Susceptibilidade "in vitro" a antimicrobianos de estirpes de Vibrio spp isoladas de camarões (Litopenaeus vannamei) e de água de criação destes animais provenientes de uma fazenda de camarões no Ceará Nota prévia

Foram feitos ensaios de susceptibilidade a antibióticos em 48 cepas de Vibrio isoladas do cultivo do Litopenaeus vannamei no Ceará. Para os testes de difusão foram utilizados 11 antibióticos. A espécie que apresentou maior percentagem de resistência aos antimicrobianos foi V. cholerae, onde 33,33% das 12 cepas testadas mostraram-se resistentes a sulfazotrim, 25% a ampicilina e 33,33% a ceftriaxona.Suscetibility assays were performed for 48 Vibrio strains isolated from pond-reared Litopenaeus vannamei in Ceará, Brazil. The diffusion assays tested 11 antibiotics. The most resistant species was V. cholerae: of 12 strains tested, one third was resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, one fourth to ampicillin and one third to ceftriaxone

Morphology, ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of Hypnea cervicornis and Hypnea musciformis-(Hypneaceae, Rhodophyta) from the coastal waters of Ceará, Brazil

AbstractBased on their morphological and physiological features, red algae comprise a complex and variable group of multiple genera, including Hypnea. In particular, the genus Hypnea J.V. Lamouroux (Cystocloniaceae, Rhodophyta) consists of approximately 54 species, including Hypnea cervicornis and H. musciformis. Lectins were described for both species; however, the localization of these proteins is still unclear. Therefore, this work aimed to characterize the morphology and ultrastructure of Hypnea cervicornis and H. musciformis, as well as localize their lectins at the subcellular level. Samples were collected at Praia do Pacheco (Fortaleza-CE) and processed for light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, in addition to immunocytochemistry. The studied species presented cortical cell layers, subcortical cells and medullary cells. Based on ultrastructural analysis, these species presented vacuolated cortical cells, with a dense cytoplasm containing chloroplasts. The cell wall consisted of concentric microfibrils embedded in an amorphous matrix. Immunochemistry analysis showed the expression of lectins in the cytoplasm and cell walls. While the structure of the studied algae was similar to the description of other species of the genera under different conditions, this is the first record of algae lectin localization

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Derriobtusone A isolated from Lonchocarpus obtusus

This study evaluated the effect of derriobtusone A, a flavonoid isolated from Lonchocarpus obtusus, on two important pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as its antioxidant activity and toxicity. Planktonic growth assays were performed, and the inhibition of biofilm formation was evaluated. In addition, antioxidant activity was assessed by DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferrous ion chelating assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, and β-carotene bleaching assay. Toxicity was evaluated by the brine shrimp lethality test. Results showed that derriobtusone A completely inhibited the planktonic growth of S. aureus at 250 and 500 μg/mL; however, it did not have the same activity on E. coli. Derriobtusone A reduced the biomass and colony-forming unit (cfu) of S. aureus biofilm at concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/mL. In various concentrations, it reduced the biofilm biomass of E. coli, and, in all concentrations, it weakly reduced the cfu. Derriobtusone A showed highly efficient antioxidant ability in scavenging DPPH radical and inhibiting β-carotene oxidation. The compound showed no lethality to Artemia sp. nauplii. In conclusion, derriobtusone A may be an effective molecule against S. aureus and its biofilm, as well as a potential antioxidant compound with no toxicity.This study was supported by CAPES (Brazil) through the BEX NT 2052/11NT3 Project and by IBB-CEB and FCT (Portugal) and European Community Fund FEDER, through Program COMPETE, in the ambit of Project PTDC/SAU-ESA/646091/2006/FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-007480. Otilia Deusdenia Loiola Pessoa, Benildo Sousa Cavada, and Edson Holanda Teixeira are Senior Fellows of CNPq. Mr. David Martin helped with the English editing of the paper

<b>Biologia e pesca do timbiro, <em>Pterengraulis atherinoides</em>, do açude Pereira de Miranda (Pentecoste, Estado do Ceará, Brasil)</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1156 <b>Biology and fishing of the timbiro, <em>Pterengraulis atherinoides</em>, at Pereira de Miranda reservoir (Pentecoste, Ceará State, Brazil)</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v27i4.1156

O trabalho aborda a biologia e a pesca do timbiro, <em>Pterengraulis atherinoides</em>, do açude Pereira de Miranda, Pentecoste, Estado do Ceará. Coletas mensais foram realizadas durante o período de agosto de 1994 a julho de 1995. Com os dados morfométricos, uma distribuição de freqüência de comprimento foi feita para ser analisada através do Programa FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools - FISAT. Assim, os seguintes parâmetros foram estimados: crescimento, mortalidade, taxa de exploração, probabilidade de captura, recrutamento e intensidade do esforço de pesca. Desta forma, conclui-se que a espécie possui vida curta e uma taxa de crescimento alta. Os coeficientes de mortalidade natural e por pesca mostraram-se equilibrados, por se tratar de um estoque não explorado comercialmente. Mesmo com um tamanho médio de primeira captura abaixo do valor do de primeira maturação gonadal, que se deve à baixa seletividade da rede-de-espera, a espécie é muito prolífera, garantindo, assim, o equilíbrio da população<br>Biological aspects and fishing information of timbiro <em>Pterengraulis atherinoides</em> from Pereira de Miranda reservoir, Pentecoste, Ceará State, Brazil, were studied in the present work. Monthly samples were obtained from August 1994 to July 1995. During this period 5,140 individuals were analyzed. Based on each species’ morphometrical data, the following parameters were estimated using projection models: growth, mortality, exploration rate, capture probability, recruitment and fishing effort intensity. A frequency distribution table on length was elaborated and analyzed by FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools - FISAT. P. atherinoides has been shown to be a medium-life fish whose growth rate is quite high. Both natural and fishing mortality rates are coherent to other growth parameters, as it is a commercially unexplored resource. Individuals have been captured before they reach their first gonadal maturation, due to the low selectivity of fishing apparatus. Since timbiro is highly proliferous, this fact has kept the population in natural equilibriu

Diversificação intra-específica do pargo, Lutjanus purpureus Poey, no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil

The red snapper, Lutjanus purpureus Poey (Perciformes, Lutjanidae), is captured along the North and Northeast coast of Brazil. It consists of one of the main fishing resources of these areas, being considered economically important as source of exchange value. This work has verified the occurrence of intro-specific diversification of the red snapper in the North and Northeast of Brazil. A total of 556 individuals were investigated among Amapá (319), Pará (176) and Maranhão (61). Sex ratio has shown that 43.71% were male and 56.29% female. The higher proportion of females is statistically significant according to χ2 test. The results of ANOVA showed significant differences of morphometrical variables in all areas studied. In order to show which averages presented significant difference, the Tukey’s test was used, and revealed that from the 48 comparative analyses, 100% were shown significant. Each area (AP, PA and MA) presented significant difference for each one of the morphometrical variables. To calculate the overlap degree, the method was used by comparison of averages for morphometrical characters. Out of 112 analyses, 46.43% presented diversification process at the intro-specific level, possibly suggesting the existence of natural barriers and/or geographical isolation. This information may be considered very important for the correct formulation of environmental policies.O pargo, Lutjanus purpureus Poey (Perciformes, Lutjanidae), é capturado em toda a costa Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, constituindo um dos principais recursos pesqueiros da região, sendo reconhecido como fonte de divisa importante para a economia. Este trabalho verifica a ocorrência de diversificação intra-específica do pargo no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Foi amostrado um total de 556 indivíduos entre os Estados do AP (319), PA (176) e MA (61). Na análise das proporções entre sexos, verificou-se que dos indivíduos amostrados, 43,71% eram machos e 56,29% fêmeas. Essa vantagem de fêmeas é estatisticamente significativa de acordo com o teste do χ2. Os resultados da ANOVA mostraram diferenças significativas das variáveis morfométricas em todas as subáreas. Para mostrar quais médias apresentavam contrastes significativos foi usado o teste de Tukey, que revelou que das 48 análises comparativas, 100% mostraram-se significativas. Cada subárea (AP, PA e MA) apresentou diferença significativa para cada uma das variáveis morfométricas testadas. Para estimar o grau de sobreposição, utilizou-se o método por comparação de médias para caracteres morfométricos. Do total de 112 análises, 46,43% apresentaram processo de diversificação intra-específica, sugerindo possíveis barreiras naturais e/ou isolamento geográfico. Informações dessa natureza são imprescindíveis para a correta formulação de uma política ambiental para o setor

&#945;-, &#946;-caroteno e &#945;-tocoferol em algas marinhas in natura &#945;- and &#946;-carotene, and &#945;-tocopherol in fresh seaweeds

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de 32 espécies de algas marinhas das divisões Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta e Phaeophyta como fontes de &#945;- e &#946;-caroteno e &#945;-tocoferol. Todas as clorofíceas analisadas apresentaram &#945;- e &#946;-caroteno. Os teores máximo e mínimo de &#945;-caroteno foram detectados nas espécies do gênero Caulerpa e em Codium decorticatum, respectivamente; e &#946;-caroteno foi mais baixo em Caulerpa mexicana e mais elevado em Ulva fasciata. Dentre as rodofíceas, 11 espécies apresentaram &#945;-caroteno, com máximo em Botryocladia occidentalis. &#946;-caroteno foi encontrado em todas as algas vermelhas analisadas com teores mínimo e máximo em Gracilaria caudata e Bryothamnion triquetrum, respectivamente. As feofíceas apresentaram apenas &#946;-caroteno, com mínimo e máximo em Dictyopteris delicatula e Padina gymnospora, respectivamente. Na divisão Chlorophyta, &#945;-tocoferol, foi máximo em Codium decorticatum e mínimo em Caulerpa prolifera. Na Rhodophyta, 12 espécies apresentaram &#945;-tocoferol com teor máximo em Enantiocladia duperreyi. Na Phaeophyta, &#945;-tocoferol foi encontrado com valores mínimo e máximo em Lobophora variegata e Dictyota dichotoma, respectivamente.<br>The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of 32 marine macro algae species, members of Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Phaeophyta, as sources of a-carotene, b-carotene and a-tocopherol. Both b-carotene and a-carotene were found in all species of green macroalgae analyzed. The maximum content of a-carotene was detected in algae belonging to Caulerpa genus and the minimum in Codium decorticatum. The amount of b-carotene found was minimum in Caulerpa mexicana and maximum in Ulva fasciata. Among the Rhodophyta species, eleven contain a-carotene, the maximum content was found in Botryocladia occidentalis. b-Carotene was found in all red macroalgae analyzed presenting the lowest and highest values in Gracilaria caudata and Bryothamnion triquetrum, respectively. Species of Phaeophyta contained b-carotene but no a-carotene. The lowest value for b-carotene was found in Dictyopteris delicatula and the highest in Padina gymnospora. In Chlorophyta, the amount of a-tocopherol was maximum in Codium decorticatum and minimum in Caulerpa prolifera. In Rhodophyta, twelve species contained a-tocopherol, the highest value was found in Enantiocladia duperreyi. a-Tocopherol was detected in all Phaeophyta species analyzed. The highest and lowest values were found in Lobophora varigata and Dictyota dichotoma, respectively

Vibrio em amostras de água de viveiros de cultivo do camarão marinho litopenaeus vannamei, no Ceará-Brasil

Foram analisadas 24 amostras de água de viveiros de cultivo do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei no Estado do Ceará, Brasil. A pesquisa de diversidade de espécies de Vibrio foi realizada a partir da determinação do Número Mais Provável (NMP), isolamento e identificação fenotípica dos víbrios isolados. Os índices de NMP/100mL variaram de 43 x 104 a 11 x 1013. Dos 55 isolados de Vibrio, foram identificadas 7 espécies, com predominância de V. cholerae não O1/não O139 (21,8%), V. harveyi (20%), V. parahaemolyticus (16,4%) e V. anguillarum (12,8%).The present study analyzed 24 samples of water from ponds of a shrimp farm in Ceará (Brazil) rearing Litopenaeus vannamei. Vibrio diversity was determined from the Most Probable Number (MPN) of ibrios, the number of isolated and phenotyped Vibrio strains. MPN values ranged from 43 x 104 to 11 x 1013 MPN/100mL. The 55 Vibrio strains isolated belonged to 7 species: V. cholerae (21,8%), V. harveyi (20%), V. parahaemolyticus (16,4%) e V. anguillarum (12,8%)