Examen anatomo-pathologique du placenta: ses indications, ses lésions chez la femme drépanocytaire

Dans cet article, les auteurs rappellent les principales indications de l'examen anatomopathologique du placenta. Ils essaient d'élucider, au vue de la littérature l'atteinte placentaire en cas de drépanocytose, marquée par le faible poids, les infarctus,la sclérose des villosités, la présence des érythrocytes en faucilles et des dépôts de fibrines dans l'espace intervilleux. Mots cles: pathologie, placenta, drépanocytose Clinics in Mother and Child Health Vol. 1(1) 2004: 9-1

A case report of a giant fallopian tube leiomyoma mimicking a mesenteric tumor.

Leiomyomas are benign tumors usually found in the uterus although other organs such as the vagina and the ovaries can be involved. The most common etiology of tubal disorders is infection, but tubal leiomyomas remain a rare possibility. We hereby present a case-report of fallopian tube leiomyoma undiagnosed preoperatively despite the technological progress in radiologic imaging. The diagnosis was only made at laparotomy. In this case report, diagnostic measures and the difficulties encountered are discussed.KEY WORDS: Abdominal mass- Fallopian tube fibroid - Diagnosis

Profil clinique et anatomopathologique des cancers de l’ovaire à Yaounde, Cameroun.

Le but de cette étude rétrospective et descriptive était de déterminer les aspects cliniques et anatomopathologiques des cancers de l’ovaire recensés entre le 1er juillet 2003 et le 31 décembre 2008 à l’Hôpital Gynéco-Obstétrique et Pédiatrique de Yaoundé au Cameroun. Nous avons retenu 30 cas avec un âge moyen de 48,50 ± 13,06 ans. Les cancers de l’ovaire représentaient 10,75 % des 279 cancers génitaux diagnostiqués au cours de la même période. Deux tiers des patientes avaient plus de 50 ans, et les grandes multipares constituaient 43,33% de l’échantillon. On notait une faible représentativité des patientes nullipares (10 %). Des douleurs pelviennes associées étaient présentes dans 56,67% de cas. La majorité des tumeurs (93,33%) avaient une origine épithéliale. Les stades cliniques FIGO II et III réunis représentaient trois quarts de l’échantillon. La classification selon le TNM montrait des stades avancés (pT3 et pT4 réunis) chez 40 % de la population. En conclusion, les cancers ovariens au Cameroun montrent une variété histomorphologique, les types épithéliaux étant plus fréquents. Les cancers sont souvent découverts à des stades avancés. Le rôle protecteur de la multiparité n’est pas relevé par cette étude. Des actions devraient être menées pour favoriser un diagnostic précoce et une prise en charge adéquate de la maladie. Des études à plus grande échelle doivent être menées, les résultats pouvant être d’une plus grande utilité aux politiques de santé.MOTS CLES: Cancers - Ovaire - Histopathologie- Epidémiologie - Cameroun

Contribution de l’échographie dans le dépistage et le diagnostic des cancers du sein : une expérience de Yaoundé, Cameroun

L’objectif de cette étude était de rechercher la contribution de l’échographie dans le dépistage et le diagnostic des lésions mammaires à Yaoundé, Cameroun. Il s’agissait de décrire les anomalies cliniques, échographiques, éventuellement anatomopathologiques pour des lésions suspectes et les confronter. L’étude était transversale descriptive sur une période de 12 mois ; constituée de 103 femmes âgées de 45 ans et plus. La moyenne d’âge a été de 53 ans. La douleur mammaire était le principal symptôme (21,4%). Les anomalies échographiques ont été retrouvées chez 43 femmes (41,7%). Les plus fréquentes ont été les nodules tissulaires (29,1%). Les lésions d’allure bénigne (ACR2) ont été retrouvées chez 26 (25,24%) femmes et celles suspectes de malignité (ACR3, ACR4, et ACR5) chez 17 (16,5%) dont 14 ont bénéficié d’une biopsie. L’examen anatomopathologique a révélé 8 cas de carcinomes (57,14%). L’échographie bien conduite dans un contexte socio-économique défavorisé oriente le diagnostic de cancer du sein

Contribution Of Autopsy To Medical Practice In Cameroon: A 10 year review.

Of 12.000 bodies received at the mortuary of the Yaounde General Hospital, 126 were autopsied in this 10-year retrospective study from 1997 to 2007, giving a rate of 1 autopsy in 100 deaths. 72.2% of cases were males against 27.8% females. The predominant age group was 20-69 years (57.1%). The main causes of death include natural disease (32.5%), physical aggression (20.6%), road traffic accident (19.8%), poisoning (9.5%), asphyxia (7.1%) and firearm injury (6.4%). The indication for autopsy was mainly medico-legal (91.7%). The circumstances of death showed a predominance of natural causes (34.1%), murder (32.6%), and homicide (28.6%). Though the benefits of an autopsy to the family, medical practice and entire community are enormous, the rate of this procedure in our community is low. We recommend public education and advocate for a legislative framework thatregulates autopsy practice, at least, in teaching hospitals in our country

Ferroelectric Solitons Crafted in Epitaxial Bismuth Ferrite Superlattices

In ferroelectrics, complex interactions among various degrees of freedom enable the condensation of topologically protected polarization textures. Known as ferroelectric solitons, these particle-like structures represent a new class of materials with promise for beyond CMOS technologies due to their ultrafine size and sensitivity to external stimuli. Such polarization textures have scarcely been reported in multiferroics. Here, we report a range of soliton topologies in bismuth ferrite strontium titanate superlattices. High-resolution piezoresponse force microscopy and Cs-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal a zoo of topologies, and polarization displacement mapping of planar specimens reveals center-convergent and divergent topological defects as small as 3 nm. Phase field simulations verify that some of these topologies can be classed as bimerons, with a topological charge of plus and minus one, and first-principles-based effective Hamiltonian computations show that the co-existence of such structures can lead to non-integer topological charges, a first observation in a BiFeO3-based system. Our results open new opportunities in multiferroic topotronics

Characterisation of Bosnia and Herzegovina honeys according to their physico-chemical properties during 2016-2017

This study evaluated the quality of 78 honeys of six different floral types (Acacia, sage [Salvia officinalis L.], linden, chestnut, honeydew and blossom), mainly from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Reducing sugars, sucrose content, moisture, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), free acidity, water-insoluble content, diastase activity, electrical conductivity were analysed. The samples of honey, collected during 2016-2017, were analysed using recommended methods. Results show that in 2016 and 2017, a great number of individual honeys sampled were of insufficient quality to satisfy regulatory requirements. Among the overall determined parameters, hydroxymethylfurfural and diastase activities in some honeys were not acceptable according to national and international regulations. A correlation between free acidity and electrical conductivity was found in both acacia and blossom honeys. HMF content and diastase activity was strongly negatively correlated in both acacia and blossom honeys. The quality of the honeys was varied, based on botanical origins, and presumably, handling and storage conditions

Stabilization of weak ferromagnetism by strong magnetic response to epitaxial strain in multiferroic BiFeO3

Multiferroic BiFeO3 exhibits excellent magnetoelectric coupling critical for magnetic information processing with minimal power consumption. However, the degenerate nature of the easy spin axis in the (111) plane presents roadblocks for real world applications. Here, we explore the stabilization and switchability of the weak ferromagnetic moments under applied epitaxial strain using a combination of first-principles calculations and group-theoretic analyses. We demonstrate that the antiferromagnetic moment vector can be stabilized along unique crystallographic directions ([110] and [-110]) under compressive and tensile strains. A direct coupling between the anisotropic antiferrodistortive rotations and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moria interactions drives the stabilization of the weak ferromagnetism. Furthermore, energetically competing C- and G-type magnetic orderings are observed at high compressive strains, suggesting that it may be possible to switch the weak ferromagnetism "on" and "off" under the application of strain. These findings emphasize the importance of strain and antiferrodistortive rotations as routes to enhancing induced weak ferromagnetism in multiferroic oxides.ope

Antiferromagnetic spintronics

Antiferromagnetic materials are magnetic inside, however, the direction of their ordered microscopic moments alternates between individual atomic sites. The resulting zero net magnetic moment makes magnetism in antiferromagnets invisible on the outside. It also implies that if information was stored in antiferromagnetic moments it would be insensitive to disturbing external magnetic fields, and the antiferromagnetic element would not affect magnetically its neighbors no matter how densely the elements were arranged in a device. The intrinsic high frequencies of antiferromagnetic dynamics represent another property that makes antiferromagnets distinct from ferromagnets. The outstanding question is how to efficiently manipulate and detect the magnetic state of an antiferromagnet. In this article we give an overview of recent works addressing this question. We also review studies looking at merits of antiferromagnetic spintronics from a more general perspective of spin-ransport, magnetization dynamics, and materials research, and give a brief outlook of future research and applications of antiferromagnetic spintronics.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figure