Curation of viral genomes: challenges, applications and the way forward

BACKGROUND: Whole genome sequence data is a step towards generating the 'parts list' of life to understand the underlying principles of Biocomplexity. Genome sequencing initiatives of human and model organisms are targeted efforts towards understanding principles of evolution with an application envisaged to improve human health. These efforts culminated in the development of dedicated resources. Whereas a large number of viral genomes have been sequenced by groups or individuals with an interest to study antigenic variation amongst strains and species. These independent efforts enabled viruses to attain the status of 'best-represented taxa' with the highest number of genomes. However, due to lack of concerted efforts, viral genomic sequences merely remained as entries in the public repositories until recently. RESULTS: VirGen is a curated resource of viral genomes and their analyses. Since its first release, it has grown both in terms of coverage of viral families and development of new modules for annotation and analysis. The current release (2.0) includes data for twenty-five families with broad host range as against eight in the first release. The taxonomic description of viruses in VirGen is in accordance with the ICTV nomenclature. A well-characterised strain is identified as a 'representative entry' for every viral species. This non-redundant dataset is used for subsequent annotation and analyses using sequenced-based Bioinformatics approaches. VirGen archives precomputed data on genome and proteome comparisons. A new data module that provides structures of viral proteins available in PDB has been incorporated recently. One of the unique features of VirGen is predicted conformational and sequential epitopes of known antigenic proteins using in-house developed algorithms, a step towards reverse vaccinology. CONCLUSION: Structured organization of genomic data facilitates use of data mining tools, which provides opportunities for knowledge discovery. One of the approaches to achieve this goal is to carry out functional annotations using comparative genomics. VirGen, a comprehensive viral genome resource that serves as an annotation and analysis pipeline has been developed for the curation of public domain viral genome data . Various steps in the curation and annotation of the genomic data and applications of the value-added derived data are substantiated with case studies

Three-Dimensional Spatial Data Types

-Database management system have significantly changed in the last several years from a system dealing with management of administrative data they have involved to a spatial DBMS providing spatial data types, spatial indexing and extended spatial functionality. Spatial database system as database system that offers spatial data types in its model and query language and supports spatial applications. Spatial database is mainly deal with 2-D dimensionaldata (geometric data). This is sufficient for many spatial application. But on the other hand our world is 3-D and a number of possible application can be identified that would be a greatly benefit from a treatment of 3-D data. Although the provided functionality is limited to the second dimension, various options exist for management of three-dimensional data. The idea of this topics (Research paper) is 3-D geometric information of spatial database. Our research has led so far to a called abstract model that identifies the essential 3-D spatial data-types

Remarkable anti-breast cancer activity and molecular docking studies of ferrocene tethered pyrimidobenzothiazoles and pyrimidobenzimidazoles

Two new series of structurally diverse ferrocene tethered pyrimidobenzothiazoles and pyrimidobenzimidazoles were rationally designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against human breast cancer cell lines. Among the synthesized series, five molecules displayed significantly higher anticancer activity against breast carcinoma MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (GI50 0.018–0.022 µM) as compared to the standard drug doxorubicin (GI50 0.018 µM). Furthermore, most of the synthesized compounds were found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity in DPPH, SOD and FRAP assays as compared to standard ascorbic acid and trolox. Moreover, some of the compounds were found to be potent anti-angiogenic agents with angiogenic score ranging 0.8–1.4 in in-ovo chick allantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The in-silico molecular docking analysis ascertained the mode of action of target compounds via inhibition of heat shock protein90 (Hsp90)

Proceedings of National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society

This conference proceedings contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society (R{ES}2 2021). R{ES}2 2021 was organized by Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India on July 25th, 2021. Conference Title: National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and SocietyConference Acronym: R{ES}2 2021Conference Date: 25 July 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizers: Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India