Lubricant rheology applied to elastohydrodynamic lubrication

Viscosity measurements in a high pressure rheometer, elastohydrodynamic simulator studies (including the development of a temperature measuring technique), and analytical fluid modeling for elastohydrodynamic contacts are described. The more recent research which is described concerns infrared temperature measurements in elastohydrodynamic contacts and the exploration of the glassy state of lubricants. A correlation, of engineering significance, was made between transient surface temperature measurements and surface roughness profiles. Measurements of glass transitions of lubricants and the study of the effect of rate processes on materials lead to the conclusion that typical lubricants go into the glassy state as they pass through the contact region of typical elastohydrodynamic contacts

Drilling for Admiralty: The OCSLA as a Bar to Maritime Law in OCS Drilling Accidents

Maritime law is ultimately driven by commerce. The seas were—and continue to be—one of the easiest ways to transfer goods over large distances. Yet maritime commerce has a relative newcomer that is not shipping or transportation focused—offshore drilling. Should admiralty and maritime law, intended to protect seamen and keep ships engaged in maritime commerce apply to personal injury claims on drilling rigs on the Outer Continental Shelf? This Note argues that they should not apply for two reasons. In Lozman v. Riviera Beach, the Supreme Court announced that a “vessel” should appear to the reasonable observer as intended to carry a person or things over water. Because a maritime tort requires a “vessel,” and the Lozman definition thereof suggests that drilling rigs are not “vessels,” admiralty and maritime law generally cannot apply to torts on drilling rigs. Moreover, Congress was explicit in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act that structures engaged in drilling were to be treated as enclaves of federal law in some “upland state.” Because the OCSLA is clear that it intends federal law such as the Long Shore Harbor Worker Compensation Act to apply to drill platform workers, admiralty and the general maritime law should not apply to drilling-related torts occurring on such rigs

The Utility of Military Crews in Space

Military manned space systems have gone through a painful evolution. A brief review is made of the history of such systems, including the Dyna-soar and Manned Orbiting Laboratory programs. The results of the Apollo program are discussed. Recent high level policy declarations are reviewed including a letter from the Air Force Chief of Staff and two Presidential directives. Results of theoretical studies on the utility of manned systems are reviewed, leading into a discussion of manned military space missions that are either planned or being considered

Pressure-viscosity measurements for several lubricants to 5.5 x 10 to the 8th power Newtons per square meter (8 x 10 to the 4th psi) and 149 C (300 F)

A capillary viscometer was used to measure viscosity as a function of pressure, temperature, and shear stress for a number of lubricants. The conditions under which the measurements were made are specified. The results obtained for each material are analyzed. It was determined that all pressure-viscosity coefficients decreased with increasing temperature. Data from other techniques such as optical elastohydrodynamics, oscillating crystal, and low shear capillary viscometry were compared with the results obtained

Bulletin No. 29 - Irrigation: Amount of Water to Use. Relative Feeding Values of Timothy, Lucerne and Wild Hay

In Bulletin 24 are given results of the first three years of experimentation as to the relation between the amount of water used and crop yield, soil fertility, and the exit, through drains, of the matters held in solution in the water applied. In this report are included the results of the first three years, plus those of the past season. The experiment is regarded of the very highest importance in that it deals with the right amount of water essential to the growth of wheat and grass crops, but more especially as it approximately determines whether the materials of plant growth held in solution by irrigating waters are taken up by the soil, or whether the water, in passing through the soil, actually has added to it soluble matters already in the soil before the application of the water

Bulletin No. 30 - Narrow vs. Wide Nutrituve Rations for Horses

In the third annual report of this Station (1892) the result of feeding wide and narrow nutritive rations to horses was given. This trial was favorable to the narrow nutritive ration. This ration was made up of clover, oats and wheat , while the wide ration was made up of timothy and corn. The trial ran through the summer, when the influence of what has been termed heating food, like corn, might be less effective than in the winter season. Many believe that the more varieties of food given the better the result, as the palatableness of food, it is claimed, has a reflex influence on the appetite and digestive system. The weight to be attached to such reasoning is uncertain. The influence of season on the ration to be fed is less doubtful

Bulletin No. 31 - Time to Harvest Lucerne. Mulching.

The opinion has prevailed in scientific as well as in practical circles, that hay cut before or during bloom is more valuable, pound for pound, than when cut at a later period, and it is even maintained that the gross product per acre is more valuable. The old assumption, now somewhat modified, that as plants mature a part of the starch and sugar is converted into fibre, and that the nutrition of the stem is moved into the seed, led to the belief that early-cut hay was both more digestible and more valuable than that cut at a later period. The writer conducted experiments in New Hampshire for four years on the influence of the time of cutting on the value of timothy hay, with the result that the hay cut from eight to fifteen days after bloom was equally as valuable, if not more valuable, than the hay cut in bloom. Scientific men at once claimed that this must be an error. Subsequent experiments by others, however, have demonstrated the correctness of the position then taken, so far as timothy hay is concerned. The same was found in part to be true of clover. The experiments in question showed that hay cut after bloom weighed much more per acre than when cut in bloom