Alien Registration- Sample, Marguerite M. (Strong, Franklin County)

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Membrane behavior and diffusion in unsaturated sodium bentonite

2015 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Sodium-bentonite (Na-bentonite) is a highly active clay commonly used as a barrier or a component of a barrier for chemical containment applications (e.g., landfills, waste impoundments, vertical cutoff walls) due to the ability of Na-bentonite to limit solute (contaminant) transport resulting from high swell and low hydraulic conductivity. However, Na-bentonite also may exhibit semipermeable membrane behavior or solute restriction, which can result in enhanced performance of the barrier by reducing liquid and contaminant flux. Experimental studies to date have focused on the correlation between membrane behavior and diffusion of solutes almost exclusively under fully saturated conditions (i.e., degree of water saturation, S, of 1.0). However, clay barriers can exist at various degrees of water saturation (S < 1.0), and, based on our current, conceptual understanding of the mechanisms causing membrane behavior in saturated clays, the influence of membrane behavior on solute transport is likely to be even more significant in clays under unsaturated conditions. Based on these considerations, an innovative testing apparatus was developed to allow for the simultaneous measurement of membrane behavior and diffusion in unsaturated Na-bentonite. The test specimens were prepared using a dialysis method that allowed for control of the cation species on the exchange complex of the bentonite, removal of excess soluble salts, and estimation of diffusion properties. Membrane efficiencies (ω) and effective diffusion coefficients (D*) of bentonite specimens with S ranging from 0.79 to 1.0 were measured by performing multistage tests using solutions of potassium chloride (KCl). The source concentrations (Cot) of the KCl solutions were 20 mM, 30 mM, and 50 mM, which resulted in average concentrations in the specimen at steady-state diffusion (Cave) of approximately 10 mM, 15 mM, and 25 mM. For all values of S, a decrease in S correlated with an increase in ω and a decrease in D*. For example, for Cot of 50 mM, ω increased from 0.31 to 0.41 and D* for chloride decreased from 4.1 x 10-10 m2/s to 3.1 x 10-10 m2/s as S decreased from 1.0 to 0.84. The results of this study advance our fundamental understanding of solute transport mechanisms in Na-bentonite and contribute to the base of knowledge that must be established prior to incorporating membrane behavior effects in the design of barriers for chemical containment facilities

Working Women\u27s Community: A Feminist Perspecitve on Women in the Urban Condition; Representation in Space and Architecture

Investigating gender in architectre calls attention to issues of spatial segregation and stratification systems which contribute to human inequalities, such as the distribution of knowledge and power.... An exploration of gendered spaces through an investigation of male-oriented environmets in relation to feminine spatial-socio language of difference that could inform architectural spaces which allow for multiplicity of experience which promotes knowledge and power. The vehicle for exploring these issues will be a community center which provides social services and communal living. The project will be developed through patterns of program and the multiplicity of spatial experiences

Cooperative action in eukaryotic gene regulation: physical properties of a viral example

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects more than 90% of the human population, and is the cause of several both serious and mild diseases. It is a tumorivirus, and has been widely studied as a model system for gene (de)regulation in human. A central feature of the EBV life cycle is its ability to persist in human B cells in states denoted latency I, II and III. In latency III the host cell is driven to cell proliferation and hence expansion of the viral population, but does not enter the lytic pathway, and no new virions are produced, while the latency I state is almost completely dormant. In this paper we study a physico-chemical model of the switch between latency I and latency III in EBV. We show that the unusually large number of binding sites of two competing transcription factors, one viral and one from the host, serves to make the switch sharper (higher Hill coefficient), either by cooperative binding between molecules of the same species when they bind, or by competition between the two species if there is sufficient steric hindrance.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

Engendering Fatherhood: Provision of Services and Professional: Attitudes Toward Young Fathers

American social attitudes toward fatherhood appear to be changing as many older fathers claim new interests in the child-rearing decisions (Palm & Palkovitz, 1988). Fathers are asserting that they feel closer to their children and more a part of their children's lives than the generations before them (Daly, 1993; Marsigilio, 1993). Perhaps this transition is an indication that the role of the father is more than providing a paycheck; moreover a father's role also serves as an important resource for the social, emotional, and cognitive development of their children (Elster & Lamb, 1986). Although this positive transformation is taking place among older fathers, is this change taking place among the under twentyfive cohorts of young fathers who are married or partnered to adolescent mothers? Is society suggesting these young men's fatherhood roles and parent/child relationships are equally important and including them in this new engendering of fatherhood? If society's attitude toward young fathers is really changing, then it appears reasonable to assume that more social services would also be available specifically to this particular cohort. Yet, when considering young fathers in this state, neither the existing services nor the prevalent professional attitude among practitioners are known. Therefore, the aim of this present study is to discover the number and categories of available services for young fathers; what the prevalent attitude among professionals toward young dads is; and if the existing attitude among professionals toward young fathers predict the number of available services to them

Examining the Entrepreneurial Leadership Propensities of Extension Educators

Innovation and entrepreneurship are integral to the development and vitality of contemporary communities and economies. Accordingly, entrepreneurial leadership is directly relevant to the Extension education mission. Yet research examining the entrepreneurial leadership propensities of Extension educators is scant. We applied a survey design to analyze the entrepreneurial leadership propensities of Extension educators throughout Arizona using two constructs: innovation and entrepreneurial strategy. The data revealed modest levels of entrepreneurial leadership propensities across the sample. Recommendations aimed at enhancing the entrepreneurial leadership propensities of Extension educators are provided

Do I Report This? Understanding Variation in the Content of State Mandatory Reporting Laws

Since accusations went public that administrators at Pennsylvania State University ignored reports of child abuse during the Jerry Sandusky trial almost a decade ago, several educational and state agencies have reinterpreted aspects of their respective laws requiring certain persons to report suspected child maltreatment (mandatory reporting laws). These reinterpretations were possible due to the ambiguity of statutory language used in the law and, subsequently, may have exposed individuals to a legal responsibility to report to which they were previously unaware. In this study, we use a thematic content analysis to examine variation across state mandatory reporting statutes from all fifty states as of 2016. Three themes emerged from this analysis: definitions for reasonableness, immediacy of danger, and inclusion of mandated reporters. Generally, we found that the vague language and variation in the content of the law, though well intentioned, may contribute to uncertainty in knowing when a report is necessary and who must report it. We conclude with considerations for future research, as well as highlight potential implications for instructors and researchers in higher education. These findings can contribute to our understanding of ambiguity in the law. Further, the sources of variability we identify in this analysis may help to anticipate potential shifts in legal risk in the wake of recent and future reinterpretations of ambiguously worded policy