The Polish Military Reconnaissance Before and During the First Stage of World War II (1938−1941)

Мета статті – дослідити основні напрями функціонування та специфіку підготовки польськими військо-вими розвідувальними структурами агентів для роботи на території СРСР, умови їхньої діяльності напередодні Другої світової війни й долю після радянської окупації Волинського воєводства у вересні 1939 р. The main aim of the article is to study the basic trends of the functioning and the specific of the training of the Polish military reconnaissance formations agents to work on the USSA territory, the terms of their activities before the World War II and the fate of the after the USSA occupation of Volyn province in September, 1939

CYSTATIN C AS AN EARLY MARKER OF HEPATORENAL SYNDROME

The research was aimed to investigate the use of cystatin C (CysC) for early detection of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) in cirrhotics. CysC, a low-molecular-weight cysteine proteinase inhibitor, is a potentially more accurate marker of glomerular filtration. We conducted a prospective multicenter study in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis, comparing changes in CysC and serum creatinine (Scr) immediately following onset of HRS as predictors of a composite endpoint of dialysis or mortality. The results of our study confirmed, that CysC has demonstrated less variability between samples than Scr. Patients were stratified into four groups reflecting changes in Scr and cystatin: both unchanged or decreased 38 (36%) (Scr−/CysC−); only cystatin increased 25 (24%) (Scr−/CysC+); only Scr increased 15 (14%) (Scr+/CysC−); and both increased 28 (26%) (Scr+/CysC+). With Scr−/CysC− as the reference, in both instances where cystatin rose, Scr−/CysC+ and Scr+/CysC+, the primary outcome was significantly more frequent in multivariate analysis, and, respectively. However, when only Scr rose, outcomes were similar to the reference group. Summarizing all above, we can conclude, that changes in CysC levels early in HRS are more closely associated with eventual dialysis or mortality, than Scr and may allow more rapid identification of patients at risk for adverse outcomes

Feedback Minimum Principle for Impulsive Processes

We consider an optimal impulsive control problem with a terminal functional and trajectories of bounded variation. The control system we consider has a bilinear structure with respect to the state and control variables and is governed by nonnegative vector Borel measures under constraints on their total variation. This problem is the impulsive-trajectory extension for the corresponding classical optimal control problem, which, in general, does not have optimal solutions with measurable controls. We do not posit any commutativity assumptions guaranteeing the well-posedness property for the impulsive extension. The so-called singular space-time transformation is used to define an individual trajectory and transform the impulsive system to an auxiliary ordinary control system. The aim of this paper is to prove a nonlocal necessary optimality condition for impulsive processes. This condition is based on feedback controls providing descent directions for the functional. This necessary condition is called the feedback minimum principle. It is a generalization of the corresponding principle for classical optimal control problems. The feedback minimum principle is formulated within the framework of the generalized maximum principle for impulsive processes. An example illustrating the optimality condition is considered

Design of Dual-Frequency TEM-Mode Coupled-Line Directional Couplers

Abstract -In the report a three variants of coupled-line directional coupler, which can provide simultaneous work at two arbitrary frequencies are considered

Construction of the Reachable Set for a Two-Dimensional Bilinear Impulsive Control System

This paper deals with a problem of construction of the reachable set for an impulsive control system with trajectories of bounded variation and impulsive controls (regular vector measures). The considered control system has a bilinear structure relative to the control variable. A method for constructing of the boundary of the reachable set is proposed. This method is based on using of special impulsive optimal control problems and Lyapunov type functions. These functions are strongly monotone relative to the impulsive control system. Presented results are illustrated by a numerical example. An algorithm of numerical approximation of reachable sets for nonlinear impulsive control systems is discussed. This algorithm is realized in the Scientific Python environment