Some aspects of high energy scattering theory

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College Climate and Teacher-Trainee’s Academic Work in Selected Colleges of Education in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

The study aimed at investigating the extent to which College climate (Leadership roles/practices and Class size) impact on academic work of Teacher-trainees. A survey research design was used for the study because it involved a study of relatively large population who were purposively and randomly selected. A sample size of 322 out of the population of 1850 from Offinso, Akokerri and Wesley Colleges of Education comprising 226 males and 114 females were used for the study. A questionnaire and an interview guide were used to collect data for the study. The data collected were analyzed using Means, Standard deviations and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study established that effective leadership roles and practices of Principals and Tutors had impact on the academic work of Teacher-trainees. By implication, good leadership practices had a positive relationship with students’ academic work. The results of the ANOVA tests indicated that there was no significant difference in the means of the responses on College class size provided by the respondents (p>-.05). The implication is that large class sizes turn to affect classroom teaching and learning as compared to small class size. The respondents from Offinso College had the lowest mean of 2.41on infrastructure, implying that their College infrastructure was the least developed. However, the respondents of Akokerri had an overall mean of 3.55 which implied that their College infrastructure was moderately developed. The study also revealed that, the higher the academic qualification of college tutors in their respective area of study, the more likely they are to impact positively on the academic work of Teacher-trainees. Keywords:Leadership, School/College Climate, Organic Leadership and Transformational Leadership

INCREASING DEFENSE CONTRACTOR COMPETITION IN A PREDOMINANTLY SOLE-SOURCE CONTRACTING ENVIRONMENT

This research was derived from a Naval Supply Systems Command Weapons System Support (NAVSUP-WSS) problem statement that identified that more than 80% of WSS contracts occur in a sole-source environment. Operating in this environment presents supply chain constraints, cost, and readiness risks for the Navy. The purpose of this research is to analyze the NAVSUP-WSS sole-source contracting environment to determine methods for increasing competition. We utilized the resource dependency theory as our foundational framework and employed a mixed-method approach involving both qualitative and quantitative methodologies for our research. We analyzed more than 62,000 contracting actions and conducted spend analysis on WSS procurements for FY19-FY20 and we reviewed NAVSUP’s supply chain and contracting operation following Kraljic’s supply matrix. Our results identified the top four items frequently procured under sole-source conditions, the percentage of awards and dollar amount awarded to the top WSS contractors, and the policy and operational conditions that contribute to the WSS sole-source environment. Lastly, we developed a NAVSUP-WSS supply matrix to apply methods for increasing defense contractor competition for selected items that were identified as a result of our spend analysis.Lieutenant Commander, United States NavyLieutenant Commander, United States NavyApproved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

Understanding Car Ownership among Households in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Accra, Ghana

Household car ownership is a widely researched area due to the trade-offs between the benefits of the mobility provided by the car and the numerous negative impacts the car has on the environment. Most of the studies on car ownership have been conducted in developed countries, although more recently there are studies in emerging economies of the world. There are, however, very few studies on car ownership in developing countries, especially cities in Sub-Saharan Africa. The literature has some key commonalities as drivers to increased car ownership such as rising income and positive attitudes towards the car as a status symbol. There are, however, some important gaps with regards to understanding car ownership in the developing world. First, the household structures and social norms can sometimes be quite different. This may influence the propensity of different parts of society to want to own a car. Secondly, the context in which an ownership decision is being considered can be very different. In the case of developing country city like Accra, few have the opportunity to buy a new car with most being older imports and it may be that the issues such as status a car affords someone are different. Third, the context of public transport is very different. Levels of access to informal public transport could be so high generally that limited service provision does not offer the same explanatory power in understanding car ownership as witnessed in developed countries. The quality of the services and their informality may also be a factor in explaining the relative attractiveness of the car. More recent literature from developed countries is often looking to understand what might be effective in undoing mass car ownership whereas developing countries are trying to understand growth. The context of growth in developing countries is very different to that of the growth periods post the Second World War in the developed world and so new insights are required. This research seeks to bridge those gaps by understanding the factors that influence car ownership in a low car owning economy by researching on potential variables which are identified to affect car ownership. The research utilises both qualitative and quantitative methods. Using Accra, the capital of Ghana as a case study, a focus group discussion was undertaken to gain insight into the study area by understanding contextual issues to help in the development of questionnaires. Further to this, a household data collection was undertaken using questionnaires targeting specifically households in high-income communities followed by households in middle-income and low-income communities. In all 547 usable responses were obtained after the survey which provided data relating to household socio-demographic characteristics, trip characteristics, public transport accessibility and attitude towards car and public transport. The results from the research indicate strong influence of income and number of people employed within a household on car ownership. Other household characteristics like household size, type of household and number of children with household are identified not to be significant factors in understanding household car ownership. The research indicates that car is largely a utility purchase in the city of Accra indicating that life is difficult without owning a car. Also, whilst there exists universal coverage of the informal public transport which appears to be the dominant means of transport in the city there exist numerous negative attributes of the services they provide. Efforts to reduce the rate of car ownership will need to follow a twin track of significantly improving the quality of journeys on public transport along with restraining the use of cars to prevent the gridlock which will otherwise result as incomes grow

Pseudo Panel Analysis of Waste Disposal and Household Health Expenditure in Ghana: The Role of Institutions

This study analyzed the effect of waste disposal on household health expenditure in Ghana by using Pseudo Panel technique to inform policy. It further analyzed the role institutions play in dealing with waste disposal and household health expenditure in Ghana. Numerous empirical studies have been carried out on waste disposal. However, these empirical studies did not focus on examining the effect of waste disposal on household health expenditure in Ghana. The study employs pseudo panel constructed from repeated cross sectional data from Ghana Living Standard Surveys (5, 6 &7) to achieve this objective. The System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is employed to estimate the model. Results from the study indicates that, improper solid waste disposal leads to the spread of diseases like malaria, cholera, diarrhoea, dengue and others. This leads to the increase in the health expenditure of these households. However, when solid waste disposal is interacted with institutions (Faith Based Organizations), it reduces household health expenditure. The study recommends that, government institutions should complement the efforts of these Faith Based Organizations (FBOs) to help achieve higher positive outcome. Keywords: Solid waste disposal, liquid waste disposal, household health expenditure, pseudo panel, institutions DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/89-04 Publication date: November 30th 202

Sustainability of Industrialization and Agricultural Policies: Evidence from Developing Countries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate sustainability of industrialization and agricultural policies among 129 developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – The study utilizes panel data from the period 1986 to 2016 and Cox proportional hazard model for the analysis. Findings – The results of the study indicate that, the establishment of commodity exchange markets will help towards sustainability of agricultural policies. Whiles the implementation of protectionism measures will help towards sustainability of industrialization policies. Practical implications: ­- Governments among developing countries should work towards establishment of commodity exchange markets for sustainability of agricultural policies. There is also the need for implementation of protectionism measures and establishment of statutory funding in their budgets for industrialization policies to achieve sustainability. Originality/value – Previous studies carried out focused on either industrialization policies or agricultural policies sustainability for developed and developing countries. This study fills the gap in existing empirical studies by focusing on both industrialization and agricultural policies sustainability for developing countries. Keywords: Industrialization policies, Agricultural policies, Commodity Exchange Markets, Industrialization Policy Bank, Industrial Park. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-20-06 Publication date:October 31st 202

Impact of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) on the Transmission of Lymphatic Filariasis in Tono Irrigation Area in Navrongo, Ghana

Lymphatic filariasis is ranked as one of the leading causes of permanent and long-term disability and also oldest and most debilitating neglected tropical disease worldwide. Filariasis is caused by nematode endoparasitic worms transmitted to humans by various mosquito vectors.  World Health Organization established Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis as a public health problem by the year 2020. The strategies employed are to interrupt transmission through mass drug administration (MDA) and to alleviate suffering and disability via morbidity management; and vector control. It is expected that after implementation of the strategies above, transmission assessment surveys are required to ascertain their progress, impact and efficacies. As MDA was the main strategy, this work therefore determined impact of mass drug administration on the transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Tono Irrigation area in Navrongo following more than nine years of its implementation. Human landing and pyrethrum spray monthly collections of mosquitoes in Wuru and Saboro were dissected to determine the transmission level in the study area. The mosquitoes collected in the study comprised 90.22% (3,650) Anopheles species and 9.78% (386) Culex species with no Aedes or Mansonis species. The man biting rate computed from (Human Landing Catch) HLC was 162.25 bites/man/night in Wuru and 143.75bites/man/night in Saboro. Only 3An. species were infected with filarial parasites; 2 in Saboro with 2mf, and 1L2 in a mosquito in Wuru. However, there was no L3 stage recorded in any of the 3,560 mosquitoes macerated implying that there was no ongoing transmission of LF in the study sites since no infective bites were encountered. However, a follow up survey is required to assess the level of transmission since one survey is inadequate to declare the place free of LF. Keywords: Anopheles species, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mass Drug Administration, Lymphatic filariasis, Ghan

Extra gonadal sclerosing stromal tumour in the transverse mesocolon

Sclerosing stromal tumour (SST) is a rare benign sex cord stromal tumour of the ovary. We report a case of sclerosing stromal tumour of the mesentery in a 32-year-old Para one who presented with intra abdominal mass, menstrual irregularity and secondary infertility. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of the completely excised tumour was consistent with sclerosing stromal tumour, immunoreactive only to vimentin. No ovarian tissue was found in the sectioned tumour. Her menses became regular and she conceived 3 months after complete excision and delivered after 9 months. Hormonal assay was not done because SST was least suspected. From literature this is the first case of SST in the transverse mesocolon reported in the West African subregion, and may probably be one of the rare cases of hormonally active SST.Keywords: Extragonadal, sclerosing stromal tumour, Hormonally active, secondary infertility, Ghan

Perception of Teachers and Students on Indiscipline at Mankranso in Ahafo-Ano South District

The main purpose of the study was to examine the perceptions of teachers and students at Mankranso in the Ahafo-Ano South district on student indisciplinary behaviours. The study adopted a descriptive survey and the approach was a blend of quantitative and qualitative paradigms. Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to obtain a sample size of two hundred and thirty (230) respondents.The main instruments used for the study were the questionnaire, focus group interview guide and documentations. Data was analyzed using inferential statistics to test the research hypotheses. Among the findings of the study was that while there were no perceptual difference between students and teachers in what acts constitute indisciplinary behaviours, there were differences in the students’ and teachers’ perceptions of the influences of peer pressure, parenting styles, school climate, guidance and counselling officers and teaching experience have on students indisciplinary behaviours. The findings also suggested that sex- type behaviours such as cigarette smoking, which was once regarded in the Ghanaian society as typically a “male behaviour”, may no longer be seen as sex-type. The study concluded that; peer group has influence on student indisciplinary behaviour than that perceived by the students. Also the students felt that the school authorities were inconsistent in the implementation of school rules and regulation.

The Effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the Relationship Between Accounting Information and Stock Prices on the Ghana Stock Exchange

This study sought to find the ability of accounting information to explain stock price movement on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) and the effect International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in explaining stock price movements. Two multiple regression models were used to ascertain how accounting information was relevant in explaining stock prices as well as to test whether the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)  has an effect on value relevance. Four single regression models was used to explain how accounting variables contribute to explaining stock price.  The study regressed the stock prices on accounting data as well as annual interest rate to determine their relationship. In general the study found that accounting information, specifically earnings, Price to earnings ratio and Return on Equity was relevant   in explaining stock price movements in both   in pre-adoption IFRS and post- adoption IFRS periods in Ghana. The study also found that the adoption of IFRS did not have any effect on the ability of accounting information to explain stock price movements. Keywords: Accounting information, Value relevance, IFRS