Drought stress amelioration in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings by biostimulant as regenerative agent

Drought adversely affects many physiological and biochemical events of crops. This research was conducted to investigate the possible effects of biostimulants containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on plant growth parameters, chlorophyll content, membrane permeability (MP), leaf relative water content (LRWC), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), hormone content, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) activity of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings under different irrigation levels. This study was carried out under controlled greenhouse conditions with two irrigation levels (D0: 100% of field capacity and D1: 50% of field capacity) and three biostimulant doses (B0: 0, B1: 4 L ha-1, and B2: 6 L ha-1). The results of the study show that drought stress negatively influenced the growth and physiological characteristics of tomato seedlings while biostimulant applications ameliorated these parameters. Water deficit conditions (50% of field capacity) caused decrease in indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA), salicylic acid (SA), cytokine, zeatin, and jasmonic acid content of tomato seedlings by ratios of 83%, 93%, 82%, 89%, 50%, and 57%, respectively, and shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area decreased by 43%, 19%, 39%, 29%, 20%, 18%, and 50%, respectively, compared to the control (B0D0). In addition, 21%, 16%, 21%, and 17% reductions occurred in LRWC, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll contents with drought compared to the control, respectively. Biostimulant applications restored the plant growth, and the most effective dose was 4 L ha-1 under drought condition. Amendment of biostimulant into the soil also enhanced organic matter and the total N, P, Ca, and Cu content of the experiment soil. In conclusion, 4 L ha-1 biostimulant amendment might be a promising approach to mitigate the adverse effects of drought stress on tomato

Plant Root Enhancement by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

Soil microorganisms perform a variety of functions, some of which are extremely helpful to the maintenance of ecological sustainability. Bacteria thriving in the plant rhizosphere drive plant development through a variety of ways, which are referred to as PGPRs (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria). Despite the fact that there are many different types of PGPRs, their significance and applications in sustainable agriculture are still debated and limited. The performance of PGPRs vary, which might be related to a variety of environmental conditions that impact their development and proliferation in plants. PGPR is a nonpathogenic, friendly bacterium that stimulates plant development by altering hormone concentrations and nutritional needs, as well as mitigating stress-related damage. PGPRs colonize root hairs and lateral roots in plants, where they may exhibit their beneficial characteristics. Rhizobacteria that promote plant development have the ability to control root system architecture (RSA), as well as the vegetative growth and physiology of the entire plant. The generation of hormones like Indole acetic acid (IAA) by PGPR has long been linked to RSA effects. This book chapter reviews the effects of PGPRs on the growth, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics of plant roots as well as the mechanisms involved

Postretansiyon dönemi alt keser bölgesinde gözlenen nüksü etkileyen faktörler

POSTRETANSİYON DÖNEMİ ALT KESER BÖLGESİNDE GÖZLENEN NÜKSÜN ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLEROrtodontinin amaçlarından biri tedavi sonrasında elde edilen düzeltimlerin kalıcılığının sağlanmasıdır. Ortodontik tedaviden sonra elde edilmiş diş diziliminin korunması geçmişten günümüze değin daima bir sorun olmuştur. Tedavi sonrası elde edilen dizilimin bozulmasını (nüksü) açıklamak için çok sayıda hipotez oluşturulmuştur fakat çok azı nüksü açıklamada yeterli olmuştur. Ortodonti pratiğinde başarı, tedavi edilen bireylerin tedavi bitiminden belli bir süre sonra tekrar incelenerek gözlenen değişikliklerin dikkatli bir şekilde değerlendirilmesinden geçmektedir (84).Bu çalışma özellikle alt diş diziliminin, üst çene arkının gelişmesi ve fonksiyon görmesinde bir şablon oluşturduğu düşüncesinden yola çıkarak, alt çene arkını mercek altına almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı tedavi bitiminden uzun süre sonra tedavide elde edilen sonuçların kalıcılığının derecesini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla araştırmaya alınan gruptaki bireylerin, tedavilerinde dental arklar üzerinde elde edilen değişiklikler, takip edilen tedavi yöntemi, pekiştirme tedavisinin etkisi, kontak aşındırmaları, alt kaninlerin pozisyonu, üçüncü molarların etkisi, vertikal yüz tipleri, oklüzal kuvvetin mezial vektörü, kontak sıkılığı incelenerek tedavilerden uzun süre sonra alt çene ön bölgesinde tekrardan oluşan çapraşıklığın miktarı incelenmiştir. Bu geri dönüşü şiddetlendiren olası klinik faktörler ve geri dönüşün önlenebilmesi için alınabilecek önlemler mercek altına alınmıştır.Çalışma grubu Marmara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ortodonti Anabilim Dalı’nda, daha önce tedavi olmuş, ilgili bölümün arşivinde tedavi başında ve sonunda elde edilen kayıtların tamamı mevcut olan hastaladanr oluşturulmuştur. Daha önce tedavi olmuş bu bireylerden yeni alçı model ve radyograflar temin edilmiş, model ve sefalometrik incelemenin yanında klinik muayene yapılmıştır. Tüm bu veriler incelenmiş ve pekiştirme döneminden ortalama 5 yıl sonra kontrol edilen bu bireylerin nüks değerlendirmesinde %31,1 oranında nüks görülmüştür. Çekimli ve çekimsiz tedavi edilen bireylerin geç dönem çapraşıklık miktarı karşılaştırmasında iki grup arasındaki nüks miktarında bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür. Pekiştirme yapılan bireylerde yapılmayanlara kıyasla daha az nüks görülmüştür. Alt kaninleri distobukkal rotasyonlu bitirilen bireylerin nüks miktarı normal pozisyonda bitirilenlerden daha az bulunmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: nüks, uyumsuzluk indeksi, pekiştirme, alt keser bölgesiFACTORS EFFECTİNG POSTRETENTİON CROWDİNG AT LOWER INCİSOR REGİONAn ideal orthodontic treatment should achieve long term stability of the occlusion. To maintain the treatment results of orthodontic treatment has been one of the main problems of the practitioner. There has been lots of researches to explain the causes and risk factors of long term stability and the causes of relapse in the literature but few succeeded to reach to a conclusion. It is thought that the key to successful long term results are to examine the patients carefully with the routine recalls some time after the orthodontic treatment. The mandibular incisor segment has been described as the segment that is most likely to exhibit relapse after orthodontic treatment. Therefore, relapse in this region is a challenge that clinicians need to address. The purpose of this study was to search for the predictors of lower incisor relapse. The changes at dental arches that occur after treatment, the treatment type, the effect of retention protocoles, interproximal stripping, the position of lower canines after treatment, existence of third molars, different types of vertical facial growth, mesial vector of occlusal force, contact thightness are the factors which are assessed in order to address the causes of lower incisor relapse. In addition probable clinical factors that cause relapse and the precautions to prevent the relapse are focused with this study.The samples of this study contains the patients which treated at Marmara University, Dentistry Faculty, Department of Orthodontics earlier and which have all the pretreatment and posttreatment model cast and cephalometric radiograph datas fully. The patients recalled again to get the long term model casts and cephalometric radiographs. During this recall clinical examination of the patients were done and mesial vector of occlusal forces were measured. The period between the end of treatment and the recall is 5 years and the relapse rate among these patients is %31,1. No significant difference was found in the amount of crowding in the comparison of the extraction and nonaxtraction groups after postretention period. Less postretention crowding was found in the group which had retention appliances compared with which did not have. Less postretention crowding was found in the group which lower canines rotated distobuccally at the end of treatment compared with the group which lower canines positioned normally. Key words: relapse, irregularity index, retention, lower incisor

Postretansiyon dönemi alt keser bölgesinde gözlenen nüksü etkileyen faktörler

POSTRETANSİYON DÖNEMİ ALT KESER BÖLGESİNDE GÖZLENEN NÜKSÜN ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLER Ortodontinin amaçlarından biri tedavi sonrasında elde edilen düzeltimlerin kalıcılığının sağlanmasıdır. Ortodontik tedaviden sonra elde edilmiş diş diziliminin korunması geçmişten günümüze değin daima bir sorun olmuştur. Tedavi sonrası elde edilen dizilimin bozulmasını (nüksü) açıklamak için çok sayıda hipotez oluşturulmuştur fakat çok azı nüksü açıklamada yeterli olmuştur. Ortodonti pratiğinde başarı, tedavi edilen bireylerin tedavi bitiminden belli bir süre sonra tekrar incelenerek gözlenen değişikliklerin dikkatli bir şekilde değerlendirilmesinden geçmektedir (84). Bu çalışma özellikle alt diş diziliminin, üst çene arkının gelişmesi ve fonksiyon görmesinde bir şablon oluşturduğu düşüncesinden yola çıkarak, alt çene arkını mercek altına almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı tedavi bitiminden uzun süre sonra tedavide elde edilen sonuçların kalıcılığının derecesini araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla araştırmaya alınan gruptaki bireylerin, tedavilerinde dental arklar üzerinde elde edilen değişiklikler, takip edilen tedavi yöntemi, pekiştirme tedavisinin etkisi, kontak aşındırmaları, alt kaninlerin pozisyonu, üçüncü molarların etkisi, vertikal yüz tipleri, oklüzal kuvvetin mezial vektörü, kontak sıkılığı incelenerek tedavilerden uzun süre sonra alt çene ön bölgesinde tekrardan oluşan çapraşıklığın miktarı incelenmiştir. Bu geri dönüşü şiddetlendiren olası klinik faktörler ve geri dönüşün önlenebilmesi için alınabilecek önlemler mercek altına alınmıştır. Çalışma grubu Marmara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ortodonti Anabilim Dalı’nda, daha önce tedavi olmuş, ilgili bölümün arşivinde tedavi başında ve sonunda elde edilen kayıtların tamamı mevcut olan hastaladanr oluşturulmuştur. Daha önce tedavi olmuş bu bireylerden yeni alçı model ve radyograflar temin edilmiş, model ve sefalometrik incelemenin yanında klinik muayene yapılmıştır. Tüm bu veriler incelenmiş ve pekiştirme döneminden ortalama 5 yıl sonra kontrol edilen bu bireylerin nüks değerlendirmesinde %31,1 oranında nüks görülmüştür. Çekimli ve çekimsiz tedavi edilen bireylerin geç dönem çapraşıklık miktarı karşılaştırmasında iki grup arasındaki nüks miktarında bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür. Pekiştirme yapılan bireylerde yapılmayanlara kıyasla daha az nüks görülmüştür. Alt kaninleri distobukkal rotasyonlu bitirilen bireylerin nüks miktarı normal pozisyonda bitirilenlerden daha az bulunmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: nüks, uyumsuzluk indeksi, pekiştirme, alt keser bölgesi FACTORS EFFECTİNG POSTRETENTİON CROWDİNG AT LOWER INCİSOR REGİON An ideal orthodontic treatment should achieve long term stability of the occlusion. To maintain the treatment results of orthodontic treatment has been one of the main problems of the practitioner. There has been lots of researches to explain the causes and risk factors of long term stability and the causes of relapse in the literature but few succeeded to reach to a conclusion. It is thought that the key to successful long term results are to examine the patients carefully with the routine recalls some time after the orthodontic treatment. The mandibular incisor segment has been described as the segment that is most likely to exhibit relapse after orthodontic treatment. Therefore, relapse in this region is a challenge that clinicians need to address. The purpose of this study was to search for the predictors of lower incisor relapse. The changes at dental arches that occur after treatment, the treatment type, the effect of retention protocoles, interproximal stripping, the position of lower canines after treatment, existence of third molars, different types of vertical facial growth, mesial vector of occlusal force, contact thightness are the factors which are assessed in order to address the causes of lower incisor relapse. In addition probable clinical factors that cause relapse and the precautions to prevent the relapse are focused with this study. The samples of this study contains the patients which treated at Marmara University, Dentistry Faculty, Department of Orthodontics earlier and which have all the pretreatment and posttreatment model cast and cephalometric radiograph datas fully. The patients recalled again to get the long term model casts and cephalometric radiographs. During this recall clinical examination of the patients were done and mesial vector of occlusal forces were measured. The period between the end of treatment and the recall is 5 years and the relapse rate among these patients is %31,1. No significant difference was found in the amount of crowding in the comparison of the extraction and nonaxtraction groups after postretention period. Less postretention crowding was found in the group which had retention appliances compared with which did not have. Less postretention crowding was found in the group which lower canines rotated distobuccally at the end of treatment compared with the group which lower canines positioned normally. Key words: relapse, irregularity index, retention, lower incisor

Relationship of Maxillary First Molar Rotations with Malocclusions and Other Occlusal Variables

The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between the rotation of maxillary first molars and various features of malocclusions. Initial models of 1237 patients were used for this study. Models were evaluated according to dental malocclusion, cross bite, crowding, rotation of upper incisors, canines and premolars, diastemas, and rotation of mandibular molars. 21.7 % of the models had a Class I, 64.8 % Class II, and 13.4 % Class III dental relationship. In Class III cases a significant increase in maxillary molar rotation was observed, followed by Class II and Class I maloclusions. There were increased second maxillary molar rotation values in Class III maloclusions, but no difference between Class II and Class I. Cases with cross bite, only upper crowding, both upper and lower crowding and rotated upper premolars had a significant increase in maxilary molar rotations. On the contrary, cases with canine and incisor rotations and diastemas had significantly less maxillary molar rotations. No relationship was found between mandibular molar rotations and maxillary molar rotations. Although higher rotational values could be expected in Class II malocclusions due to early migration of maxillary molars, the results of the present study support a stronger association with Class III malocclusions. As a result, during treatment planning, especially in Class III malocclusions, correction of molar rotations routinely should be listed as a treatment objective

Alleviation Mechanism of Melatonin in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under the Salt Stress Conditions

Melatonin (MT) is considered to be a hormone involved in increasing tolerance in plants under stress. The effect of different doses (0, 50, and 100 µM) of MT on the growth, biochemical and physiological properties of chickpea under salt stress was investigated. Salt stress significantly suppressed the growth, leaf relative water content (LRWC), chlorophyll reading value (CRV), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll. Salinity conditions also caused a decrease in macro- and micronutrients, while electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and proline contents, catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities increased under salinity conditions. MT treatments increased plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, LRWC, CRV, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, total carotene of chickpea seedlings under 75 and 150 mM NaCl compared to the non-MT treatment. Especially, 100 µM MT treatment under 75 and 150 mM salinity conditions reduced the H2O2 and MDA contents compared to the non-MT-treated plants. Moreover, exogenous MT increased the K+/Na+ and Ca+2/Na+ ratios under salt stress conditions. It could be concluded exogenous MT treatments alleviated the salt stress on chickpea by modulating physiological and biochemical properties. Especially 100 µM MT treatment can be suggested for decreasing the negative influence of salinity on chickpea seedlings

Comparison of hospital-based versus home-based exercise training in patients with heart failure: effects on functional capacity, quality of life, psychological symptoms, and hemodynamic parameters

WOS: 000270323400002PubMed ID: 19641843To compare the effects of home-based and hospital-based exercise programs on exercise capacity, quality of life, psychological symptoms, and hemodynamic parameters in heart failure (HF) patients. Seventy-four patients were randomized into either a hospital-based exercise (Group 1) or a home-based exercise (Group 2) group. Prior to and after the 8-week rehabilitation program, the two groups were compared with respect to their functional capacity [maximal oxygen uptake (pVO(2)) and 6-min walk test (6MWT)], quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study and the 36-item Short Form Survey, SF-36), psychological symptoms [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory], and hemodynamic parameters [(left ventricular diastolic diameter in diastole, left ventricular diameter in systole, Mitral Early diastolic peak flow velocity (E)/late diastolic peak flow velocity (A), Mitral E/Mitral early peak velocity (E (m)), Tei index, right ventricular systolic peak velocity (S (m)), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP), and left and right ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF and RVEF)]. After the exercise programs, significant improvement was observed in pVO(2), 6MWT and subscales of physical function, general health, and vitality of SF 36, as well as BDI and LVEF in both groups (P 0.05). Both the hospital-based and home-based exercise groups improved significantly in functional capacity, quality of life, depression symptoms, and LVEF. Based on these results, we believe that physicians can recommend home-based exercise under strict supervision for stable HF patients. However, additional research should be conducted in this area

An investigation of tinnitus, noise sensitivity and anxiety levels in liver transplantation patients in the early and late periods: A cross-sectional study

This study aims to evaluate the perception of anxiety, tinnitus, and noise sensitivity in liver transplant patients according to early and late periods following transplantation. The study included 76 patients with liver transplantation. They were divided into two groups according to the duration of time after transplantation: early (1-3 years) and late (5 years or more). A demographic data form, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered and used for data collection. There was a statistically significant difference between the early and late-period groups in terms of WNSS and THI scores (p0.05). Noise sensitivity and tinnitus perception of the late-period group were statistically higher than those of the early-period group (p [Med-Science 2023; 12(3.000): 896-901

The Evidence of Occult Hypervolemia; Improvement of Cardiac Functions After Kidney Transplantation

WOS: 000318951100019PubMed ID: 23560874The term cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) has been used to define interactions between acute or chronic dysfunction of the heart or kidney. When primary chronic kidney disease contribute to cardiac dysfunction, it is classified as type 4 CRS. Cardiac dilatation, valve regurgitations, and left ventricular dysfunction are observed in end-stage renal failure patients with uremic cardiomyopathy. Because of perioperative risks in these patients, they may not be considered a candidate for kidney transplantation. However, uremic cardiomyopathy can be corrected when volume control is achieved by appropriate dose and duration of ultrafiltration. By presenting two cases with occult hypervolemia in uremic cardiomyopathy whose cardiac functions improved early after kidney transplantation, attention is drawn to the importance of kidney transplantation on cardiac function in such patients primarily and the importance of strict volume control on cardiac function in dialysis patients waiting for kidney transplantation