Determination of Andrographolide Isolate Activity to α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Using Apostolidis and Mayur Method

Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism can lead to diabetes mellitus. Carbohydrates are metabolized in the gastrointestinal tract into simple glucose and absorbed into the bloodstream and affected blood glucose levels. The absorption process is catalyzed by α- 1 ,4 - glycoside breaking bond enzyme , namely α - amylase and α -1 ,6 - glycoside breaking bond enzyme, namely α – glucosidase. They are found in the intestinal cells. Research had been conducted in an effort to develop an alternative treatment of diabetes mellitus by testing the ability of isolates of andrographolide in inhibiting α-amylase activity and α-glucosidase in vitro. Andrographolide isolates showed fairly good activity in inhibiting α-amylase ( IC50 = 1,.49 mg/mL) and weak in inhibiting α-glucosidase (IC50 = 38,86 mg/mL). Inhibition of α-amylase activity is evidence of one mechanism of andrographolide in reducing carbohydrate metabolism that can affect blood glucose levels and indicates that andrographolide is a potential alternative medicine in addressing diabetes mellitus

Effect of Curcumin and Honey to Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol in Male Wistar Rats

Honey and curcumin is widely consumed by children as food supplements. Honey is useful as an antioxidant and antibacterial, while curcumin is useful as an antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral. Both health supplements are not infrequently used in conjunction with drugs, especially paracetamol. This study aims to determine the effect of curcumin and honey on the pharmacokinetic parameters of paracetamol in male rats. In this study, test animals were divided into 3 groups: control, treatment I and treatment II. In the control group mice were given paracetamol 150mg / KgBW, treatment group I rats were given curcumin 18 mg / KgBW, 1 hour and then given paracetamol 150mg / KgBW whereas the treatment group II rats given a dose of honey 7.65 mL / KgBW along with giving paracetamol 150mg KgBB . The results showed that administration of curcumin on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol in mice can decrease the primary parameters of the elimination phase of CLT for 68.25%, increasing the secondary parameter t 1 / 2 at 193.72%, thus increasing the derivative parameters AUC0-inf for 88.36%, and MRT of 155.17% (

Connectomic markers of disease expression, genetic risk and resilience in bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by emotional dysregulation and cognitive deficits associated with abnormal connectivity between subcortical-primarily emotional processing regions-and prefrontal regulatory areas. Given the significant contribution of genetic factors to BD, studies in unaffected first-degree relatives can identify neural mechanisms of genetic risk but also resilience, thus paving the way for preventive interventions. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) and random-effects Bayesian model selection were used to define and assess connectomic phenotypes linked to facial affect processing and working memory in a demographically matched sample of first-degree relatives carefully selected for resilience (n=25), euthymic patients with BD (n=41) and unrelated healthy controls (n=46). During facial affect processing, patients and relatives showed similarly increased frontolimbic connectivity; resilient relatives, however, evidenced additional adaptive hyperconnectivity within the ventral visual stream. During working memory processing, patients displayed widespread hypoconnectivity within the corresponding network. In contrast, working memory network connectivity in resilient relatives was comparable to that of controls. Our results indicate that frontolimbic dysfunction during affect processing could represent a marker of genetic risk to BD, and diffuse hypoconnectivity within the working memory network a marker of disease expression. The association of hyperconnectivity within the affect-processing network with resilience to BD suggests adaptive plasticity that allows for compensatory changes and encourages further investigation of this phenotype in genetic and early intervention studies

The Effect of the Earned Income Tax Credit in the District of Columbia on Poverty and Income Dynamics

Using unique longitudinal administrative tax panel data for the District of Columbia (DC), we assess the combined effect of the DC supplemental earned income tax credit (EITC) and the federal EITC on poverty and income dynamics within Washington, DC, from 2001 to 2011. The EITC in DC merits investigation, as the DC supplement to the federal credit is the largest in the nation. The supplemental DC EITC was enacted in 2000, and has been expanded from 10 percent of the federal credit in 2001 to 40 percent as of 2009. To implement the study, we estimate least squares models with 0/1 dependent variables to estimate the likelihood of net-EITC income above poverty and near-poverty thresholds. We also estimate the likelihood of earnings growth and income stabilization from the EITC. To identify the effect of the EITC, we exploit variation in the EITC subsidy rate from 2008 to 2009, when an additional EITC bracket of 45 percent was added for workers with three or more dependent children, up from 40 percent in the previous year for workers with two or more children. We also estimate a model examining the impact of city-level changes to the EITC. The structure and richness of our data enable us to control for tax filer fixed effects, an important innovation from many previous EITC studies. Overall, we find that the combined EITC raises the likelihood of net-EITC income above poverty and near poverty by as much as 9 percent, with the largest consistent effects accruing to single-parent families

Strain optimization in ultrathin body transistors with silicon-germanium source and drain stressors

10.1063/1.3000481Journal of Applied Physics1048-JAPI

Modelling of the gated-diode configuration in bulk mosfet's

2000 International Conference on Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems - MSM 2000360-36

Proceedings of the 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition

he non-uniformity of the BSG (borosilicate glass) layer formed during BBr3 tube diffusion is one of the major concerns for solar cell fabrication, as the BSG layer serves as the dopant source and thus determines the amount of boron dopants that are available. It is beneficial to have a deep understanding on the correlation between the properties of the BSG layer and the resulting doping profile. Process simulations on tube diffusion are of great relevance for the optimisation of industrial n-type solar cells. However, the simulation models and parameters were mostly calibrated for CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) device fabrication. In this work, we present an investigation on the influence of BSG non-uniformity on the resulting doping profiles. We demonstrate with both experiments and by simulations that the doping profiles are not strongly affected by the non-uniformity of the BSG layer once the BSG thickness is beyond a threshold. We present a set of model and parameters that is suitable for accurately predictive simulation for solar cell fabrication. In addition, the sensitivity of the key modelling parameters is discussed and reported

Strained silicon-germanium-on-insulator n-MOSFET with embedded silicon source-and-drain stressors

10.1109/LED.2007.910784IEEE Electron Device Letters29177-79EDLE