THE DECISION OF GOING PUBLIC – WHEN, WHERE AND WHY?

The decisions of the company, in what it concerns financial resources, play a key role in its existence and evolution. Funding through the stock exchange, due to its implications, is especially challenging in the current economic and financial enviroment. By bringing into question the results of relevant studies, we aimed to answer three key questions about the decision of firms to become public: when is the appropriate time, on what market to start selling primary shares and wich are the main implications of this decision? Although a theoretical work, we consider the paper to be of interest due to the whay results of specialized studies were systematized. The overall conclusion is that there are no firm or unanimous answers. Most opinions converge to the idea that the perfect time for a company to become public is when the stock market is growing or marked by optimism. Regarding the question on what market to open to the public investors, most studies recommend international markets due to their size and higher chances of success. However, as any financial decision, the decision to become public involves positive and negative effects. Arguments in favor of the initiative to become public and cons of such an approach are addressed in the same manner, by reference to relevant studies undertaken in the field

Quantitative determination by atomic absorption spectrometry for macro elements of mineral waters from Romania

In this paper there are presented the results of studies performed on characteristics of some existent mineral waters, in three different regions of Romania (West Region, Centre Region and North Region). Regarding this aim, the quantitative chemical analysis of macro elements: sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) was performed, using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer VARIAN Spectr AA 110 type. In this case, the flame emission and absorption method was used. As a conclusion, for sodium the maximum value recorded in mineral waters from the three regions taken into discussion, was obtained in sample A1 (294 mg/L) in the west region, for potassium the maximum reached was 47.4 mg/L in sample B3 in the north region, for calcium the maximum value was recorded as 330 mg/L in sample A3 from north region, and magnesium recorded the maximum value of 76 mg/L in sample B3 for north region. All samples studied, are within normal limits established by law

Quantitative determination by atomic absorption spectrometry for macro elements of mineral waters from Romania

The aim of this paper is to present the results of studies for some microelements from mineral water. Mineral water was collected from three different regions of Romania (West Region, Centre Region and North Region). The microelements: lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), manganium (Mn), iron (Fe), cooper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) were analyzed by atomic adsorption spectrometry determination, using the graphite tubular electrothermic owen method VARIAN GTA 110. As a conclusion, the lead (Pb) maximum value recorded for the west region waters was in sample A1 (18.6 µg/L), the nickel (Ni) exhibits maximum value in center region, in sample C2 (54.15 µg/L), the manganium (Mn) reaches the maximum in the west region in sample A1 (360 µg/L), the iron (Fe) exhibits maximum value in sample B3 (6.25 µg/L) from north region, and for the cadmium (Cd), the maximum value was reached in sample A1 (8.18 µg/L) from the west region. When comparing the allowable limits for heavy metals, (ORDER NO. 975 OF 16 DECEMBER 1998 ON THE APPROVAL RULES OF THE SANITARY HYGIENIC FOOD) were not observed exceedances of microelements concentrations studied

Seroepidemiological and biomolecular survey on

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite able of infecting all warm-blooded animals. Toxoplasmosis is one of the major foodborne diseases globally. The consumption of wild boar (Sus scrofa) meat from recreational hunting has been linked to outbreaks of human toxoplasmosis. The island of Sardinia (Italy) contains a large wild boar population, thus providing an opportunity to assess the distribution of Toxoplasma in this species and the associated risks of transmission to humans. A total of 562 wild boars were screened: heart and meat juice samples were tested for T. gondii DNA via nested-PCR and IgG anti-Toxoplasma by commercial ELISA. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG were detected in 24.6% (138/562) of animals, while 37.2% (209/562) of the heart samples were PCR positive. The prevalence of T. gondii antibodies and DNA highlights the potential role of wild boar as an important reservoir for this parasite. The study suggests that wild boar could play a significant role in spreading the parasite to humans. As wild boar numbers are increasing throughout their range, their potential role in transmitting toxoplasmosis should be communicated to stakeholders, and the impact of different population control methods on disease transmission should be thoroughly assessed to mitigate potential threats effectively

Quantitative determination by atomic absorption spectrometry for macro elements of mineral waters from Romania

The aim of this paper is to present the results of studies for some microelements from mineral water. Mineral water was collected from three different regions of Romania (West Region, Centre Region and North Region). The microelements: lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), manganium (Mn), iron (Fe), cooper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) were analyzed by atomic adsorption spectrometry determination, using the graphite tubular electrothermic owen method VARIAN GTA 110. As a conclusion, the lead (Pb) maximum value recorded for the west region waters was in sample A1 (18.6 µg/L), the nickel (Ni) exhibits maximum value in center region, in sample C2 (54.15 µg/L), the manganium (Mn) reaches the maximum in the west region in sample A1 (360 µg/L), the iron (Fe) exhibits maximum value in sample B3 (6.25 µg/L) from north region, and for the cadmium (Cd), the maximum value was reached in sample A1 (8.18 µg/L) from the west region. When comparing the allowable limits for heavy metals, (ORDER NO. 975 OF 16 DECEMBER 1998 ON THE APPROVAL RULES OF THE SANITARY HYGIENIC FOOD) were not observed exceedances of microelements concentrations studied

Quantitative determination by atomic absorption spectrometry for macro elements of mineral waters from Romania

In this paper there are presented the results of studies performed on characteristics of some existent mineral waters, in three different regions of Romania (West Region, Centre Region and North Region). Regarding this aim, the quantitative chemical analysis of macro elements: sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) was performed, using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer VARIAN Spectr AA 110 type. In this case, the flame emission and absorption method was used. As a conclusion, for sodium the maximum value recorded in mineral waters from the three regions taken into discussion, was obtained in sample A1 (294 mg/L) in the west region, for potassium the maximum reached was 47.4 mg/L in sample B3 in the north region, for calcium the maximum value was recorded as 330 mg/L in sample A3 from north region, and magnesium recorded the maximum value of 76 mg/L in sample B3 for north region. All samples studied, are within normal limits established by law

THE REPRESENTATIVE ECONOMIC AGENT – AN EPISTEMOLOGICAL APPROACH

The representative economic agent is an extensively discussed subject in the literature, in general, in the economic literature, in particular. The complexity of this subject inevitably makes it a point of intersection of several research areas - management, mathematics, computer science. The paper aims to reveal the most relevant ideas expressed, in time, by specialists who tried to capture and describe the representative agent. The theoretical approach, that we assumed, respects a temporal coordinate and allows us to finally formulate some relevant conclusions. The importance of the paper is given by the theoretical work to systematize some remarkable ideas on a subject wich is still in the spotlight - the economic representative agent

The IPO Underpricing Phenomenon – An Analysis of the Romanian Capital Market

Why companies give up to substantial sums of money when, durring an Initial Public Offer (IPO), they sell securities at a lower price, compared to the one obtained at the end of the first trading session, is an intensely debated question in the literature. After we systematize the main theories that explain the underpricing behavior, according to last relevant research, the paper objective is to analyze the domestic capital market in order to identify the level of the studied phenomenon. Using the adjusted initial return for the succesuffully closed IPOs, we measure the underpricing level and offer an interesting view to investors and companies.underpricing theory, domestic capital market, investors, company

Identification of quercitin and rutin from propolis ethanolic extract (EEP) of Timis county

In this paper were studied the possibilities of some flavonoides (quercetin and rutin) identification from the propolis ethanolic extract (EEP), depending on the harvesting region from the west of Romania (Timis county), the obtained results were compared to those obtained for similar products in literature (Hungary, Czechia, China, Slovenia). Representative samples were collected from three different regions of Timis county (Lugoj 1, Lugoj 2 and Faget). The identification of quercitin and rutin from propolis ethanolic extracts (EEP) was realized with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For separation and quantification the ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP), I used the high performance liquid chromatography. Quantification was performed on the basis of the calibration curve obtained for pure quercitine. I used the HPLC Hewelett Packard apparatus Agilent 1100 type with UV detection, with the following characteristics: column: Nucleosil C18; 5µm dimension for stationary phase particles; column dimension: 150 x 4,6mm x mm; eluent acetonytrile:water = 1:1, eluent flow: 1 mL/min; wave length: 365 nm; temperature 30°C; injected volume: μL