35,501 research outputs found
Effective one-body dynamics in multiple-quantum NMR experiments
A suitable NMR experiment in a one-dimensional dipolar coupled spin system
allows one to reduce the natural many-body dynamics into effective one-body
dynamics. We verify this in a polycrystalline sample of hydroxyapatite (HAp) by
monitoring the excitation of NMR many-body superposition states: the
multiple-quantum coherences. The observed effective one-dimensionality of HAp
relies on the quasi 1d structure of the dipolar coupled network that, as we
show here, is dynamically enhanced by the quantum Zeno effect. Decoherence is
also probed through a Loschmidt echo experiment, where the time reversal is
implemented on the double-quantum Hamiltonian, I_{i,+}I_{j,+} + I_{i,-}I_{j,-}.
We contrast the decoherence of adamantane, a standard 3d system, with that of
HAp. While the first shows an abrupt Fermi-type decay, HAp presents a smooth
exponential law.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure
Uncertainties in gas kinematics arising from stellar continuum modelling in integral field spectroscopy data: the case of NGC2906 observed with MUSE/VLT
We study how the use of several stellar subtraction methods and line fitting
approaches can affect the derivation of the main kinematic parameters (velocity
and velocity dispersion fields) of the ionized gas component. The target of
this work is the nearby galaxy NGC 2906, observed with the MUSE instrument at
Very Large Telescope. A sample of twelve spectra is selected from the inner
(nucleus) and outer (spiral arms) regions, characterized by different
ionization mechanisms. We compare three different methods to subtract the
stellar continuum (FIT3D, STARLIGHT and pPXF), combined with one of the
following stellar libraries: MILES, STELIB and GRANADA+MILES. The choice of the
stellar subtraction method is the most important ingredient affecting the
derivation of the gas kinematics, followed by the choice of the stellar library
and by the line fitting approach. In our data, typical uncertainties in the
observed wavelength and width of the H\alpha and [NII] lines are of the order
of _rms \sim 0.1\AA\ and _rms \sim 0.2\AA\ (\sim 5
and 10km/s, respectively). The results obtained from the [NII] line seem to be
slightly more robust, as it is less affected by stellar absorption than
H\alpha. All methods considered yield statistically consistent measurements
once a mean systemic contribution
\Delta\bar\lambda=\Delta\bar\sigma=0.2xDelta_{MUSE} is added in quadrature to
the line fitting errors, where \Delta_{MUSE} = 1.1\AA\ \sim 50 km/s denotes the
instrumental resolution of the MUSE spectra. Although the subtraction of the
stellar continuum is critical in order to recover line fluxes, any method
(including none) can be used in order to measure the gas kinematics, as long as
an additional component of 0.2 x Delta_MUSE is added to the error budget.Comment: 20 pages, 14 figure
Towards optimal quantum tomography with unbalanced homodyning
Balanced homodyning, heterodyning and unbalanced homodyning are the three well-known sampling techniques used in quantum optics to characterize all possible photonic sources in continuous-variable quantum information theory. We show that for all quantum states and all observable-parameter tomography schemes, which includes the reconstructions of arbitrary operator moments and phase-space quasi-distributions, localized sampling with unbalanced homodyning is always tomographically more powerful (gives more accurate estimators) than delocalized sampling with heterodyning. The latter is recently known to often give more accurate parameter reconstructions than conventional marginalized sampling with balanced homodyning. This result also holds for realistic photodetectors with subunit efficiency. With examples from first- through fourth-moment tomography, we demonstrate that unbalanced homodyning can outperform balanced homodyning when heterodyning fails to do so. This new benchmark takes us one step towards optimal continuous-variable tomography with conventional photodetectors and minimal experimental components
Analysis of the D^+ → K^-π^+e^+ν_e decay channel
Using 347.5 fb^(-1) of data recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II electron-positron collider, 244×10^3 signal events for the D^+ → K^-π^+e^+ν_e decay channel are analyzed. This decay mode is dominated by the K̅ ^*(892)^0 contribution. We determine the K̅ ^*(892)^0 parameters: m_(K^*(892)^0)=(895.4±0.2±0.2) MeV/c^2, Γ_(K^*(892)^0)=(46.5±0.3±0.2) MeV/c^2, and the Blatt-Weisskopf parameter r_(BW) =2.1±0.5±0.5 (GeV/c)^-1, where the first uncertainty comes from statistics and the second from systematic uncertainties. We also measure the parameters defining the corresponding hadronic form factors at q^2 = 0 (r_V = ^(V(0))/_(A1(0)) = 1.463 ± 0.017 ± 0.031, r_2 = _(A1(0)) ^(A2(0))= 0.801±0.020±0.020) and the value of the axial-vector pole mass parametrizing the q^2 variation of A_1 and A_2: m_A=(2.63±0.10±0.13) GeV/c^2. The S-wave fraction is equal to (5.79±0.16±0.15)%. Other signal components correspond to fractions below 1%. Using the D^+ → K^-π^+π^+ channel as a normalization, we measure the D^+ semileptonic branching fraction: B(D^+ → K^-π^+e^+ν_e)=(4.00±0.03±0.04±0.09)×10^(-2), where the third uncertainty comes from external inputs. We then obtain the value of the hadronic form factor A_1 at q^2=0: A_1(0)=0.6200±0.0056±0.0065±0.0071. Fixing the P-wave parameters, we measure the phase of the S wave for several values of the Kπ mass. These results confirm those obtained with Kπ production at small momentum transfer in fixed target experiments
Study of B → Xγ decays and determination of |V_(td)/V_(ts)|
Using a sample of 471×10^6 BB̅[overbar] events collected with the BABAR detector, we study the sum of seven exclusive final states B→X_(s(d))γ, where X_(s(d)) is a strange (nonstrange) hadronic system with a mass of up to 2.0 GeV/c^2. After correcting for unobserved decay modes, we obtain a branching fraction for b→dγ of (9.2±2.0(stat)±2.3(syst))×10^(-6) in this mass range, and a branching fraction for b→sγ of (23.0±0.8(stat)±3.0(syst))×10^(-5) in the same mass range. We find B[script](b→dγ)/B[script](b→sγ)=0.040±0.009(stat)±0.010(syst), from which we determine |V_(td)/V_(ts)|=0.199±0.022(stat)±0.024(syst)±0.002(th)
Observation of η_c(1S) and η_c(2S) decays to K^+K^-π^+π^-π^0 in two-photon interactions
We study the processes γγ→K_S^0K^±π^∓ and γγ→K^+K^-π^+π-π^0 using a data sample of 519.2fb^(-1) recorded by the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e^+e^- collider at center-of-mass energies near the Υ(nS) (n=2, 3, 4) resonances. We observe the η_c(1S), χ_(c0)(1P) and η_c(2S) resonances produced in two-photon interactions and decaying to K^+K^-π^+π^-π^0, with significances of 18.1, 5.4 and 5.3 standard deviations (including systematic errors), respectively, and report 4.0σ evidence of the χ_(c2)(1P) decay to this final state. We measure the η_c(2S) mass and width in K_S^0K^±π^∓ decays, and obtain the values m(η_c(2S))=3638.5±1.5±0.8 MeV/c^2 and Γ(η_c(2S))=13.4±4.6±3.2 MeV, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. We measure the two-photon width times branching fraction for the reported resonance signals, and search for the χ_(c2)(2P) resonance, but no significant signal is observed
Evidence for the decay X(3872)→J/ψω
We present a study of the decays B^(0,+)→J/ψπ^+π^-π^0K^(0,+), using 467×10^6 BB[overbar] pairs recorded with the BABAR detector. We present evidence for the decay mode X(3872)→J/ψω, with product branching fractions B(B^+→X(3872)K^+)×B(X(3872)→J/ψω)=[0.6±0.2(stat)±0.1(syst)]×10^(-5), and B(B^0→X(3872)K^0)×B(X(3872)→J/ψω)=[0.6±0.3(stat)±0.1(syst)]×10^(-5). A detailed study of the π^+π^-π^0 mass distribution from X(3872) decay favors a negative-parity assignment
Study of B → πlν and B → ρlν decays and determination of |V_(ub)|
We present an analysis of exclusive charmless semileptonic B-meson decays based on 377 × 10^6 BB̅ pairs recorded with the BABAR detector at the Υ(4S) resonance. We select four event samples corresponding to the decay modes B^0 → π^-ℓ^+ν, B^+ → π^0ℓ^+ν, B^0 → ρ^-ℓ^+ν, and B^+ → ρ^0ℓ^+ν and find the measured branching fractions to be consistent with isospin symmetry. Assuming isospin symmetry, we combine the two B → πℓν samples, and similarly the two B → ρℓν samples, and measure the branching fractions B(B^0→π^-ℓ^+ν)=(1.41 ± 0.05 ± 0.07) × 10^(-4) and B(B^0 → ρ^-ℓ^+ν)=(1.75 ± 0.15 ± 0.27) × 10^(-4), where the errors are statistical and systematic. We compare the measured distribution in q^2, the momentum transfer squared, with predictions for the form factors from QCD calculations and determine the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |V_(ub)|. Based on the measured partial branching fraction for B → πℓν in the range q^2 < 12 GeV^2 and the most recent QCD light-cone sum-rule calculations, we obtain |V_(ub)|=(3.78 ± 0.13^(+0.55)_(-0.40)) × 10^(-3), where the errors refer to the experimental and theoretical uncertainties. From a simultaneous fit to the data over the full q^2 range and the FNAL/MILC lattice QCD results, we obtain |V_(ub)|=(2.95 ± 0.31) × 10^(-3) from B → πℓν, where the error is the combined experimental and theoretical uncertainty
Measurement of CP observables in B^± → D_(CP)K^± decays and constraints on the CKM angle γ
Using the entire sample of 467×10^6 Υ(4S)→BB[overbar] decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, we perform an analysis of B^± → DK^± decays, using decay modes in which the neutral D meson decays to either CP-eigenstates or non-CP-eigenstates. We measure the partial decay rate charge asymmetries for CP-even and CP-odd D final states to be A_(CP+) = 0.25±0.06±0.02 and A_(CP-) = -0.09±0.07±0.02, respectively, where the first error is the statistical and the second is the systematic uncertainty. The parameter A_(CP+) is different from zero with a significance of 3.6 standard deviations, constituting evidence for direct CP violation. We also measure the ratios of the charged-averaged B partial decay rates in CP and non-CP decays, R_(CP+) = 1.18±0.09±0.05 and R_(CP-) = 1.07±0.08±0.04. We infer frequentist confidence intervals for the angle γ of the unitarity triangle, for the strong phase difference δ_B, and for the amplitude ratio r_B, which are related to the B^- → DK^- decay amplitude by r_(B)e^(i(δB-γ)) = A(B^- → D[overbar]^(0)K^-)/A(B^- → D^(0)K^-). Including statistical and systematic uncertainties, we obtain 0.24 < r_B < 0.45 (0.06 < r_B <0.51) and, modulo 180°, 11.3° < γ < 22.7° or 80.8° < γ <99.2° or 157.3° <γ < 168.7° (7.0°<γ<173.0°) at the 68% (95%) confidence level
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