Super- and subradiant emission of two-level systems in the near-Dicke limit

We analyze the stability of super- and subradiant states in a system of identical two-level atoms in the near-Dicke limit, i.e., when the atoms are very close to each other compared to the wavelength of resonant light. The dynamics of the system are studied using a renormalized master equation, both with multipolar and minimal-coupling interaction schemes. We show that both models lead to the same result and, in contrast to unrenormalized models, predict that the relative orientation of the (co-aligned) dipoles is unimportant in the Dicke limit. Our master equation is of relevance to any system of dipole-coupled two-level atoms, and gives bounds on the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction for closely spaced atoms. Exact calculations for small atom systems in the near-Dicke limit show the increased emission times resulting from the evolution generated by the strong dipole-dipole interaction. However, for large numbers of atoms in the near-Dicke limit, it is shown that as the number of atoms increases, the effect of the dipole-dipole interaction on collective emission is reduced.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, published versio

Labor Law and Workmen\u27s Compensation -- 1956 Tennessee Survey

Labor Law Inducing Breach of Contract: Howard v. Haven\u27 was the only case during the survey period which presented a legal problem relating to the activities of a labor organization. In this case an electrical contractor sought an injunction and damages because of the acts of a local labor union, its business agent, and other named defendants in preventing the plaintiff from carrying out a hospital construction contract. On the trial of the case the determinative issue became whether or not the defendants brought about a breach of the contract which the complainant claimed to have had with the general contractor on the project in question. In response to specific questions the jury found that the defendant local labor union did unlawfully procure a breach of contract which complainant had with the general contractor, but it answered the same question in the negative with respect to the local union\u27s business agent and another named defendant. Damages were assessed by the jury at $7,330, which were trebled in the judgment entered by the chancellor pursuant to Williams code section 7811. ===================================== Workmen\u27s Compensation Employees\u27 claims for workmen\u27s compensation were involved in twenty-three of the cases before the Supreme Court during the survey year, and three cases presented questions of first impression. Although the Tennessee Workmen\u27s Compensation Law was enacted over thirty-seven years ago, controversy still rages with apparently undiminished vigor over its proper interpretation and application

Labor Law and Workmen\u27s Compensation -- 1957 Tennessee Survey

The decisions of Tennessee appellate courts during the survey period have dealt extensively with the major area of controversy in current labor relations law--federal preemption.\u27 The number of Tennessee decisions handed down which relate to injunctions restraining directly or indirectly the activities of labor organizations exceeds that in any recent comparable period. Clarification of the law applicable in the courts of the state to such activities, however, has not been achieved through these decisions. Two were reversed subsequently without opinion by the Supreme Court of the United States, and these two reversals, in turn, present serious questions as to the ultimate effect of the holdings in three additional Tennessee cases of the survey period. The problem is further complicated when consideration is given to the United States Supreme Court\u27s affirmance of a Wisconsin injunction three weeks after the reversal of the Tennessee decisions. One of the Tennessee decisions involved picketing to achieve a purpose deemed contrary to the state\u27s right-to-work statute, as did the Wisconsin case

Labor Law and Workmen\u27s Compensation -- 1954 Tennessee Survey

Labor Law is best defined, perhaps, as that body of law which is directed toward, and peculiar to, the various incidents of the employer-employee relationship, whether viewed individually or collectively.\u27 In this sense it includes all laws, such as those on workmen\u27s compensation, wages and hours and unemployment insurance, setting forth the rights and limitations of the individual employee as against the employer (directly or indirectly), as well as those concerned with union organizational activity and collective bargaining

Preferential utilization of inorganic polyphosphate over other bioavailable phosphorus sources by the model diatoms Thalassiosira spp.

Polyphosphates and phosphomonoesters are dominant components of marine dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP). Collectively, DOP represents an important nutritional phosphorus (P) source for phytoplankton growth in the ocean, but the contribution of specific DOP sources to microbial community P demand is not fully understood. In a prior study, it was reported that inorganic polyphosphate was not bioavailable to the model diatoms Thalassiosira weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana. However, in this study, we show that the previous finding was a misinterpretation based on a technical artefact of media preparation and that inorganic polyphosphate is actually widely bioavailable to Thalassiosira spp. In fact, orthophosphate, inorganic tripolyphosphate (3polyP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine monophosphate supported equivalent growth rates and final growth yields within each of four strains of Thalassiosira spp. However, enzyme activity assays revealed in all cultures that cell‐associated hydrolysis rates of 3polyP were typically more than ~10‐fold higher than degradation of ATP and the model phosphomonoester compound 4‐methylumbelliferyl phosphate. These results build on prior work, which showed the preferential utilization of polyphosphates in the cell‐free exudates of Thalassiosira spp., and suggest that inorganic polyphosphates may be a key bioavailable source of P for marine phytoplankton

Big Gay Church: Religion, Religiosity, and Visual Culture

Five academics explore their performed occupations of the National Art Education Association Annual Meetings. They have annually mounted Big Gay Church (BGC) services that deconstruct and question the ways visual culture, media representations, scriptural interpretations, and religious teaching have constructed (at times harmful) depictions of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer and questioning (LGBTQ2) subjects. This essay recounts how co-authors have drawn on their multiple experiences with/in churches to play with religious rituals and narratives in ways that queerly comment on the damage or support organized religions offer LGBTQ2 students and educators

Extinction risk of the world's freshwater mammals

The continued loss of freshwater habitats poses a significant threat to global biodiversity. We reviewed the extinction risk of 166 freshwater aquatic and semiaquatic mammals—a group rarely documented as a collective. We used the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species categories as of December 2021 to determine extinction risk. Extinction risk was then compared among taxonomic groups, geographic areas, and biological traits. Thirty percent of all freshwater mammals were listed as threatened. Decreasing population trends were common (44.0%), including a greater rate of decline (3.6% in 20 years) than for mammals or freshwater species as a whole. Aquatic freshwater mammals were at a greater risk of extinction than semiaquatic freshwater mammals (95% CI –7.20 to –1.11). Twenty-nine species were data deficient or not evaluated. Large species (95% CI 0.01 to 0.03) with large dispersal distances (95% CI 0.03 to 0.15) had a higher risk of extinction than small species with small dispersal distances. The number of threatening processes associated with a species compounded their risk of extinction (95% CI 0.28 to 0.77). Hunting, land clearing for logging and agriculture, pollution, residential development, and habitat modification or destruction from dams and water management posed the greatest threats to these species. The basic life-history traits of many species were poorly known, highlighting the need for more research. Conservation of freshwater mammals requires a host of management actions centered around increased protection of riparian areas and more conscientious water management to aid the recovery of threatened species

The near-infrared morphology of ultraluminous infrared galaxies

Near-infrared images at 1.25 μm, 1.65 μm, and 2.2 μm have been obtained of nine galaxies from the IRAS Bright Galaxy Sample with infrared luminosities L_(IR) ≥ 10^(12) L_☉. Two of the 2.2 μm images reveal previously undetected double nuclei, increasing the number of close double nuclei known for this sample from two to four. For three of these four sources, the colors of both nuclei are substantially different from those of normal spiral galaxies, indicating that the high activity state in high-luminosity mergers tends to occur in both nuclei. Three sources show 2.2 μm emission that is more centrally concentrated than the emission at 1.3 μm, a result that can be explained as the effects of dust emission and/or extinction or, alternatively, as the result of direct emission at 2.2 μm from the accretion disk of a central active galactic nucleus. Implications of these results for the model that galaxy collisions lead to quasar formation are briefly discussed. Finally, from the frequency and separation of the double nucleus sources, the lifetime of the ultraluminous phase of galaxies is estimated to be ~ 4 x 10^8 yr

The MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) Survey: Rest-Frame Optical Spectroscopy for ~1500 H-Selected Galaxies at 1.37 < z < 3.8

In this paper we present the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) survey. The MOSDEF survey aims to obtain moderate-resolution (R=3000-3650) rest-frame optical spectra (~3700-7000 Angstrom) for ~1500 galaxies at 1.37<z<3.80 in three well-studied CANDELS fields: AEGIS, COSMOS, and GOODS-N. Targets are selected in three redshift intervals: 1.37<z<1.70, 2.09<z<2.61, and 2.95<z<3.80, down to fixed H_AB (F160W) magnitudes of 24.0, 24.5 and 25.0, respectively, using the photometric and spectroscopic catalogs from the 3D-HST survey. We target both strong nebular emission lines (e.g., [OII], Hbeta, [OIII], 5008, Halpha, [NII], and [SII]) and stellar continuum and absorption features (e.g., Balmer lines, Ca-II H and K, Mgb, 4000 Angstrom break). Here we present an overview of our survey, the observational strategy, the data reduction and analysis, and the sample characteristics based on spectra obtained during the first 24 nights. To date, we have completed 21 masks, obtaining spectra for 591 galaxies. For ~80% of the targets we derive a robust redshift from either emission or absorption lines. In addition, we confirm 55 additional galaxies, which were serendipitously detected. The MOSDEF galaxy sample includes unobscured star-forming, dusty star-forming, and quiescent galaxies and spans a wide range in stellar mass (~10^9-10^11.5 Msol) and star formation rate (~10^0-10^3 Msol/yr). The spectroscopically confirmed sample is roughly representative of an H-band limited galaxy sample at these redshifts. With its large sample size, broad diversity in galaxy properties, and wealth of available ancillary data, MOSDEF will transform our understanding of the stellar, gaseous, metal, dust, and black hole content of galaxies during the time when the universe was most active.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJS; 28 pages, 19 figures; MOSDEF spectroscopic redshifts available at http://mosdef.astro.berkeley.edu/Downloads.htm

Diagnostic Utility of Wireless Video-Electroencephalography in Unsedated Dogs

Background: Poor agreement between observers on whether an unusual event is a seizure drives the need for a specific diagnostic tool provided by video-electroencephalography (video-EEG) in human pediatric epileptology. Objective: That successful classification of events would be positively associated with increasing EEG recording length and higher event frequency reported before video-EEG evaluation; that a novel wireless video-EEG technique would clarify whether unusual behavioral events were seizures in unsedated dogs. Animals: Eighty-one client-owned dogs of various breeds undergoing investigation of unusual behavioral events at 4 institutions. Methods: Retrospective case series: evaluation of wireless video-EEG recordings in unsedated dogs performed at 4 institutions. Results: Electroencephalography achieved/excluded diagnosis of epilepsy in 58 dogs (72%); 25 dogs confirmed with epileptic seizures based on ictal/interictal epileptiform discharges, and 33 dogs with no EEG abnormalities associated with their target events. As reported frequency of the target events decreased (annually, monthly, weekly, daily, hourly, minutes, seconds), EEG was less likely to achieve diagnosis (P <0.001). Every increase in event frequency increased the odds of achieving diagnosis by 2.315 (95% confidence interval: 1.36-4.34). EEG recording length (mean = 3.69 hours, range: 0.17-22.5) was not associated (P = 0.2) with the likelihood of achieving a diagnosis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Wireless video-EEG in unsedated dogs had a high success for diagnosis of unusual behavioral events. This technique offered a reliable clinical tool to investigate the epileptic origin of behavioral events in dogs.Peer reviewe