Influence of cholesterol and ergosterol on membrane dynamics using different fluorescent reporter probes

Ergosterol is an evolutionary precursor of cholesterol and is the major sterol present in lower eukaryotes. Although detailed biophysical characterization of the effect of cholesterol on membranes is well documented, the effect of ergosterol on the organization and dynamics of membranes is still at a very early stage. We have monitored the effect of cholesterol and ergosterol on the dynamic properties of both fluid (POPC) and gel (DPPC) phase membranes utilizing fluorescent reporter probes pyrene and TMA-DPH. These results show, for the first time, the important differences on the effect of cholesterol and ergosterol in short-range ordering (reported by TMA-DPH) and long-range dynamics (reported by pyrene). In addition, pyrene vibronic peak intensity ratio provides information on polarity of the microenvironment experienced by the probe. These novel results are relevant in the context of membrane domains in ergosterol-containing organisms such as Drosophila which maintain a low level of sterol compared to higher eukaryotes

Single Process Architecture for E-Learning Over Cloud Computing

A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of interconnected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing resources based on service-level agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and consumers. C loud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware and systems software in the data centres that provide those services (Software as a Service - SaaS). The data center hardware and software is what we will call a Cloud. Fr om the studies of various research papers and works done by various researchers it has been found that the major areas of focus in the field of cloud computing are architecture definitions, security, integration of services on various layers, inclusion of Various network and communication devices being developed rapidly. E -Learning through cloud computing is a promising area for the ease of both faculties and students around the world. The work done in cloud computing based e-Learning is oriented on centralized server and further improvement in this can be done. I n this research, a new distributed architecture is being proposed to provide an opportunity to the learners around the world to use the resources being shared by the faculties and online communication between the faculties and students

Survey Paper on IOT Enabled Technologies, Protocols and Smart Applications

This paper presents Internet of Things in a wider context with enabling key technologies, system architecture and the major application domains where the Internet of Things will play a vital role. IoT is enabled by the latest developments in (Radio Frequency Identification) RFID, Machine to Machine (M2M) communication, and Near Field Communication (NFC), sensors, actuators, mobile phones, etc. The current revolution in the communication field is the internet of things. In the world of new technologies RFID seemed to be necessary for the IoT. These technologies are used to implement the modern concept of IoT as explained in this paper. Including these technologies, IoT architecture and application of this existence technology, we have proposed an idea of unique identification. Using the Aadhaar card, the unique identification (UID) would be the solution of various fake schemes such as fake polling, fake identity etc. The Aadhaar card is a digital identity of unique 12 -16 digit alphanumeric number to provide more security digits which would not just help the government way down individuals, but also make life extreme easier for citizens. UID system helps to deal with people�s personal detail. This system would help to provide authenticated polling and makes our welfare system right for the every citizen of India using the IoT technology

Determinants of negative preference for female fetuses amongst women of reproductive age group at rural medical college

Background: India is experiencing lowest child sex ratio of the world. The deficit of girl children has been progressively increasing, in spite of so many laws to favour them like Sharda act, act against dowry and law against female feticide, i.e. PC & PNDT. The present study attempted to explore the determinants of negative preference of female fetuses at rural setup and preferences for prevention of female foeticide.Methods: In a prospective, multicentric, cohort study, 2203 married women of reproductive age group were interviewed by pretested piloted structured questionnaire. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.Results: Common causes for not preferring daughters were related to their marriages expenses, dowry along with exogamy and practices regarding death ceremonies of parents. Self deprived image of today’s woman by herself is mainly responsible for not allowing her to welcome another girl child in a family.Conclusions: Female foeticide is still in practice inspite of awareness programmes and existing law. Main reason for it is societal need due to marriage related customs and cultures along with unethical practices by service providers. To increase in self-esteem of women can only reduce the volume of service receiver along with upliftment of moral and ethical values of service providers from the beginning of their medical training can prevent it to happen

Monitoring the looping up of acyl chain labeled NBD lipids in membranes as a function of membrane phase state

Lipids that are labeled with the NBD (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) group are widely used as fluorescent analogues of native lipids in biological and model membranes to monitor a variety of processes. The NBD group of acyl chain labeled NBD lipids is known to loop up to the membrane interface in fluid phase membranes. However, the organization of these lipids in gel phase membranes is not resolved. In this paper, we monitored the influence of the membrane phase state on the looping up behavior of acyl chain labeled NBD lipids utilizing red edge excitation shift (REES) and other sensitive fluorescence approaches. Interestingly, our REES results indicate that NBD group of lipids, which are labeled at the fatty acyl region, resides in the more hydrophobic region in gel phase membranes, and complete looping of the NBD group occurs only in the fluid phase. This is supported by other fluorescence parameters such as polarization and lifetime. Taken together, our results demonstrate that membrane packing, which depends on temperature and the phase state of the membrane, significantly affects the localization of acyl chain labeled NBD lipids. In view of the wide ranging use of NBD-labeled lipids in cell and membrane biology, these results could have potentially important implications in future studies involving these lipids as tracers

E-Learning Improved Architecture for Clouds

E-Learning is spreading around the world with leaps and bounds with the growth of Internet. People are keen to get high skilled knowledge from the knowledge pros in the industry and a very new concept of cloud computing is also not unaffected with E-learning. With the intense penetration of the Internet in the life of mankind and fast acceptance of the cloud computing is making researchers to design the various architectures for the cloud applications in generalized manner and specific to the applications. E-learning facilitates the students, teachers, universities and educational service providers to get the services with all ease and 24x7 bases. In cloud computing we mean by a Cloud as a type of parallel and distributed system over the network and virtual machines which are managed for load balancing with high provision for security, and its services are offered to the customers using SLA (Service Level Agreement). Whereas, Cloud Computing includes both applications and hardwar

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLETS OF OMEPRAZOLE

Objective: The aim of present study is to formulate mouth dissolving tablet of omeprazole, the drug will be directly absorbed into systemic circulation through buccal mucosa and lead to produce immediate action. Methods: Mouth dissolving tablets of Omeprazole were prepared by wet granulation method. Required quantity of drug and other excipients were weighed and sieved from sieve no.60 for finding homogenous mixer, then a damp mass of mixer was prepared by using distilled water as a solvent, Damp mass was passed through sieve no. 10 and dried the granules at 50 °C till moisture remaining less than 2% Results: All the formulated tablets met the pharmacopoeias standard of uniformity of weight, percentage friability, thickness, and drug content. The in vitro disintegration and dispersion studies were also performed, which shows very good bioavailability and drug release profile. Accelerated stability studies were done for four weeks and found that no significant change in drug content and other parameters like hardness and in vitro dispersion time after four weeks even at 50 °C. It may be predicted that formulation will be stable for more than one year. Conclusion: The present investigation successfully formulated mouth dissolving tablets of omeprazole with improved drug release profile. The formulation was chosen because it showed good results in terms of cumulative drug release, disintegration time, hardness and friability. The dissolution study of this formulation showed an increase in the cumulative % drug release

A clinical study of association of maternal height and estimated foetal weight on mode of delivery

Background: Maternal height and antenatal estimated fetal weight can affect mode of delivery. The aims and objective of this study were to study the association between the mode of delivery and maternal height and estimated foetal weight.Methods: 240 full term primigravida women without any obstetric and medical complications who were admitted in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital Wardha for delivery were randomly selected for study. After delivery 138 women who underwent caesarean delivery formed the study group and 102 women who underwent vaginal delivery formed control group. These two groups were compared for their maternal heights and antenatal estimated foetal weight (by Johnson’s formula).Results: In present study (1) Mean height of women in study group was 147 cm while that in control group was 155 cm. (2) Out of 49 short statured women (height ≤ 145 cm) 47 (95.91%) had emergency caesarean section and 2(4.08%) women were delivered vaginally. (3) Estimated foetal weight in study group was 2956 grams while that in control group was 2845 grams.Conclusions: We conclude that short statured women with larger baby size has higher incidence of emergency caesarean delivery