POSSIBLE IMPLICATIONS OF ADOPTING THE SINGLE EUROPEAN CURRENCY FOR THE ROMANIAN ECONOMY

The actual preparation and adoption of the euro is, for Romania, the most important challenge of the first decade after its accession at the EU. It puts to the test the policy and administrative capacity to conceive and implement a coherent program of meuro, exchange rate, Economic and Monetary Union, convergence criteria, ERM II, NBR, ECB, IMF, financial crisis

EURO - CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES FOR ROMANIA

The process of preparation and adoption of the European single currency is one of the most important challenges that Romania has to face in the first decade as a full time member of the European Union. This process will test both the political and the administrative capacity, requiring very clear programs for the adaptation of European regulations and directives that will ensure real and nominal convergence. This process will surely prove to be a difficult one and it will bring a high degree of pressure upon the economic system in general. The worldwide financial crisis is making the process of single European currency adoption even more difficult for Romania. Although its effects are not directly felt in Romania, the disorder created within international markets can easily transform the management of economic and currency politics into an insecure and extremely difficult task.exchange rate, euro, Economic and Monetary Union, Euro Zone, convergence criteria, ERM II, NBR, ECB, financial crisis

THE IMPLICATIONS OF VARYING EXCHANGE RATES FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE

The benefit of international trade is a more efficient employment of the productive forces of the world. (John Stuart Mill) The exchange rate is a primary factor that influences economy. This instrument is used by some countries in order to improve the lack of balance caused as a result of the financial crisis felt in many countries considered by then infallible. The negative effects of the financial crisis can also be found in the decreased volume of commodities involved in international trade exchanges, as a consequence of modified prices and decreased offer. The globalizing trend leads to a constant expansion of exchanges between countries and to the consolidation of international cooperation. Except that economic interdependence generates an increased risk under the influence of economic, financial, monetary or political factors. The currency risk can generate either a gain or loss during foreign trade operations. The long period of RON depreciation made possible the entry of Romanian products on the international markets due to their prices. Sheltered by the gain generated by the evolution of the exchange rate, most of the exporters were not concerned by the increase of product competitiveness or by avoiding the currency risk. The fact that, for many years, the evolution of the exchange rate generated substantial losses for the exporters shows that risk coverage in Romania is, in most cases, a purely theoretical concept.exchange rate, currency, depreciation, appreciation, J Curve

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCHANGE RATE AND EXPORTS IN ROMANIA USING A VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL

In this paper we analyze the exchange rate influence on exports volume inRomania using a vector autoregressive model (VAR). Our analysis, relative to the 2003Q2-2011Q1 period, reflects a negative relationship for the first lag and a positive one in thesecond lag. Considering the first lag as being significant, an increase of the exchange ratelevel has effects in decreasing exports volume. Also, according to impulse-response function,a shock in the exchange rate has significant effects on exports after two periods. Variancedecomposition shows a weaker influence, less than 10 percent.exchange rate, volatility, Romanian leu, international trade, depreciation, appreciation.

Prática psicomotora na creche e jardim de infância do Centro Cultural dos Bairros de São João e Olival Queimado

Este relatório de estágio visa apresentar as atividades de intervenção psicomotora desenvolvidas no CCBSJOQ. Estas atividades foram desenvolvidas em dois grupos de crianças: crianças do jardim de infância que até 31/12/2018 completaram os 6 anos de idade e crianças da creche dos 0 aos 3 anos. Através da intervenção implementada pretendeu-se: realizar um rastreio das competências pré-académicas na educação pré-escolar e realizar uma intervenção de grupo com as crianças que mostraram mais fragilidades. A posteriori ir ao encontro das necessidades desenvolvimentais das crianças da creche, com uma intervenção psicomotora precoce e elaboração de cadernos de atividades para educadoras e auxiliares. Com base nos resultados do rastreio, foi possível sinalizar duas crianças que revelam mais fragilidades nas áreas fundamentais para as aprendizagens formais, de modo que sejam sujeitas a uma intervenção terapêutica preventiva com o objetivo de minimizar as fragilidades encontradas. Estas duas crianças sinalizadas foram os estudos de caso que serão descritos e abordados ao longo deste relatório; PSYCHOMOTOR PRACTICE AT THE NURSERY AND CHILDHOOD GARDEN OF THE CENTRO CULTURAL DOS BIRROS DE SÃO JOÃO E OLIVAL QUEIMADO ABSTRACT: This internship report aims to present the psychomotor intervention activities developed in CCBSJOQ. These activities were developed in two groups of children: kindergarten children who until the 12/31/2018 completed the 6 years of age and day care children from 0 to 3 years old. Through the implemented intervention was intended: to carry out a screening of the pre-academic competences in the pre-school education and to carry out a group intervention with the children who showed more fragilities. Subsequently, it will meet the developmental needs of day care children, with an early psychomotor intervention and elaboration of activity books for educators and auxiliaries. Based on the results of the screening, it was possible to signal two children who reveal more weaknesses in the areas that are fundamental for formal learning, so that they are subjected to a preventive therapeutic intervention in order to minimize the frailties found. These two signaled children were the case studies that will be described and addressed throughout this report

Variaţia coeficientului de adsorbţie a calciului ionic pe cationit cu grupări sulfonice

Determination of the adsorption coefficient is essential for all retention processes of ionic species on surfaces, to determine the process efficiency and influence of the various factors on the adsorption. Calcium ions are present in significant quantities in many natural waters, causing high values of hardness, implicitly restricting the possibilities of using these waters. Decreasing the content of ionic calcium from aqueous solutions can be done by retaining them on cation exchangers, soin the present paperwe chose a sulphonic resin -Dowex 50-to study the calcium adsorption from aqueous solutions of different concentrations. We determined both the values of the adsorption coefficient over time for each concentration in the dynamic process as well as the correlation between the amount of ion in the initial solution and that retained on the surface of the adsorbent, depending on the amount of resin used

Studiu asupra capacităţii deşeurilor lemnoase de a reţine ionii metalelor grele din soluţii apoase, în condiţii dinamice

Wood residues are commonly used in the furniture industry and in agriculture, as composts' ingredients or in different techniques as absorbents, having a large specific surface and a chemical composition appropriate for achieving adsorption processes. As a result of previous experiments it is found that the activation by boiling in acidic solutions of sawdust, in addition to increasing the adsorption capacity, it does not add any color to the treated solutions. In the present study we tested the retention capacity of two heavy metal ions (Cu and Co) in solutions of different concentrations, on sawdust processed by grinding, sieving and activation in hydrochloric acid. As main results, copper ions were retained between 63.2 – 91.16% and cobalt ions, between 79.9 – 91.16%, considering the initial concentrations of the solutions

The influence of growth agents on the quality of bakery products

Saccharomyces cerevisiae or bakery yeast is tha main leavening agent used in bakery products obtaining, being the responsible for the CO2 generation thus ensuring the distinctive aerated structure of the dough. However, the role of yeast in dough is not limited to the gas production. Yeast cells are also partly responsible for the flavor of bread and can influence the rheological characteristics of the dough. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of fresh or dry yeast and of the different type of flour used (000/ 650/ 650+1350 variants). The same manufacturing recipe was used for all experimental variants. The bakery products investigated were coded according to the type of yeast used adding a numerical code specific to the type of flour used as follows: 000, 650 or 1350. The experimental variants were obtained with 100% superior flour (type 000), 100% white flour (650 type) or 50% white flour (650 type) + 50% wholemealflour (type 1350). The main objectives were the evaluation of the sensorial characteristics and the physical-chemical parameters of the bread samples obtained as well as the analysis of the quality of the yeast used. The results obtained showed that the experimental variant DYPk, even if it involved a longer fermentation period, gave the most appreciable quality results of the bakery products, namely: the shape of the products well contoured, not flattened and the appropriate volume. The pores were uniformly developed, the crumb was elastic, mellow, well bound to the shell. The experimental variant obtained with superior flour 000 for which the growth agent used was in dry form coded with DYPk showed the best quality characteristics with less changed even after 10 days of samples storage under refrigerated conditions

Trends in mental health diagnosis and use of resources in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The European Population Health Information Research Infraestructure (PHIRI) conducted research through use cases of applicability for public health policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study is to present changes in diagnosis of depression or anxiety and the use of health services before and during the COVID-19 crisis. Methods: Aggregated datasets with the total number of diagnosis of depression or anxiety (ICD10: F30-F39 and F40-F48 codes) and the number of visits to primary care, hospital or emergency department were generated were generated. Diagnoses were obtained from electronic health records in Austria, Estonia, Finland, Croatia, Latvia, Romania and Aragon (Spain), using the PHIRI federated research infra structure. Incident trends were depicted by month and year of visit (2017 and 2020). Results: Overall, 1,514,311 diagnoses of depression or anxiety were reported in 2017 vs. 1,102,468 diagnoses in 2020. By countries, monthly mean diagnosis of depression or anxiety ranged 2.7/10000 population (standard deviation, SD:0.2) to 148.4(20.0) for 2017; after lockdown in 2020 incidence decreased in most countries. Visits to primary, specialized care and emergency related to anxiety and depression diagnoses dropped after lockdown but they increased in general in all countries during 2021. Conclusions: Despite differences in the European health systems, a slight impact on COVID-19 on mental health diagnoses could be detected. This study highlights the potential use of harmonized data for providing evidence for future pandemic preparedness. Key messages: The use of a federated research infrastructure has allowed assessing the impact of COVID-19 in mental health across European countries in a harmonized way. Slight changes in mental health diagnoses and use of resources could be detected in several European countries due to COVID-19 pandemic.S