Exigências de metionina + cistina digestível para aves de corte ISA Label criadas em semiconfinamento

Foram realizados três experimentos para determinação das exigências de metionina+cistina (met+cis) digestível para aves da linhagem ISA Label. As aves foram criadas em semiconfinamento nas fases inicial (1 a 28 dias), crescimento (28 a 56 dias) e final (56 a 84 dias). em cada experimento, foram utilizadas 480 aves (metade de cada sexo) alojadas em 24 piquetes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2 (níveis de met+cis e sexos) com três repetições de 20 aves. Os níveis de met+cis digestível avaliados foram: 0,532; 0,652; 0,772; 0,892% na fase inicial; 0,515; 0,635; 0,755; 0,875% na fase de crescimento; e 0,469; 0,589; 0,709; 0,829% na fase final. Foram avaliados o desempenho, as características de carcaça, a deposição de proteína e gordura corporal, o peso e o teor de proteína das penas. Na fase inicial, os níveis de met+cis digestível na ração recomendados para machos e fêmeas foram 0,76 e 0,80%, que correspondem a 0,252 e 0,268% de met+cis por Mcal de energia metabolizável da ração, respectivamente. Para aves ISA Label na fase de crescimento, recomenda-se 0,716% de met+cis digestível na ração, independentemente do sexo, que corresponde a 0,235% de met+cis por Mcal de em da ração. Na fase final, recomendam-se níveis de met+cis digestível de 0,756 e 0,597%, que correspondem a 0,244 e 0,193% de met+cis por Mcal de energia metabolizável na ração para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente.Three assays were carried out to determine the digestible methionine+cystine (Met+Cys) requirement for ISA Label broilers from both sexes. The birds were reared in free range system on starting phase (1 to 28 days), growing phase (28 to 56 days) and finishing phase (56 to 84 days). Four hundred and eighty birds were distributed into 24 pens, each one composed of shelter (3.13 m²) and pasture (72.87 m²). The experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments as factorial arrangement (four Met+Cys levels and two sexes) with three replicates of 20 birds. The digestible Met+Cys levels were 0.532; 0.652; 0.772; 0.892% for starting phase; 0.515; 0.635; 0.755; 0.875% for growing phase and 0.469; 0.589; 0.709; 0.829% for finishing phase. The analyzed parameters were performance, carcass yield, body protein and fat deposition, weight and protein concentration in feathers. In the starting phase, the digestible Met+Cys level estimated for males was 0.765 and 0.803% for females, corresponding to 0.252 and 0.268% of Met+Cys/Mcal of ME, respectively. For the growing phase, the digestible Met+Cys level estimated was 0.716% for both sexes, corresponding to 0.235% of Met+Cys/Mcal of ME. For the finishing phase, the Met+Cys levels were 0.756 and 0.597% for males and females, corresponding to 0.244 and 0.193% of Met+Cys/Mcal of ME respectively

Estoques de C e de N e produtividade do milho sob sistemas de preparo e adubação nitrogenada em um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo do cerrado piauiense

Os estoques totais de carbono orgânico (C) e nitrogênio (N) e a produção de culturas são influenciados pelo preparo do solo, pelo aporte de resíduos e pela fertilização nitrogenada. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes sistemas de preparo associados às doses de nitrogênio sobre a produtividade do milho e os estoques de C e N de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo no cerrado piauiense. O experimento foi realizado no Município de Baixa Grande do Ribeiro, sudeste do Estado do Piauí. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, (dois sistemas de preparo: (plantio direto (PD) e convencional (PC) e; cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240kg N ha-1)), com seis repetições. Foram avaliados a produtividade de grãos (PG), os aportes de C e N, provenientes da cultura do milho, e os estoques de C e N no solo, nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 e 20-40cm. As doses de N ocasionaram resposta quadrática na produtividade de grãos e no aporte e estoque de C e N, tanto no PC, quanto no PD. As maiores produtividades de grãos foram obtidas com as doses de 138 e 134kg N ha-1 para PC e PD, respectivamente. Os maiores aportes de C e N no PC foram observados nas doses de 140 e 175kg ha-1 de N e no PD, nas doses de 139 e 100kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente. A adubação nitrogenada aumentou os estoques de C no solo, no sistema PD, em comparação ao PC, nas camadas de 0-5 e 5-10cm. A adoção do sistema plantio direto em combinação com aplicação balanceada de fertilizante nitrogenado é importante para construção da matéria orgânica em solos do cerrado piauiense.Total soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and crop yield are influenced by tillage, biomass input from crop and nitrogen fertilization. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of different tillage systems associated to nitrogen doses on corn yield and C and N stocks in the Red Yellow Latosol in savanna of Piauí state, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Baixa Grande do Ribeiro, south of Piauí state. The treatments were distributed in a randomized complete blocks and factor arrange 2x5, two tillage systems (no-tillage (NT) and conventional (CT)) and five nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120,180 and 240kg ha-1 N), respectively, with six replications. The corn grain yield (GY) and C and N inputs were measured and C and N soil stocks were evaluated in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-20 and 20-40cm. N doses caused a quadratic response in the grain yield, C and N inputs from maize crop and soil C stocks in both tillage systems. Higher GY were obtained by 138 and 134kg N ha-1 to CT and NT, respectively. Higher C and N inputs were obtained by 140 and 175kg N ha-1, in the CT and by 139 and 100kg N ha-1 in the NT system, respectively. Nitrogen fertilization increased soil C stocks in the NT comparing to CT in the 0-5 and 5-10 depths. No tillage adoption combined with balanced nitrogen fertilization can be important to soil organic matter production in soils under cerrado of Piauí state

Sodium chloride levels for Colonial broiler chickens reared in free-range system

Objetivou-se determinar níveis de inclusão de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) em rações para aves machos e fêmeas da linhagem Colonial nas fases inicial (1 a 28 dias), de crescimento (28 a 56 dias) e final (56 a 84 dias) criadas em semiconfinamento. em cada ensaio, 480 aves com idade correspondente à fase de criação foram alojadas em 24 unidades experimentais contendo áreas de abrigo e de pastejo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 × 2 (níveis de NaCl e sexos), totalizando oito tratamentos e três repetições de 20 aves. Os níveis de NaCl avaliados foram: 0,20; 0,40; 0,60 e 0,80% na fase inicial; 0,10; 0,30; 0,50 e 0,70% na fase de crescimento e 0,10; 0,25; 0,40 e 0,55% na fase final. Foram avaliados o ganho de peso, o consumo de ração, a ingestão de água, a conversão alimentar, o potencial hidrogeniônico, a pressão parcial de gás carbônico no sangue, a concentração de hematócritos e os teores de sódio e cloro no sangue. Para a fase inicial, o nível recomendado é de 0,53% de NaCl na ração para aves de ambos os sexos. Para a fase de crescimento, os níveis de 0,40 e 0,43% de NaCl, respectivamente, para machos e fêmeas e, para a fase final, de 0,25% para aves de ambos os sexos, atendem às exigências nutricionais.The objective of this work was to determine inclusion levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) in diets for male and female Colonial strain birds in the starter (from one to 28 days of age), growing (from 28 to 56 days of age) and finisher (from 56 to 84 days of age) phases reared in free-range system. In each trial, 480 birds at age corresponding to the rearing phase were housed in 24 experimental units containing areas of shelter and pasture. The experimental design used was a completely randomized in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (NaCl levels × sex), totaling eight treatments and three replications of 20 birds. Levels of NaCl evaluated were: 0.20, 0.40, 0.60 and 0.80% in the starter phase; 0.10, 0.30, 0.50 and 0.70% in the growing phase and 0.10, 0.25, 0.40 and 0.55% in the finisher phase. It was evaluated weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood, hematocrit concentration and sodium and chlorine blood levels. For the starter phase it is recommended 0.53% of NaCl level in diet for birds of both sexes. For the growing phase, the levels were 0.40 and 0.43% of NaCl, respectively, for males and females, and for the finisher phase, the level of 0.25% for birds of both sexes meets the nutritional requirements

Digestible methionine plus cystine requirements of ISA Label broilers reared in free-range system

Three assays were carried out to determine the digestible methionine+cystine (Met+Cys) requirement for ISA Label broilers from both sexes. The birds were reared in free range system on starting phase (1 to 28 days), growing phase (28 to 56 days) and finishing phase (56 to 84 days). Four hundred and eighty birds were distributed into 24 pens, each one composed of shelter (3.13 m(2)) and pasture (72.87 m(2)). The experimental design was completely randomized with eight treatments as factorial arrangement (four Met+Cys levels and two sexes) with three replicates of 20 birds. The digestible Met+Cys levels were 0.532; 0.652; 0.772; 0.892% for starting phase; 0.515; 0.635; 0.755; 0.875% for growing phase and 0.469; 0.589; 0.709; 0.829% for finishing phase. The analyzed parameters were performance, carcass yield, body protein and fat deposition, weight and protein concentration in feathers. In the starting phase, the digestible Met+Cys level estimated for males was 0.765 and 0.803% for females, corresponding to 0.252 and 0.268% of Met+Cys/Mcal of ME, respectively. For the growing phase, the digestible Met+Cys level estimated was 0.716% for both sexes, corresponding to 0.235% of Met+Cys/Mcal of ME. For the finishing phase, the Met+Cys levels were 0.756 and 0.597% for males and females, corresponding to 0.244 and 0.193% of Met+Cys/Mcal of ME respectively

Effect of a hyperbolide mastication apparatus for the treatment of severe sleep bruxism in a child with cerebral palsy: Long-term follow-up

Purpose: Sleep bruxism is common among the various oromotor alterations found in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). Few studies have investigated the use of the mastication device denominated hyperbola (HB) and none was found describing the use of such a device for the treatment of bruxism in children with CP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the HB on electromyographic (EMG) activity in the jaw-closing muscles and the reduction in sleep bruxism in a child with CP using surface EMG analysis before and after nine months of treatment. Methods: A seven-year-old boy with severe spastic CP and sleep bruxism was enrolled in this study. The HB was chosen as the treatment option for sleep bruxism in this case because the child did not accept an occlusal splint. The HB has a hyperbolic shape and is made of soft, non-toxic, odorless, tasteless silicone. There are five different sizes of HB manufactured based on the diversity of tooth sizes. This device produces proprioceptive excitation in the dentoalveolar nerve, spindles and Golgi tendon organs. HB has been employed for the treatment of temporomandibular disorder, abnormal oro-dental development, abnormal occlusion, xerostomy, halitosis and bruxism. HB therapy was performed for 5 min six times a day over a nine-week period. Surface EMG of the mandible at rest and during maximum contraction was performed on the masseter and temporalis muscles bilaterally to evaluate electromyographic activity before and after nine months of HB usage. Results: HB usage led to a visible tendency toward the reorganization of mastication dynamics, achieving a marked balance in electromyographic activity of the jaw-closing muscles and improving the child's quality of life. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, this noninvasive therapy may be useful for individuals with cerebral palsy due to its positive effects and low cost, which allows its use in the public health realm. Further clinical studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate these results and allow the development of a new treatment protocol for patients with spastic cerebral palsy. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved