Pollen morphology of the genus Impatiens L. (Balsaminaceae) and its systematic implications

Pollen morphology of 18 species from the genus Impatiens collected from diff erent localities in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during the period of February 2017 to November 2019. From the observation of pollen it was found to be structurally monad; prolate, sub-prolate and prolate-spheroidal in equatorial view; and circular, rectangular, triangular, quinquangular, elliptic and quadrangular in polar view. The apertures varied from dicolpate, tricolpate to tetracolpate. The main ornamentation type was reticulate in most of the species except Impatiens fruticosa which showed echinate ornamentation. The variations in pollen structure within the species were useful for the identifi cation and classifi cation of the genus Impatiens. The high structural diversity renders important taxonomic value for species differentiation

Fuzzy Logic Based DSR Trust Estimation Routing Protocol for MANET Using Evolutionary Algorithms

In MANET attaining consistent routing is a main problem due to several reasons such as lack of static infrastructure, exposed transmission medium, energetic network topology and restricted battery power. These features also create the scheme of direction-finding protocols in MANETs become even more interesting. In this work, a Trust centered routing protocol is suggested, since trust plays a vital role in computing path in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Estimating and computing trust encourages cooperation in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Various present grade systems suddenly estimate the trust by considering any one of the parameters such as energy of node, number of hops and mobility. Estimating trust is an Energetic multi objective optimization problem (EMOPs) typically including many contradictory goals such as lifetime of node, lifetime of link and buffer occupancy proportion which change over time. To solve this multi objective problem, a hybrid Harmony Search Combined with Genetic algorithm and Cuckoo search is used along with reactive method Dynamic Source routing protocol to provide the mobile hosts to find out and sustain routes between the origin node (SN) to the target node (TN). In this work, the performance of the direction-finding practice is assessed using throughput, end to end delay, and load on the network and route detection period

Fuzzy based Secure Data Gathering Approach for Ad hoc Sensor Networks

391-394Data gathering is one of the difficult tasks in Ad hoc Sensor networks. Sensor Networks consist of limited power sensor nodes located with high density and deployed for various applications such as military, industry and environmental tracking etc. However energy constraint of sensor nodes is one of the biggest challenges in sensor networks. Balancing of data gathering and energy efficiency is the biggest task in sensor networks. In the proposed system, Fuzzy based Secure Data Gathering Approach (FSDGA) is introduced based on slot based scheduling and asymmetric key crypto scheme. Cluster region is formed and Cluster Head (CH) is chosen through voting system to determine the remaining energy, node flexibility, connectivity ratio and node stability. The routes are found with authentication metric based on key identifiers to reduce the vulnerability of attackers. Mamdani Fuzzy decision scheme is introduced with data gathering algorithm to improve the data availability ratio

Micropropagation and conservation of selected endangered anticancer medicinal plants from the Western Ghats of India

Globally, cancer is a constant battle which severely affects the human population. The major limitations of the anticancer drugs are the deleterious side effects on the quality of life. Plants play a vital role in curing many diseases with minimal or no side effects. Phytocompounds derived from various medicinal plants serve as the best source of drugs to treat cancer. The global demand for phytomedicines is mostly reached by the medicinal herbs from the tropical nations of the world even though many plant species are threatened with extinction. India is one of the mega diverse countries of the world due to its ecological habitats, latitudinal variation, and diverse climatic range. Western Ghats of India is one of the most important depositories of endemic herbs. It is found along the stretch of south western part of India and constitutes rain forest with more than 4000 diverse medicinal plant species. In recent times, many of these therapeutically valued herbs have become endangered and are being included under the red-listed plant category in this region. Due to a sharp rise in the demand for plant-based products, this rich collection is diminishing at an alarming rate that eventually triggered dangerous to biodiversity. Thus, conservation of the endangered medicinal plants has become a matter of importance. The conservation by using only in situ approaches may not be sufficient enough to safeguard such a huge bio-resource of endangered medicinal plants. Hence, the use of biotechnological methods would be vital to complement the ex vitro protection programs and help to reestablish endangered plant species. In this backdrop, the key tools of biotechnology that could assist plant conservation were developed in terms of in vitro regeneration, seed banking, DNA storage, pollen storage, germplasm storage, gene bank (field gene banking), tissue bank, and cryopreservation. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to critically review major endangered medicinal plants that possess anticancer compounds and their conservation aspects by integrating various biotechnological tool

BUTTERFLIES NECTAR FOOD PLANTS FROM GLENMORGAN, THE NILGIRIS, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

ABSTRACT: Butterflies are important components of biodiversity and play an important role in the food chain of a forest ecosystem. An attempt was being made to enumerate the butterfly nectar food plants in Glenmorgan, Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu. The present study has been aimed to explore the floral attributes of nectar feeding butterflies in relation to relative abundance. A total of 65 species of butterflies belonging to 5 families were recorded as flower visitor and nectar feeding on 84 species of plants belong to 69 genera and 30 families. The highest number of butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalidae 26 species, Pieridae 14 species, Lycaenidae 13 species, Hesperiidae and Papilionidae with 6 species. Plant visitors of different butterfly species varied considerably; while some were highly seasonal, others had staggered for flowering and vegetative habitats

Optimized Grid Power Injection with Maximum Power Point Tracking Using Cascaded SEPIC Converter and Three Phase Inverter

ABSTRACT: This paper presents modern single switch dc to dc converter modelling and control of a grid connected renewable energy. The system consists of a Photo voltaic cells, a SEPIC DC-DC converter used for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), a three-phase grid converter. A nonlinear control performance of a three-phase inverter is proposed to recompense unstable load currents. It permits whole control of DC bus voltage, while calculating power flow from the PV cells to the system and guarantying objective sinusoidal grid currents at unity Power factor under varying solar irradiation. Moreover, a sliding mode control system for a SEPIC DC-DC converter is used to extract the MPPT. The proposed control techniques have exposed good performance. The system is validated using the "Power system Block set" simulator under different values of the solar irradiation. KEYWORDS:Solar array, MPPT, SEPIC converter, Three level inverter, utility GRID. I.INTRODUCTION Energy from Photovoltaic source has been considered green energy as it does not pollute the environment and also it is renewable. Hence energy from PV source is considered to be an important source of energy among various renewable sources of energy. Now-a-days due to the advancement of technology in the field of manufacturing of PV cells the efficiency has been increased to such a level that the application of PV cells in power systems becomes a feasible one. In the recent period injecting the power obtained from the PV sources into to the grid becomes more popular as it is feasible to inject both active and reactive power into the grid thereby aiding the Electric Power network. Invariably whether the PV system is grid connected or standalone or hybrid system extraction of maximum possible power at a particular level of irradiation is very important as it increases the utility of the PV cells. . In most of the grid connected PV systems, the configuration consists of two stages such as a DC-DC converter in the front end to track the maximum power point at all possible atmospheric conditions and an inverter at the back end feeding the power extracted from the PV source by the front end converter into the grid. In the presented paper, a method has been proposed consisting of two stages, having a SEPIC converter at the front end and a three phase inverter at the back end, thereby maximum possible power extracted from the PV modules is injected into the power grid

Wild habits of Kolli Hills being staple food of inhabitant tribes of eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

432-437There is a proverb in Tamil that “Foods are medicines” “Medicines are foods”. Still it is being maintained by the folks, whose food habits depends on wild habits. Hence, the present study emphasis the documentation of traditional knowledge of Malayalis folks pertaining to their food habits which is necessary for the benefit of mankind. A survey has been made and identified 38 wild species belonging to 21 families. The roots, rhizomes and tubers of these plants are not only used as foods but are also consumed to maintain their health status. Thus these plants are used for general medicinal purposes also. Most of the tubers and roots are consumed after cooking, while some of them are eaten raw. Botanical name, family, vernacular name, life form/habit, parts used for food and medicine, mode of preparation and consumption are recorded for each species

In vitro propagation of a rare succulent medicinal plant Caralluma diffusa (Wight) N.E.Br

Caralluma diffusa (Wight) N.E.Br is rare and an endemic medicinally important plantbelonging to the family Asclepiadaceae. A cost effective and efficient protocol has beendescribed in the present work for large scale and rapid propagation through in vitro organogenesis using nodal explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) media fortifiedwith BAP, 2,4-D, NAA and Kn. The highest frequency ( 83.3%) of callus was observed in MSmedium containing NAA (2mg/L) in combination with BAP (0.5mg/L) + Kn (0.25mg/L).Development of highest percentage of shoot organogenesis (82.4%) occurred when the calliwere sub cultured in MS medium supplemented with combination of BAP + NAA + Kn (2.0+ 0.5 + 0.25mg/L). Multiple shoots were induced from the nodal segments cultured onmedium containing BAP or Kn alone or in combination. Highest number of shoots(6.40±0.34) and maximum length of shoots (6.61±1.01cm) were obtained on MS mediumcontaining BAP (2.5mg/L). These shoots were then cultured on half strength MS mediumsupplemented with various concentrations of IBA and NAA. Highest percentage of rooting(78.4%) and mean length of rootlets was observed on IBA (0.5mg/L) in combination withNAA (0.5mg/L). In vitro derived plantlets were hardened and acclimatized. About 98% ofplantlets survived in field condition. The method described here can be successfully employed for large scale multiplication, long term in vitro conservation. This is the firstreport on indirect organogenesis of universally threatened cacti C. diffusa

Patient Monitoring for Personalized Mobile Health (PMH) based on Medical Virtual Instruments

One of the newest technologies, mobile health, has the potential to support the provision of care for older adults and offer them individualised treatment. This study’s goal is to evaluate the benefits and challenges of personalised mobile health (PMH) for elderly residential care. Virtual worlds are quickly integrating into the landscape of instructional technologies. One of the most well-known of these settings is Second Life (SL). Despite the potential of SL for health professions education, there aren’t many official SL applications for this purpose, and the effectiveness of these applications hasn’t been evaluated to the fullest extent possible. Similarly, it appears that nothing is known about the use of virtual worlds for continuing medical education. In order to better grasp the fundamentals of the aid of MVIs for personal health monitoring (PHM), we were able to pinpoint the key disease regions, sensors, channels, calculations and communication protocols. The main obstacles limiting MVIs’ degree of integration into the international health care system were also identified. The analysis demonstrates that MVIs offer an excellent possibility for the creation of affordable, personalised health systems that meet the unique equipment requirements of a certain field of medicine

Micropropagation prospective of cotyledonary explants of <i>Decalepis hamiltonii</i> Wight & Arn.—An endangered edible species

256-260The study was undertaken to standardize the development of callus, shoot and root regeneration from cotyledonary explant of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. through the tissue culture techniques. The MS medium supplemented with 6-benzyl amino purine (BA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin (Kn), gibberelic acid (GA3), indole acetic acid (IAA), indole butyric acid (IBA) and 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was used for callus, shoot and root regeneration. The maximum percentage (82.0%)of callus formation was achieved on 0.5 mg/L BA in combination with 0.05 mg/L Kn, followed by 78.5% of callus formation on 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D fortified with 0.05 mg/L Kn. The highest shoot proliferation (4.6 shoots/callus) and shoot length (6.9 cm) was achieved on 1.0 mg/L BA combined with 0.1 mg/L GA3, followed by 3.8 shoots per callus and 5.8 cm shoot length on 1.0 mg/L IAA combined with 0.1 mg/L GA3. The highest root formation (38.2 roots/shoot) and root length (11.8cm) was achieved on ½ strength MS medium fortified with 0.4 mg/L IBA, followed by 36.5 roots per shoot and root length of 10.7 cm on 0.4 mg/L NAA. The well-developed rooted plantlets were hardened in the mixtures of forest soil, soil and vermiculite (1:1:1) and 97.5% plantlets survived after hardening