EFFECT ON GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CURING METHOD

In todays world the problems we are facing day to day life is pollution and disposal of waste material of industries. In the manufacturing process of cement, emission of CO2 is more and also consumes significant amount of natural resource. In thermal power station, Main problem is disposal of waste material as well as industrial by- product like fly ash from thermal power plant. In this paper, we had studied different types of curing method for Geopolymer concrete and evaluate the best method of curing. In this four types of curing had been done to study the effect on the geopolymer concrete and which one is the more efficient. Oven curing and steam curing had been done for different elevated temperature to evaluate optimum temperature. Water curing had been done similar to that of conventional concrete

EVALUATION ON TYPES OF FLY ASH AND ALKALINE ACTIVATORS OF GPC

The Cement production generated carbon dioxide, which pollutes the atmosphere. The Thermal Industry produces a waste called fly ash which is simply dumped on the earth, occupies larges areas. The waste water from the Chemical Industries is discharged into the ground which contaminates ground water. By producing Geo-polymer Concrete all the above mentioned issues shall be solved by rearranging them. Waste Fly Ash from Thermal Industry + Waste water from Chemical Refineries = Geo polymer concrete. Further, use of fly ash as a value added material as in the case of geopolymer concrete, reduces the consumption of cement. Reduction of cement usage will reduce the production of cement which in turn cut the CO2emissions. Many researchers have worked on the development of geopolymer cement and concrete for the past ten year

Temperature Effect on Lime Powder-Added Geopolymer Concrete

The need for concrete increases with rapid development in the field of infrastructure because of the increased use of cementing material of concrete. The production of concrete is unsafe to the earth. Consequently, there is a need to discover new binding material with cementing properties. Fly ash debris is wastage of thermal power plants and acquires hectares of land for the dumping reason. This paper concentrates on development of alternative binding material in the field of construction. The fly ash-based geopolymer concrete is a better option, but it needs heat curing for the polymerization. The use of lime powder in the geopolymer concrete gives better result without heat curing. The experiment depends on the characteristics of daylight curing and impact of temperature in controlled oven curing. The M30 grade geopolymer concrete plans with the addition of lime powder. The addition of lime powder is changed by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. The compressive strength increases with addition of lime powder, but in the cases of 20% and 25%, the workability gets hamper. The study also deals with temperature variations when oven cured for 35°C, 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C hence assessed

Effect on Geopolymer Concrete for Different Types of Curing Method

In todays world the problems we are facing day to day life is pollution and disposal of waste material of industries. In the manufacturing process of cement, emission of CO2 is more and also consumes significant amount of natural resource. In thermal power station, Main problem is disposal of waste material as well as industrial by- product like fly ash from thermal power plant. In this paper, we had studied different types of curing method for Geopolymer concrete and evaluate the best method of curing. In this four types of curing had been done to study the effect on the geopolymer concrete and which one is the more efficient. Oven curing and steam curing had been done for different elevated temperature to evaluate optimum temperature. Water curing had been done similar to that of conventional concrete

Effect of Glass Fibers on Self Compacting Concrete

Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is a specially developed concrete for concreting under extreme condition of inaccessibility from heights. It is capable to flow under influence of its own weight. It could be used when encountered with dense reinforcement and complex structural design. Problem of segregation as well as bleeding is eliminated and vibration is not required for compaction. As concrete is strong in compression and weak in tension. Hence to make it strong in tension, discontinuous Anti-Crack high dispersion glass fibers are added. SCC mix prepared with addition of discontinuous glass fibers is called as Glass Fiber reinforced Self Compacting Concrete (GFRSCC). In this paper an experimental study has been carried out to check the effect of Anti-Crack high dispersion glass fibers on the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of SCC. The result show that, as compared to the Normal SCC, the compressive strength of GFRSCC increases by 2.80% and 12.42%, the split tensile strength of GFRSCC increases by 4.47% and 25.12% and the flexural strength of SCC increases by 6.57% and 14.34% when the Cem-FIL Anti-Crack HD glass fibers were added as 0.25% and 0.50% respectively by the weight of total cementitious material contents. The addition of 0.25% Cem-FIL Anti-Crack HD glass fibers to SCC has not much affect on the workability of Normal SCC. Whereas, addition of 0.50% Cem-FIL Anti-Crack HD glass fibers reduces the workability of SCC

Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of COVID -19: coreporting of common outcomes from PAN-COVID and AAP-SONPM registries

Objective Few large cohort studies have reported data on maternal, fetal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection in pregnancy. We report the outcome of infected pregnancies from a collaboration formed early during the pandemic between the investigators of two registries, the UK and Global Pregnancy and Neonatal outcomes in COVID‐19 (PAN‐COVID) study and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section on Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine (SONPM) National Perinatal COVID‐19 Registry. Methods This was an analysis of data from the PAN‐COVID registry (1 January to 25 July 2020), which includes pregnancies with suspected or confirmed maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection at any stage in pregnancy, and the AAP‐SONPM National Perinatal COVID‐19 registry (4 April to 8 August 2020), which includes pregnancies with positive maternal testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 from 14 days before delivery to 3 days after delivery. The registries collected data on maternal, fetal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. The PAN‐COVID results are presented overall for pregnancies with suspected or confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and separately in those with confirmed infection. Results We report on 4005 pregnant women with suspected or confirmed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (1606 from PAN‐COVID and 2399 from AAP‐SONPM). For obstetric outcomes, in PAN‐COVID overall and in those with confirmed infection in PAN‐COVID and AAP‐SONPM, respectively, maternal death occurred in 0.5%, 0.5% and 0.2% of cases, early neonatal death in 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.3% of cases and stillbirth in 0.5%, 0.6% and 0.4% of cases. Delivery was preterm (< 37 weeks' gestation) in 12.0% of all women in PAN‐COVID, in 16.1% of those women with confirmed infection in PAN‐COVID and in 15.7% of women in AAP‐SONPM. Extreme preterm delivery (< 27 weeks' gestation) occurred in 0.5% of cases in PAN‐COVID and 0.3% in AAP‐SONPM. Neonatal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was reported in 0.9% of all deliveries in PAN‐COVID overall, in 2.0% in those with confirmed infection in PAN‐COVID and in 1.8% in AAP‐SONPM; the proportions of neonates tested were 9.5%, 20.7% and 87.2%, respectively. The rates of a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate were 8.2% in PAN‐COVID overall, 9.7% in those with confirmed infection and 9.6% in AAP‐SONPM. Mean gestational‐age‐adjusted birth‐weight Z‐scores were −0.03 in PAN‐COVID and −0.18 in AAP‐SONPM. Conclusions The findings from the UK and USA registries of pregnancies with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were remarkably concordant. Preterm delivery affected a higher proportion of women than expected based on historical and contemporaneous national data. The proportions of pregnancies affected by stillbirth, a SGA infant or early neonatal death were comparable to those in historical and contemporaneous UK and USA data. Although maternal death was uncommon, the rate was higher than expected based on UK and USA population data, which is likely explained by underascertainment of women affected by milder or asymptomatic infection in pregnancy in the PAN‐COVID study, although not in the AAP‐SONPM study. The data presented support strong guidance for enhanced precautions to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in pregnancy, particularly in the context of increased risks of preterm delivery and maternal mortality, and for priority vaccination of pregnant women and women planning pregnancy. Copyright © 2021 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd