Trait Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Self-Efficacy: Their Relationship with Collective Efficacy

Presentamos un modelo de liderazgo para examinar las relaciones entre la inteligencia emocional rasgo, la autoeficacia para el liderazgo y la autoeficacia para la tarea del líder con las creencias de eficacia colectiva para la tarea y el desempeño grupal. La muestra fue compuesta por 217 estudiantes universitarios que fueron asignados al azar a equipos de trabajo conformados de 1 líder y 2 seguidores para llevar a cabo una tarea de producción. Para medir la inteligencia emocional rasgo se empleó una versión adaptada de la escala Schutte Self-Report Inventory (Schutte et al., 1998). Para verificar las hipótesis principales, se utilizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados indicaron que la autoeficacia del líder para la tarea fue una variable mediadora entre la autoeficacia para el liderazgo y la eficacia colectiva para la tarea; ésta a su vez fue la mejor predictora de la desempeño grupal. La IE rasgo no tuvo relación con la eficacia colectiva para la tarea pero, en una dirección no esperada, la IE rasgo se asoció positivamente con la autoeficacia para el liderazgo. Se comentan las implicaciones de los resultados.In this article, a leadership model is presented, with which to investigate the relationship of trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), leadership self-efficacy and leader’s task self-efficacy with collective task efficacy and group performance. The sample was made up of 217 undergraduate students, randomly assigned to work teams of 1 leader and 2 followers that were requested to perform a production task. An adapted version of the Schutte Self-Report Inventory (SSRI; Schutte et al., 1998) was used to measure trait EI. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Results indicated that task self-efficacy was a mediator between leadership self-efficacy and collective task efficacy; the latter, in turn, was the best predictor of group performance. No significant relationship was found between trait EI and collective task efficacy although, unexpectedly, trait EI was positively associated with leadership self-efficacy. Implications of the results are discussed

Experimental measurements of the scattered-light polarization from different liquid flows

An experimental system designed to measure very low optical powers, of the order of a few picowatts, is presented. Its main aid is to detect the polarisation state of scattered light from a fluid flow, in different angular directions with respect to the longitudinal axis of the flow. A laser beam incident linearly polarized crosses the fluid flow orthogonally. The scattered light is detected by means of a photodetector situated behind a lineal polarizer whose orientation can be rotated. The outgoing electrical signal is amplified by means of a Mode-lockin amplifier and is digitally processed

Synchronizing chaotic optically-programmable digital circuits

In this paper an approach to the synchronization of chaotic circuits has been reported. It is based on an optically programmable logic cell and the signals involved are fully digital. It is based on the reception of the same input signal on sender and receiver and from this approach, with a posterior correlation between both outputs, an identical chaotic output is obtained in both systems. No conversion from analog to digital signals is needed. The model here presented is based on a computer simulation

A model of the mammalian retina and the visual cortex. Disorders of vision

A model of the mammalian retina and the behavior of the first layers in the visual cortex is reported. The building blocks are optically programmable logic cells. A model of the retina, similar to the one reported by Dowling (1987) is presented. From the model of the visual cortex obtained, some types of symmetries and asymmetries are possible to be detecte

O papel de responsabilidade social das organizações de ensino superior: um estudo de caso

A responsabilidade das universidades perante a sociedade e da sociedade perante as universidades constitui uma espécie de contracto entre elas, nos campos socioeconómico e cultural. As novas necessidades de Conhecimento na “Sociedade do Conhecimento” levaram ao aparecimento de novas disciplinas, à introdução de novos métodos de ensino como o ensino à distância e à necessidade de gerir o ensino ao longo de toda a vida. Presentemente velicam-se fortes ligações entre a investigação universitária, o ensino e o mundo laboral e o aumento da participação das universidades no desenvolvimento regional. A democratização do ensino aumentou o acesso à Universidade, que teve que enfrentar o desafio da massificação do Ensino Superior. Um bom exemplo desta situação é o que se passou em Portugal nos anos que se seguiram à Revolução de 25 de Abril. O combate aos efeitos negativos da globalização da economia, especialmente àqueles que decorrem da mercadorização do Conhecimento faz parte da responsabilidade social da Universidade. O Instituto Piaget foi escolhido para o “Estudo de Caso”. É uma cooperativa de ensino sem fins lucrativos, que em cerca de 25 anos passou de uma pequena Escola de Educadores de Infância para um Instituto Superior Universitário com cerca de 8.000 alunos nos ensinos Superior Universitário e Politécnico. As suas Escolas foram construídas de raiz em áreas muito diversificadas, algumas delas áreas deprimidas onde era necessário fixar as populações e contribuir para o seu desenvolvimento. /ABSTRACT - The responsibilities of universities towards society and of society towards universities, constitutes a kind of contract between them, in the socio-economic and cultural fields. New needs of knowledge in the “Knowledge Society” forced new disciplines to appear and the introduction of new ways of education such as distance learning, short duration courses and managing life long learning. Nowadays strong links between university research, teaching and employment can be seen and there is a growing participation of universities in regional development. The democratization of education has increased the access to University, which has to face the challenge of mass Higher Education. A good example of this is Portugal after the revolution of April 1974. University responsibility also includes the fight against the negative effects of the globalization economy and especially those that came from the transformation of knowledge into merchandise to complete this Work the Instituto Piaget was elected as a “study case”. It is a non profit-making cooperative that started 25 years ago as training college for kindergartens educators has developed into a High Education Institutes with thousands of students. Their Schools are built from the roots in many different areas, some of them in remote places in order to settle down population and increase development

Analysis of tidal flows through the Strait of Gibraltar using Dynamic Mode Decomposition

The Strait of Gibraltar is a region characterized by intricate oceanic sub-mesoscale features, influenced by topography, tidal forces, instabilities, and nonlinear hydraulic processes, all governed by the nonlinear equations of fluid motion. In this study, we aim to uncover the underlying physics of these phenomena within 3D MIT general circulation model simulations, including waves, eddies, and gyres. To achieve this, we employ Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) to break down simulation snapshots into Koopman modes, with distinct exponential growth/decay rates and oscillation frequencies. Our objectives encompass evaluating DMD's efficacy in capturing known features, unveiling new elements, ranking modes, and exploring order reduction. We also introduce modifications to enhance DMD's robustness, numerical accuracy, and robustness of eigenvalues. DMD analysis yields a comprehensive understanding of flow patterns, internal wave formation, and the dynamics of the Strait of Gibraltar, its meandering behaviors, and the formation of a secondary gyre, notably the Western Alboran Gyre, as well as the propagation of Kelvin and coastal-trapped waves along the African coast. In doing so, it significantly advances our comprehension of intricate oceanographic phenomena and underscores the immense utility of DMD as an analytical tool for such complex datasets, suggesting that DMD could serve as a valuable addition to the toolkit of oceanographers

Thalamic innervation of the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways in the rat: Ipsi- and contralateral projections

The present study describes the thalamic innervation coming from the rat parafascicular nucleus (PF) onto striatal and subthalamic efferent neurons projecting either to the globus pallidus (GP) or to the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) by using a protocol for multiple neuroanatomical tracing. Both striatofugal neurons targeting the ipsilateral SNr (direct pathway) as well as striatal efferent neurons projecting to the ipsilateral GP (indirect pathway) were located within the terminal fields of the thalamostriatal afferents. In the subthalamic nucleus (STN), both neurons projecting to ipsilateral GP as well as neurons projecting to ipsilateral SNr also appear to receive thalamic afferents. Although the projections linking the caudal intralaminar nuclei with the ipsilateral striatum and STN are far more prominent, we also noticed that thalamic axons could gain access to the contralateral STN. Furthermore, a small number of STN neurons were seen to project to both the contralateral GP and PF nuclei. These ipsi- and contralateral projections enable the caudal intralaminar nuclei to modulate the activity of both the direct and the indirect pathway

Analysis of the elastic scattering measured with a 23.7 MeV 7Be beam on a 9Be target.

We present new data for the reaction 7Be+9Be measured at Elab =23.7 MeV. The elastic scattering angular distribution has been analyzed using the phenomenological optical model and the coupled-channels method. In the latter approach, we assumed a two-cluster model of the 7Be nucleus, and we included explicitly the ground state and first excited state of this nucleus. The contribution of the inelastic excitation of the 7Be nucleus to the quasielastic cross sections has been investigated.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC). España FPA2006-13807-c02-01Spanish Consolider-Ingenio programme CPAN CSD2007-0004