ANALYSIS AND STUDY ON 47 CASES OF ADVERSE REACTIONS OF CHINESE MEDICINE INJECTION

Background: Along with efficacy, Chinese medicine is increasingly being known to people, Chinese medicine and its preparations are increasingly widespread in clinical use. People generally believe that Chinese medicine has few side effects and is safe, especially Chinese medicine injections. Due to the direct injection in blood, rapid onset and good efficacy, they are welcomed by people. However, with increased use, adverse reactions are increasing, even causing serious consequences. The objective is to learn about the characteristics and laws of the adverse effects of Chinese medicine injections, provide references for the clinical safe drug use, and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions. Materials and Methods: The method was established to analyze the data of 47 cases of adverse reactions caused by Chinese medicine injections in our hospital from the year, 2009 to 2010. Results: The organs / systems involved in the 47 cases of adverse reactions are primarily skin and its accessories and secondly systemic damage, involving a total of eight varieties of drugs. Conclusion: The adverse reactions of Chinese medicine injections are mostly in Chinese patent drugs, which should be paid attention to, to find out the problems and laws, use the drugs rationally, and reduce the incidence of the adverse reactions

Characterization of Soybean STAY-GREEN Genes in Susceptibility to Foliar Chlorosis of Sudden Death Syndrome

Fusarium virguliforme causes sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. This fungal pathogen inhabits soil and produces multiple phytotoxins, which are translocated from infected roots to leaves, causing SDS foliar chlorosis and necrosis (Hartman et al., 2015). Because SDS foliar symptoms are solely induced by phytotoxins, it represents a unique pathosystem to study plant-phytotoxin interactions (Chang et al., 2016). SDS foliar symptoms typically appear near flowering through late reproductive growth stages, with chlorotic spots that gradually develop into interveinal chlorosis and necrosis (Fig. 1A). The sudden appearance of SDS foliar symptoms not only explains the origin of the disease name, but also reflects the difficulty of early detection in managing this disease. Yield reductions caused by SDS have been documented at 5% to15%, and the economic loss was estimated up to $669 million U.S. dollars in a single year (Navi and Yang, 2016). Seed treatments have been used to manage SDS, but performance differs by year and location. Alternatively, partially resistant soybean cultivars provide a sustainable option for SDS management, but the genetic architecture of SDS resistance is quantitative and complicated. Among more than 80 quantitative trait loci reported for SDS, only a few quantitative trait loci are reproducible due to the complexity of SDS etiology and environmental interactions (Chang et al., 2018)

Characterization of Soybean STAY-GREEN Genes in Susceptibility to Foliar Chlorosis of Sudden Death Syndrome

Fusarium virguliforme causes sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. This fungal pathogen inhabits soil and produces multiple phytotoxins, which are translocated from infected roots to leaves, causing SDS foliar chlorosis and necrosis (Hartman et al., 2015). Because SDS foliar symptoms are solely induced by phytotoxins, it represents a unique pathosystem to study plant-phytotoxin interactions (Chang et al., 2016). SDS foliar symptoms typically appear near flowering through late reproductive growth stages, with chlorotic spots that gradually develop into interveinal chlorosis and necrosis (Fig. 1A). The sudden appearance of SDS foliar symptoms not only explains the origin of the disease name, but also reflects the difficulty of early detection in managing this disease. Yield reductions caused by SDS have been documented at 5% to15%, and the economic loss was estimated up to $669 million U.S. dollars in a single year (Navi and Yang, 2016). Seed treatments have been used to manage SDS, but performance differs by year and location. Alternatively, partially resistant soybean cultivars provide a sustainable option for SDS management, but the genetic architecture of SDS resistance is quantitative and complicated. Among more than 80 quantitative trait loci reported for SDS, only a few quantitative trait loci are reproducible due to the complexity of SDS etiology and environmental interactions (Chang et al., 2018).This article is published as Chang, Hao-Xun, Ruijuan Tan, Glen L. Hartman, Zixiang Wen, Hyunkyu Sang, Leslie L. Domier, Steven A. Whitham, Dechun Wang, and Martin I. Chilvers. "Characterization of soybean STAY-GREEN genes in susceptibility to foliar chlorosis of sudden death syndrome." Plant physiology 180 (2019): 711-717. doi:10.1104/pp.19.00046.</p