7 research outputs found
Knowledge and social capacity building for sustainable urban transformation
No abstract available
Propylene/Nitrogen Separation in a By-Stream of the Polypropylene Production: From Pilot Test and Model Validation to Industrial Scale Process Design and Optimization
Two industrial-scale pressure swing
adsorption (PSA) processes
were designed and optimized by simulations: recovery of only nitrogen
and recovery of both nitrogen and propylene from a polypropylene manufacture
purge gas stream. MIL-100(Fe) granulates were used as adsorbent. The
mathematical model employed in the simulations was verified by a PSA
experiment. The effect of several operating parameters on the performance
of the proposed PSA processes was investigated. For the nitrogen recovery,
a 5-step 2-column PSA process produced a nitrogen stream of 95.4%
purity with recovery of 85.2%, productivity of 6.0 mol N<sub>2</sub>/kg adsorbent/h, and power consumption of 156 Wh/kgN<sub>2</sub>.
Nitrogen and propylene with 96.2% and 97.6% purity, respectively,
were obtained from the 6-step 3-column nitrogen and propylene recovery
PSA process. The nitrogen and propylene recoveries obtained are 98.4%
and 91.0%, respectively. The nitrogen and propylene productivities
were estimated as 4.61 and 1.83 mol product/kg adsorbent/h and the
power consumption as 383 Wh/kgN<sub>2</sub>
Syngas Purification by Porous Amino-Functionalized Titanium Terephthalate MIL-125
The adsorption equilibrium of carbon
dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>),
carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>), methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), and hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) was studied at 303, 323, and 343
K and pressures up to 7 bar in titanium-based metal–organic
framework (MOF) granulates, amino-functionalized titanium terephthalate
MIL-125(Ti)_NH<sub>2</sub>. The affinity of the different adsorbates
toward the adsorbent presented the following order: CO<sub>2</sub> > CH<sub>4</sub> > CO > N<sub>2</sub> > H<sub>2</sub>, from the
most adsorbed to the least adsorbed component. Subsequently, adsorption
kinetics and multicomponent adsorption equilibrium were studied by
means of single, binary, and ternary breakthrough curves at 323 K
and 4.5 bar with different feed mixtures. Both studies are complementary
and aim the syngas purification for two different applications, hydrogen
production and H<sub>2</sub>/CO composition adjustment, to be used
as feed in the Fischer–Tropsch processes. The isosteric heats
were calculated from the adsorption equilibrium isotherms and are
21.9 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup> for CO<sub>2</sub>, 14.6 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup> for CH<sub>4</sub>, 13.4 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup> for CO, and 11.7 kJ mol<sup>–1</sup> for N<sub>2</sub>. In
the overall pressure and temperature range, the adsorption equilibrium
isotherms were well-regressed against the Langmuir model. The multicomponent
breakthrough experimental results allowed for validation of the adsorption
equilibrium predicted by the multicomponent extension of the Langmuir
isotherm and validation of the fixed-bed mathematical model. To conclude,
two pressure swing adsorption (PSA) cycles were designed and performed
experimentally, one for hydrogen purification from a 30/70% CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub> mixture (hydrogen purity was 100% with a recovery
of 23.5%) and a second PSA cycle to obtain a light product with a
H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio between 2.2 and 2.4 to feed to Fischer–Tropsch
processes. The experimental cycle produced a light stream with a H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio of 2.3 and a CO<sub>2</sub>-enriched stream with
86.6% purity as a heavy product. The CO<sub>2</sub> recovery was 93.5%
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study
Background Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population.The aim of this study was to inform vaccination prioritization by modelling the impact of vaccination on elective inpatient surgery. The study found that patients aged at least 70 years needing elective surgery should be prioritized alongside other high-risk groups during early vaccination programmes. Once vaccines are rolled out to younger populations, prioritizing surgical patients is advantageous