM). The configuration of the micro/nanomachined suspended tips allows nanostructure growth of a wide variety of materials including metals, metal-oxides, and polymers. VC 2012 American Institute of Physics
GPS-GLASS: Learning Nighttime Semantic Segmentation Using Daytime Video and GPS data
Semantic segmentation for autonomous driving should be robust against various
in-the-wild environments. Nighttime semantic segmentation is especially
challenging due to a lack of annotated nighttime images and a large domain gap
from daytime images with sufficient annotation. In this paper, we propose a
novel GPS-based training framework for nighttime semantic segmentation. Given
GPS-aligned pairs of daytime and nighttime images, we perform cross-domain
correspondence matching to obtain pixel-level pseudo supervision. Moreover, we
conduct flow estimation between daytime video frames and apply GPS-based
scaling to acquire another pixel-level pseudo supervision. Using these pseudo
supervisions with a confidence map, we train a nighttime semantic segmentation
network without any annotation from nighttime images. Experimental results
demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on several nighttime
semantic segmentation datasets. Our source code is available at
https://github.com/jimmy9704/GPS-GLASS.Comment: ICCVW 202
Group V Phospholipase A2 Induces Leukotriene Biosynthesis in Human Neutrophils through the Activation of Group IVA Phospholipase A2
We reported previously that exogenously added human group V phospholipase A2 (hVPLA2) could elicit leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis in human neutrophils (Han, S. K., Kim, K. P., Koduri, R., Bittova, L., Munoz, N. M., Leff, A. R., Wilton, D. C., Gelb, M. H., and Cho, W. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11881-11888). To determine the mechanism of the hVPLA2-induced LTB4 biosynthesis in neutrophils, we thoroughly examined the effects of hVPLA2 and their lipid products on the activity of group IVA cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) and LTB4 biosynthesis under different conditions. As low as 1 nM exogenous hVPLA2 was able to induce the release of arachidonic acid (AA) and LTB4. Typically, AA and LTB4 were released in two phases, which were synchronized with a rise in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) near the perinuclear region and cPLA2 phosphorylation. A cellular PLA2 assay showed that hVPLA2 acted primarily on the outer plasma membrane, liberating fatty acids and lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC), whereas cPLA2 acted on the perinuclear membrane. Lyso-PC and polyunsaturated fatty acids including AA activated cPLA2 and 5-lipoxygenase by increasing [Ca2+]i and inducing cPLA2 phosphorylation, which then led to LTB4 biosynthesis. The delayed phase was triggered by the binding of secreted LTB4 to the cell surface LTB4 receptor, which resulted in a rise in [Ca2+]i and cPLA2 phosphorylation through the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. These results indicate that a main role of exogenous hVPLA2 in neutrophil activation and LTB4 biosynthesis is to activate cPLA2 and 5-lipoxygenase primarily by liberating from the outer plasma membrane lyso-PC that induces [Ca2+]i increase and cPLA2 phosphorylation and that hVPLA2-induced LTB4 production is augmented by the positive feedback activation of cPLA2 by LTB4
Monitoring of multi-frequency polarization of gamma-ray bright AGNs
We started two observing programs with the Korean VLBI Network (KVN)
monitoring changes in the flux density and polarization of relativistic jets in
gamma-ray bright AGNs simultaneously at 22, 43, 86, 129 GHz. One is a
single-dish weekly-observing program in dual polarization with KVN 21-m
diameter radio telescopes beginning in 2011 May. The other is a VLBI
monthly-observing program with the three-element VLBI network at an angular
resolution range of 1.0--9.2 mas beginning in 2012 December. The monitoring
observations aim to study correlation of variability in gamma-ray with that in
radio flux density and polarization of relativistic jets when they flare up.
These observations enable us to study the origin of the gamma-ray flares of
AGNs.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the conference "The innermost
regions of relativistic jets and their magnetic fields", Granada, Spai
Ball Trajectory Inference from Multi-Agent Sports Contexts Using Set Transformer and Hierarchical Bi-LSTM
As artificial intelligence spreads out to numerous fields, the application of
AI to sports analytics is also in the spotlight. However, one of the major
challenges is the difficulty of automated acquisition of continuous movement
data during sports matches. In particular, it is a conundrum to reliably track
a tiny ball on a wide soccer pitch with obstacles such as occlusion and
imitations. Tackling the problem, this paper proposes an inference framework of
ball trajectory from player trajectories as a cost-efficient alternative to
ball tracking. We combine Set Transformers to get permutation-invariant and
equivariant representations of the multi-agent contexts with a hierarchical
architecture that intermediately predicts the player ball possession to support
the final trajectory inference. Also, we introduce the reality loss term and
postprocessing to secure the estimated trajectories to be physically realistic.
The experimental results show that our model provides natural and accurate
trajectories as well as admissible player ball possession at the same time.
Lastly, we suggest several practical applications of our framework including
missing trajectory imputation, semi-automated pass annotation, automated
zoom-in for match broadcasting, and calculating possession-wise running
performance metrics
A scoring system for the follow up study of nuclear receptor coactivator complexes
We have systematically isolated a variety of coactivator complexes from HeLa S3 cells using proteomic approaches. In the present report, we have evaluated twelve coactivator complexes involved in nuclear receptor-dependent gene transcription that have been purified by using an immunoprecipitation method. The twelve purified coactivator complexes are SRC-1, SRC-2, SRC-3, CBP, p300, CAPER, E6-AP, ASC-1, CoREST, CRSP3, CRSP2, and CDK7 containing complexes. We have identified 153 protein components associated with these coactivator complexes using mass spectrometry. In order to systematically characterize the functional roles for these components in nuclear receptor-dependent gene transcription and their investigative potential, we have developed a scoring system. This scoring system is comprised of biological and experimental parameters. The biological evaluation considers aspects such as intrinsic enzymatic activity of a protein component, cellular signaling processes in which protein components may be involved, associations with human disease, specific protein motifs, and the known biological roles of other interacting partners of the identified protein. In the experimental evaluation, we include parameters, such as the availability of research materials for the functional study of the identified protein component; such as full-length cDNA clones, antibodies, and commercially available knock-out embryonic stem (ES) cells. Each scoring parameter has been assigned an arbitrary number of points according to perceived relative importance. On the basis of this scoring system, we prioritized each of the protein components in terms of the likelihood of their importance for coactivator complex networking in nuclear receptor-dependent gene transcription
Magnetic domain-wall motion by propagating spin waves
We found by micromagnetic simulations that the motion of a transverse wall
(TW) type domain wall in magnetic thin-film nanostripes can be manipulated via
interaction with spin waves (SWs) propagating through the TW. The velocity of
the TW motion can be controlled by changes of the frequency and amplitude of
the propagating SWs. Moreover, the TW motion is efficiently driven by specific
SW frequencies that coincide with the resonant frequencies of the local modes
existing inside the TW structure. The use of propagating SWs, whose frequencies
are tuned to those of the intrinsic TW modes, is an alternative approach for
controlling TW motion in nanostripes
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