Alien Registration- Sanbar, Daniel (Portland, Cumberland County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/32187/thumbnail.jp

Environmental Law in Madagascar: The Nagoya Protocol on Genetic Resource Use, Access and Benefit Sharing

The rapid expansion of the biosciences has led many to turn to nature in search of genetic resources of commercial value. Bioprospecting, or the search for plants and animals from which commercially valuable compounds can be obtained, is often a transnational activity. Four-fifths of the world’s biodiversity is found in developing countries, and those searching to exploit the biodiversity of these nations overwhelmingly tend to come from developed, wealthy countries. This asymmetry, when coupled with the lack of institutional legislative frameworks and regulation, creates a plethora of user/host conflicts. This paper seeks to examine the current state of affairs regarding environmental law in Madagascar as it relates to management of bioprospecting and genetic resource use conflicts. Firstly, it will examine international and domestic environmental law – with an emphasis on the recently ratified Convention on Biodiversity and the Nagoya Protocol. Secondly, non-governmental contractual agreements between local and foreign entities will be examined, with an emphasis on the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group as a case study. The study will conclude with suggestions, warnings, and potential future research opportunities

De-Fence Europe! The Defence Industry, the Refugee Crisis, and the Shaping of EU Border Policy

This thesis explores some of the connections between the defence industry and the European border policy that emerged leading up to, and following, the European refugee crisis of 2015. The paper is divided into two parts. The first seeks to examine and understand the context in which the refugee crisis occurred. In order to do this, I begin with a literature review that uses the integration theory of Multilevel Governance to understand how and where the European Union (EU) is susceptible to political pressure or special interest influence. Next, I present a brief history of the causes and course of the crisis, the pre-existing border regime, and the defence industry and lobby. The second section synthesises the context provided in the first section in order to determine whether actors in the defence industry were lucky beneficiaries of policies movements that happened to benefit them, or, if they were proactive lobbyists. I identify four trends in policy, namely the militarisation, centralisation, privatisation, and externalisation of border controls, and I discuss each trend, lobbyist influence, and the implications each trend has for refugees. Finally, I conclude that although there is significant evidence of lobbyist influence in shaping the policies, the presence of a myriad of other factors makes it nearly impossible to quantify how big a role lobbyist influence was in determining outcomes. Nevertheless, the implications of such institutional susceptibilities to lobbying in the EU should be both cause for concern and further inquiry

Action of hydralazine on glucose turnover and plasma lipids in dogs

Acute effects of a single intravenous injection of hydralazine (20 mg./Kg.) on heart rate, femoral arterial blood pressure, glucose turnover (technique of priming injection-continuous infusion of glucose-U-C14) and plasma lipids and catecholamines were studied in 15 anesthetized dogs. In 6 of the dogs, 3 received isotonic saline solution and 3 received hydralazine diluent. These control dogs had no changes in heart rate, arterial pressure or levels of plasma glucose and FFA. In the others, hydralazine produced significant, prompt and sustained increments in plasma FFA and heart rate and a decrement in diastolic (no change in systolic) blood pressure, the respective mean maximal changes from control levels being 330 Eq./L., 57 x/min., and 26 mm.Hg. Plasma level and rate of appearance (hepatic output) of glucose increased after hydralazine, with a maximum increase in plasma glucose of 58 mg. % above control after injection. Rate of disappearance (tissue uptake) of glucose remained unaltered despite the hyperglycemia. In 3 dogs, high inferior vena cava blood showed marked increases above control levels of both plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine after hydralazine. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not change. In conclusion, hydralazine induces hyperglycemia by increasing rate of appearance and by relatively inhibiting rate of disappearance of glucose. The changes in glucose turnover and the noted elevations in plasma FFA and heart rate are paralleled by increased secretion of catecholamines.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32991/1/0000375.pd

Stimulation by octanoate of insulin release from isolated rat pancreas

Using pieces of rat pancreas incubated in Krebs-bicarbonate buffer containing 0.6 mg. glucose/ml., it has been found that addition of 3.0 mM. octanoate to the incubation medium significantly (p < .001) increased insulin release above control levels by 4.94 +/- 0.89 [mu]U. insulin/mg. of pancreatic tissue. Increasing the glucose concentration in the incubation medium to 3.0 mg./ml. without addition of octanoate produced a slightly smaller though significant (p < .05) increase in insulin release (2.96 +/- 0.96 [mu]U./mg.) above control levels. In conclusion, octanoate is capable of directly stimulating additional release of insulin by the beta-cells of the pancreas.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33336/1/0000733.pd

IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO EFFECTS OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE ON PLATELET ADHESIVENESS IN HUMAN BLOOD

Intravenous infusion of 500 ml. 6% polyvinylpyrrolidone (P.V.P. (Mw 40,000) in isotonic saline solution over a 2-hour period significantly diminished platelet adhesiveness in eight subjects from 27% before infusion to as low as 10% at the end of the infusion. 5 hours after the end of the infusion, platelet adhesiveness was still significantly reduced (16%). The addition of P.V.P. to citrated blood in vitro significantly decreased platelet adhesiveness. Both in vivo and in vitro, the platelet-count was not significantly altered by P.V.P. The in-vivo change in platelet adhesiveness is similar to that reported by others with dextran-a plasma expander that differs chemically from P.V.P.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33274/1/0000666.pd

Clinical observations on a new antihypertensive drug, 2-(2,6-dichlorphenylamine)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride

The drug 2-(2,6-dichlorphenylamine)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride, available as Catapres, was given to 16 patients with established hypertension. Six patients were studied for one month to detect abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism. None were found. Ten severely hypertensive patients were maintained for from 5 to 11 months on Catapres and diuretics.In a single dose, Catapres invariably lowered the blood pressure significantly, but without producing orthostatic hypotension. The maximum effect occurred between 2 and 3 hours after ingestion of the drug. The duration of drug action was 4 to 6 hours.In long-term treatment of ten patients, Catapres, combined with a diuretic, proved to be as effective as a diuretic plus guanethidine or Aldomet, which the patients had previously been taking. A dose of 0.400 to 1.200 mg. of Catapres was equivalent to 1.5 to 2.0 Gm. of Aldomet or 50 to 100 mg. of guanethidine.The chief side effect of the drug was drowsiness, but this was not incapacitating, it did not require cessation of treatment, and it became less prominent with the passage of time. In patients who had experienced severe orthostatic hypotension on other drug regimens, the condition was considerably relieved by Catapres. No signs of toxicity were noted, as judged by carbohydrate tolerance, BUN, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, and hematologic determinations.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32994/1/0000378.pd