Real-Time Multimodal Bioimaging of Cancer Cells and Exosomes through Biosynthesized Iridium and Iron Nanoclusters

Multimodal bioimaging is a powerful tool for visualizing the abnormal state at the target site of the related disease. In this study, we used multimodal imaging techniques such as computed tomography, fluorescence, and magnetic resonance imaging to improve early and precise diagnosis of tumor. Herein, we reported the facile in situ biosynthesis of iridium and iron oxide nanoclusters (NCs) in cancer cells or tumor tissue. These NCs are used as a multimodal bioimaging probe to improve the image sensitivity and specificity toward the tumor. These NCs are applied for the in vivo multimodal imaging in the form of an imaging probe capable of enhancing the sensitivity of the image and specificity toward the tumor tissue. Our observation demonstrates that highly luminescent and magnetic NCs are not only biocompatible but also tumor-targeted because NC formation does not take place in normal cells and tissues. In addition, we isolated exosomes and the biosynthesized NCs internalized within exosomes, and these exosomes can be used as cancer biomarkers

Real-Time Multimodal Bioimaging of Cancer Cells and Exosomes through Biosynthesized Iridium and Iron Nanoclusters

Multimodal bioimaging is a powerful tool for visualizing the abnormal state at the target site of the related disease. In this study, we used multimodal imaging techniques such as computed tomography, fluorescence, and magnetic resonance imaging to improve early and precise diagnosis of tumor. Herein, we reported the facile in situ biosynthesis of iridium and iron oxide nanoclusters (NCs) in cancer cells or tumor tissue. These NCs are used as a multimodal bioimaging probe to improve the image sensitivity and specificity toward the tumor. These NCs are applied for the in vivo multimodal imaging in the form of an imaging probe capable of enhancing the sensitivity of the image and specificity toward the tumor tissue. Our observation demonstrates that highly luminescent and magnetic NCs are not only biocompatible but also tumor-targeted because NC formation does not take place in normal cells and tissues. In addition, we isolated exosomes and the biosynthesized NCs internalized within exosomes, and these exosomes can be used as cancer biomarkers

Real-Time Multimodal Bioimaging of Cancer Cells and Exosomes through Biosynthesized Iridium and Iron Nanoclusters

Multimodal bioimaging is a powerful tool for visualizing the abnormal state at the target site of the related disease. In this study, we used multimodal imaging techniques such as computed tomography, fluorescence, and magnetic resonance imaging to improve early and precise diagnosis of tumor. Herein, we reported the facile in situ biosynthesis of iridium and iron oxide nanoclusters (NCs) in cancer cells or tumor tissue. These NCs are used as a multimodal bioimaging probe to improve the image sensitivity and specificity toward the tumor. These NCs are applied for the in vivo multimodal imaging in the form of an imaging probe capable of enhancing the sensitivity of the image and specificity toward the tumor tissue. Our observation demonstrates that highly luminescent and magnetic NCs are not only biocompatible but also tumor-targeted because NC formation does not take place in normal cells and tissues. In addition, we isolated exosomes and the biosynthesized NCs internalized within exosomes, and these exosomes can be used as cancer biomarkers

Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

BackgroundTranexamic acid reduces surgical bleeding and reduces death due to bleeding in patients with trauma. Meta-analyses of small trials show that tranexamic acid might decrease deaths from gastrointestinal bleeding. We aimed to assess the effects of tranexamic acid in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.MethodsWe did an international, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 164 hospitals in 15 countries. Patients were enrolled if the responsible clinician was uncertain whether to use tranexamic acid, were aged above the minimum age considered an adult in their country (either aged 16 years and older or aged 18 years and older), and had significant (defined as at risk of bleeding to death) upper or lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients were randomly assigned by selection of a numbered treatment pack from a box containing eight packs that were identical apart from the pack number. Patients received either a loading dose of 1 g tranexamic acid, which was added to 100 mL infusion bag of 0·9% sodium chloride and infused by slow intravenous injection over 10 min, followed by a maintenance dose of 3 g tranexamic acid added to 1 L of any isotonic intravenous solution and infused at 125 mg/h for 24 h, or placebo (sodium chloride 0·9%). Patients, caregivers, and those assessing outcomes were masked to allocation. The primary outcome was death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation; analysis excluded patients who received neither dose of the allocated treatment and those for whom outcome data on death were unavailable. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, ISRCTN11225767, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01658124.FindingsBetween July 4, 2013, and June 21, 2019, we randomly allocated 12 009 patients to receive tranexamic acid (5994, 49·9%) or matching placebo (6015, 50·1%), of whom 11 952 (99·5%) received the first dose of the allocated treatment. Death due to bleeding within 5 days of randomisation occurred in 222 (4%) of 5956 patients in the tranexamic acid group and in 226 (4%) of 5981 patients in the placebo group (risk ratio [RR] 0·99, 95% CI 0·82–1·18). Arterial thromboembolic events (myocardial infarction or stroke) were similar in the tranexamic acid group and placebo group (42 [0·7%] of 5952 vs 46 [0·8%] of 5977; 0·92; 0·60 to 1·39). Venous thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) were higher in tranexamic acid group than in the placebo group (48 [0·8%] of 5952 vs 26 [0·4%] of 5977; RR 1·85; 95% CI 1·15 to 2·98).InterpretationWe found that tranexamic acid did not reduce death from gastrointestinal bleeding. On the basis of our results, tranexamic acid should not be used for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding outside the context of a randomised trial.</div