Wigner delay time from a random passive and active medium

We consider the scattering of electron by a one-dimensional random potential (both passive and active medium) and numerically obtain the probability distribution of Wigner delay time ($\tau$). We show that in a passive medium our probability distribution agrees with the earlier analytical results based on random phase approximation. We have extended our study to the strong disorder limit, where random phase approximation breaks down. The delay time distribution exhibits the long time tail ($1/\tau^2$) due to resonant states, which is independent of the nature of disorder indicating the universality of the tail of the delay time distribution. In the presence of coherent absorption (active medium) we show that the long time tail is suppressed exponentially due to the fact that the particles whose trajectories traverse long distances in the medium are absorbed and are unlikely to be reflected.Comment: 13 pages RevTex, 5 EPS figures included, communicated to PR

Expression and function of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in human melanoma under non-hypoxic conditions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein is rapidly degraded under normoxic conditions. When oxygen tensions fall HIF-1α protein stabilizes and transactivates genes involved in adaptation to hypoxic conditions. We have examined the normoxic expression of HIF-1α RNA and protein in normal human melanocytes and a series of human melanoma cell lines isolated from radial growth phase (RGP), vertical growth phase (VGP) and metastatic (MET) melanomas.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>HIF-1α mRNA and protein was increased in RGP vs melanocytes, VGP vs RGP and MET vs VGP melanoma cell lines. We also detected expression of a HIF-1α mRNA splice variant that lacks part of the oxygen-dependent regulation domain in WM1366 and WM9 melanoma cells. Over-expression of HIF-1α and its splice variant in the RGP cell line SbCl2 resulted in a small increase in soft agar colony formation and a large increase in matrigel invasion relative to control transfected cells. Knockdown of HIF-1α expression by siRNA in the MET WM9 melanoma cell line resulted in a large decrease in both soft agar colony formation and matrigel invasion relative to cells treated with non-specific siRNA. There is a high level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation in WM9 cells, indicating an activated Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. Treatment of WM9 cells with 30 μM U0126 MEK inhibitor, decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and resulted in a decrease in HIF-1α expression. However, a 24 h treatment with 10 μM U0126 totally eliminated Erk1/2 phosphorylation, but did not change HIF-1alpha levels. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of MEK siRNA did not change HIF-1alpha levels.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We speculate that metabolic products of U0126 decrease HIF-1alpha expression through "off target" effects. Overall our data suggest that increased HIF-1α expression under normoxic conditions contributes to some of the malignant phenotypes exhibited by human melanoma cells. The expanded role of HIF-1α in melanoma biology increases its importance as a therapeutic target.</p

Development of smart Sorting and counting machine for industrial application

This work aims to implement industrial automation landscape by developing efficient systems to connect disparate machines and devices in an industrial environment. By creating an automated, centralized platform accessible via the internet, users can control and monitor all machines in the industry from one place. This work particularly focusses on the conveyor belt application in industry and the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Industries. To achieve this, Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Services technologies are used. These technologies enable efficient operation and monitoring of conveyor systems, ultimately leading to increased productivity, reduced downtime and increased safety. The proposed system provides real-time data for decision-making and optimization, ultimately paving the way for the future of Industry 4.0 in the conveyor belt industry. IoT and Industrial automation is the technology that can be utilized to reduce human interventions and manual overhead in the system to monitor as well as to indicate any errors in the system. Artificial Intelligence could also be used to control and monitor the industry. IoT is not a technology basically it is an ecosystem with Industry Specific Implication. In many Industries monitoring of belt conveyor application is manual with an operator, particularly for sorting application based on color, shape and size of the object. Industry 4.0 leans towards the use of sensor and internet of things to achieve these functions with no errors. This work is an effort made to realize the&nbsp; use of IoT and Industry 4.0 for sorting and counting application in an industrial environment like conveyor belt applications

Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis of Hydroxyl Content of Hydrothermally Processed Heteroepitaxial Barium Titanate Films

The concentration of hydroxyl (-OH) groups in epitaxial barium titanate (BaTiO3) films (thickness &ap; 200 nm), deposited on single-crystal strontium titanate (SrTiO3) at 150 °C by a hydrothermal technique, was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. After hydrothermal treatment, a broad FTIR resonance for the hydroxyl groups indicated a significant concentration of surface -OH groups in the films. The as-deposited films were subsequently treated hydrothermally with D2O, and the kinetics of the exchange reaction between -OH incorporated into the film and -OD from the D2O were studied using FTIR. For reactions carried out intermittently, the kinetics of the exchange reaction between -OH by -OD depended not only on the total reaction time, but also on the duration of each treatment. The broad FTIR hydroxyl resonance in the as-deposited hydrothermal film was significantly reduced only after heating for 1 h at 600-800 °C

Effect of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation on MHD Chemically Reacting Maxwell Fluid Flow Past a Linearly Stretching Sheet

This communication addresses the influence of nonlinear thermal radiation on magneto hydrodynamic Maxwell fluid flow past a linearly stretching surface with heat and mass transfer. The effects of heat generation/absorption and chemical reaction are taken into account. At first, we converted the governing partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations and solved by using Runge-Kutta based shooting technique. Further, the effects of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration fields were discussed thoroughly with the help of graphs obtained by using bvp5c MATLAB package. In view of many engineering applications we also computed the friction factor, heat and mass transfer coefficients and presented them in tables. Results indicate that an increase in thermal buoyancy parameter enhances the fluid velocity but suppresses the temperature. Deborah number have tendency to reduce the fluid velocity and mass transfer rate. It is also perceived that temperature ratio parameter has the propensity to enrich the fluid temperature

Tomato late blight yield loss assessment and risk aversion with resistant hybrid

Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) is one of the devastating diseases of tomato worldwide. Field trial was carried out in Kharif 2019 and 2020 in Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, to estimate yield loss due to late blight and to assess extent of protection in resistant genotype during late blight epiphytotics. Yield loss was calculated as per cent difference in yield between fungicides treated and unprotected plots in three F1 hybrids NS501, Arka Rakshak, both susceptible genotypes and Arka Abhed, a resistant genotype. Over two years, average yield loss due to late blight was 79.47 per cent in NS501, 75.53 per cent in Arka Rakshak and 12.84 per cent in Arka Abhed. With lower mean AUDPC values (147.22 in 2019 and 469.17 in 2020) and with low yield loss, Arka Abhed provided affordable protection against late blight. Our findings indicate late blight as an economically important peril to be considered for tomato yield loss coverage under insurance scheme in Bengaluru region. Arka Abhed hybrid can be cultivated to avert yield loss risk associated with late blight epiphytotics

Mid-Breton Sediment Diversion (MBrSD) Assessment – Final Report

The purpose of this project is to provide managers at the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources (MDMR) with the scientific information needed to accurately address public concerns regarding the potential effects of the Louisiana Coastal Master Plan / Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (CPRA) Mid-Breton Sediment Diversion (MBrSD) on the jurisdictional waters and resources of Mississippi. The stated design purpose of the MBrSD is to reconnect and re-establish the deltaic sediment deposition process between the Mississippi River and the Breton Sound Basin through a diversion that will deliver up to 75,000 cfs of sediment-laden freshwater. The report presented herein provides model-based guidance on the impact that the introduction of the MBrSD will have on salinity conditions in the Mississippi Sound (MSS) and Mississippi\u27s jurisdictional waters that encompass oyster reef locations. Oysters are key ecosystem health indicators and economic drivers for the State of Mississippi and freshwater diversions into the western MS Sound (WMSS) have recently led to significant, unprecedented environmental impacts resulting in oyster mortality. The potential addition of a new pathway for additional freshwater to be introduced into the MSS requires careful assessment of the potential impacts that may be incurred. This project is designed to assess the impact of implementing the MBrSD on the physical environment in the WMSS. The primary aim is to understand the connectivity between MBrSD-derived freshwater input to Breton Sound on the environmental conditions impacting the oyster reefs of the WMSS near Bay St. Louis. A physical ocean modeling system based on the Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Wave Sediment Transport (COAWST) has been used to simulate the circulation and dynamics over the entire MSS with the analysis presented herein focusing particularly on the western to central MSS. This project demonstrates the importance of applying modeling-based scientific research and the capability of physical ocean circulation models for assessing aquatic ecosystem health, particularly in key oyster reef areas

Unsteady boundary layer flow of thermophoretic MHD nanofluid past a stretching sheet with space and time dependent internal heat source/sink

In this study we analyze the boundary layer flow of a thermophoretic magnetohydrodynamic dissipative nanofluid over an unsteady stretching sheet in a porous medium with space and time dependent internal heat source/sink. The governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation. Numerical solutions of these equations are obtained by using the Shooting Technique. The effects of non-dimensional governing parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, friction factor, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and presented through graphs and tables. Accuracy of the results compared with the existing ones. Excellent agreement is found with earlier studies

Radiation and Soret Effects of MHD Nanofluid Flow over a Moving Vertical Moving Plate in Porous Medium

We analyzed the magneticfiled, radiation and soret effects of a nanofluid flow over a moving vertical plate in porous medium. We considered two types of nanofluids namely Cu-Ethylene glycol, CuO-Ethylene glycol. The governing partial differential equations of the flow are transformed to ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation and then solved numerically. The effects of non-dimensional governing parameters namely volume fraction of nano particles,  magneticfiled parameter, radiation parameter, soret number, buoyancy parameter and porosity parameter on the flow, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed and presented graphically. Also, the friction factor and Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are discussed and given in tabular form for two nanofluids separately. Keywords: MHD, Radiation, Soret effect, Porous medium, Nanofluid

DESIGNING ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR FOR EXTENDING THE LIFETIME OF INVERTER

The compensator acquires energy in the electricity connect to sustain the current on its electricity side and creates an ac current to combat the current ripple around the electricity link. Because the compensator processes small ripple current around the electricity link and reactive power, it may be implemented with low-current products, and therefore, its volt amplifier rating is small. A grid-tie solar inverter having a series current compensator for lowering the high-current electricity-link capacitance is presented. Because the needed energy storage from the electricity link, created with a reduced worth of the electricity-link capacitor and also the compensator, is reduced, the architecture enables changing commonly used electrolytic capacitors with options of longer lifetime, for example power film capacitors, or stretching the machine lifetime even when there's a substantial decrease in the capacitance of electrolytic capacitors because of aging. Detailed mathematical analysis around the dynamic and static behaviors from the overall system, and also the control method will be provided. Finally, the implementation cost with electrolytic-capacitor and compensator for that electricity link is going to be in comparison. A simplified design technique of the compensator will be presented. A Couple-kW, 220-V, 50-Hz prototype continues to be built and evaluated. The theoretical predictions are in comparison positively with experimental results