Modulation of Streptomycin Killing Rate against Mature Escherichia Coli Biofilms in the Presence of Medicinal Plant Extracts

Background. Medicinal plant extracts exhibiting pro- and antioxidant properties may affect antibiotic-induced killing of biofilm-producing bacteria in both synergistic and antagonistic modes. Better understanding of these alternations is required to adjust antibiotic therapy and herbal medicine in order to exclude unwanted losses of antibiotic efficiency.Aim: to study modulation modes of streptomycin killing rate against mature biofilms of Escherichia coli in the presence of different doses of commonly used medicinal plant extracts.Materials and methods. Pharmacodynamic parameter killing rate and mass biofilm formation were determined in the presence of streptomycin and medicinal plant extracts.Results. Synergism was found between 100 mg/ml streptomycin and low doses (0.83 mg of dry herb/ml) of green, black tea, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Betula pendula and Laminaria japonica against killing mature biofilms. Alternatively, high doses (6.64 mg of dry herb/ml) of green, black tea and Vaccinium vitis-ideae demonstrated antagonism, decreasing killing rate and enhancing biofilm formation. Presumably, high doses of the extracts were sufficient to enhance biofilm formation blocking penetration of streptomycin through enlarged biofilm matrix and diminishing the killing rate.Conclusions. Widely consumed as soft beverages or for prophylactic purposes green, black tea and V. vitis-ideae could promote strong antagonistic effects with streptomycin. These extracts can stimulate biofilm production, making benefit for commensal microbiota, but have clinical relevance due to a significant reduction in the lethal efficiency of streptomycin in biofilms of pathogenic strains. This highlights the need of careful antibiotic prescription scheme adjustment when choosing appropriate combinations of plant extracts and antibiotics to achieve a synergistic effect

Alma-Ata to Berlin: diabetes prevention and treatment to achieve healthy living

Bharti Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Karnal, Haryana, IndiaAarhus Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Aarhus, DenmarkKazakh Acad Nutr, Alma Ata, KazakhstanAcad Prevent Med, Alma Ata, KazakhstanKazakh Natl Med Univ, Alma Ata, KazakhstanDubai Hosp, Dept Endocrinol, Dubai, U Arab EmiratesPondicherry Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, Pondicherry, IndiaMinist Hlth, Directorate Epidemiol, Mexico City, DF, MexicoItalian Coll Gen Practitioners, Florence, ItalyUniv Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, CanadaSiberian State Med Univ, Tomsk, RussiaInst Diabet Endocrinol & Metab Dis, Endocrinol Res Ctr, Moscow, RussiaUniv Fed São Paulo, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilPrimary Care Diabet Europe, Barcelona, SpainDubai Hlth Author, Dubai, U Arab EmiratesPeking Union Med Coll, Beijing, Peoples R ChinaUniv Fed São Paulo, Dept Med, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

International military cooperation as an impetus for enriching terminological dictionaries: The english-ukrainian context

Denysiuk, Y. International military cooperation as an impetus for enriching terminological dictionaries: The english-ukrainian context / Yuliya Denysiuk, Tetiana Serhiienko, Roman Serhiienko, Yuliia Samoilova // XLinguae. – 2021. – № 14 (2). – Р. 255-275. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.18355/XL.2021.14.02.19У цій роботі представлено результати дослідження, викладено класифікацію військових термінів і абревіатур, увагу зосереджено на навичках і знаннях, важливих для правильного перекладу військових термінів і абревіатур, які, у свою чергу, можуть мати цільових кореспондентів або ні. Також стаття містить найбільше яскраві випадки перекладу військових термінів і скорочень, згрупованих за типами.This paper presents the results of the research, including, in particular, the outlining of the classification of military terms and abbreviations, accentuation on the skills and knowledge which are important for producing a correct translation of the military terms and abbreviations which, in its turn, may have correspondents in a target language or may not have ones. Last but not least, the article provides the most striking instances of translating military terms and abbreviations grouped by their typesВ данной работе представлены результаты исследования, изложена классификация военных терминов и аббревиатур, внимание сосредоточено на навыках и знаниях, важных для правильного перевода военных терминов и аббревиатур, которые, в свою очередь, могут иметь целевых корреспондентов или нет. Также статья содержит наиболее яркие случаи перевода военных терминов и сокращений, сгруппированных по типам

Characteristic of water of the Lena River and health of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

In the article results of sanitary epidemiological characteristics of water of the Lena River, including on indicators of parasitic safety and physiological full value are analysed. It is established that the adverse effect of water of a water source on health of the population is connected with its physiological inferiority which is caused by the low maintenance of a number of biologically active elements. The received value of factor of "utility of water» in 47 times below recommended value

Nonlinear high-temperature superconducting terahertz metamaterials

We report the observation of a nonlinear terahertz response of split-ring resonator arrays made of high-temperature superconducting films. Intensity-dependent transmission measurements indicate that the resonance strength decreases dramatically (i.e. transient bleaching) and the resonance frequency shifts as the intensity is increased. Pump–probe measurements confirm this behaviour and reveal dynamics on the few-picosecond timescale.Los Alamos National Laboratory. Laboratory Directed Research and Development ProgramUnited States. Office of Naval Research (Grant N00014-09-1-1103)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (American Competitiveness in Chemistry Fellowship 1041979

The experience of mesh endoprostheses in the present stage to address the pelvic prolapse

Purpose: То evaluate the efficacy and safety of mesh endoprostheses in women with genital prolapse. Material and methods: examined and operated on 83 patients with genital prolapse using mesh implants. The period of observation was from 6 months to 2 years. The age of patients was 45-76 years. All patients were clinical, laboratory, instrumental examination. According to the testimony were complete urodynamic study, ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging. Examined patients were divided according to the classification POP-Q (ICS 1996) as follows: I group - 33 (39,8%) women with genital prolapse stage IV, II group - 29 (34.9%) patients with genital prolapse stage III and III group was 21 (25.3%) women with genital prolapse stage II. Stress incontinence was diagnosed in 19 (22.9%) patients: in group I in 7 (21,2%) women in group II in 7 (24,1%) patients in group III in 5 (23,8%) patients. In addition to the standard survey we assessed the severity of dysplasia syndrome, connective tissue. Results: Vaginal hysterectomy performed in 65 patients with benign diseases of the uterus. All women were operated on using mesh implants. Intraoperative complications - urinary bladder injury arose in 1 (1.2%) patients, 2 patients (2.4%) women in the early postoperative period revealed a hematoma in the postoperative zone volume of 100 -150 ml. That required its evacuation, and the imposition of secondary seams. Dynamic observation of relapse genital prolapse was not. Thus, the observation showed the high efficiency of mesh prostheses for the treatment of genital prolapse in women, as well as the relatively low intra-and postoperative complications.Цель работы: оценить эффективность и безопасность применения сетчатых эндопротезов у женщин с пролапсом гениталий. Материал и методы исследования: обследованы и прооперированы 83 пациентки с пролапсом гениталий с использованием сетчатых эндопротезов. Период наблюдения составил от б месяцев до 2 лет. Возраст больных составил 45-76 лет. Всем больным проведено клиническое, лабораторное, инструментальное обследование. По показаниям проводились комплексное уродинамическое исследование, ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ), магниторезонансная томография (МРТ). Обследованные больные разделились по классификации POP-Q (ICS1996) следующим образом: I группа - 33 (39,8%) женщины с пролапсом гениталий IV стадии, II группа - 29 (34,9%) пациентки с пролапсом гениталий III стадии и III группу составила 21 (25,3%) женщина с пролапсом гениталий II стадии. Стрессовая инконтиненция выявлена у 19 (22,9%) больных: в I группе у 7 (21,2%) женщин, во II группе у 7 (24,1%) больных и в III группе у 5 (23,8%) пациенток. Помимо стандартного обследования мы оценивали степень выраженности синдрома дисплазии соединительной ткани. Результаты: Влагалищная гистерэктомия проведена 65 пациенткам в связи с доброкачественными заболеваниями матки. Все женщины были прооперированы с использованием сетчатых эндопротезов. Интраоперационные осложнения - ранение мочевого пузыря возникло у 1 (1.2%) пациентки, у 2 (2,4%) женщин в раннем послеоперационном периоде выявлена гематома в области послеоперационной зоны объемом 100 -150 мл, что потребовало ее опорожнение и наложение вторичных швов. При динамическом наблюдении рецидивов пролапса гениталий не было. Таким образом, наблюдение показало высокую эффективность применения сетчатых протезов для лечения пролапса гениталий у женщин, а также относительно низкие интра- и послеоперационные осложнения

Interleukin-6 Induces Gr-1+CD11b+ Myeloid Cells to Suppress CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Liver Injury in Mice

Agonist antibodies against CD137 (4-1BB) on T lymphocytes are used to increase host anti-tumor immunity, but often leading to severe liver injury in treated mice or in patients during clinical trials. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been reported to protect hepatocyte death, but the role of IL-6 in protecting chronic T cell-induced liver diseases is not clearly defined due to lack of relevant animal models. We aimed to define the role of IL-6 in CD8+ T cell-mediated liver injury induced by a CD137 agonistic mAb (clone 2A) in mice.We expressed IL-6 in the liver by hydrodynamic gene delivery in mice treated with 2A or control mAb and studied how IL-6 treatment affected host immunity and T cell-mediated liver injury. We found that ectopic IL-6 expression in the liver elevated intrahepatic leukocyte infiltration but prevented CD8+ T cell-mediated liver injury. In IL-6 treated mice, CD8+ T cells proliferation and IFN-γ expression were inhibited in the liver. We discovered that IL-6 increased accumulation of Gr-1+CD11b+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the liver and spleen. These MDSCs had the ability to inhibit T cells proliferation and activation. Finally, we showed that the MDSCs were sufficient and essential for IL-6-mediated protection of anti-CD137 mAb-induced liver injury.We concluded that IL-6 induced Gr-1+CD11b+ MDSCs in the liver to inhibit T cell-mediated liver injury. The findings have defined a novel mechanism of IL-6 in protecting liver from CD8+ T cell-mediated injury

Spike firing and IPSPs in layer V pyramidal neurons during beta oscillations in rat primary motor cortex (M1) in vitro

Beta frequency oscillations (10-35 Hz) in motor regions of cerebral cortex play an important role in stabilising and suppressing unwanted movements, and become intensified during the pathological akinesia of Parkinson's Disease. We have used a cortical slice preparation of rat brain, combined with concurrent intracellular and field recordings from the primary motor cortex (M1), to explore the cellular basis of the persistent beta frequency (27-30 Hz) oscillations manifest in local field potentials (LFP) in layers II and V of M1 produced by continuous perfusion of kainic acid (100 nM) and carbachol (5 µM). Spontaneous depolarizing GABA-ergic IPSPs in layer V cells, intracellularly dialyzed with KCl and IEM1460 (to block glutamatergic EPSCs), were recorded at -80 mV. IPSPs showed a highly significant (P< 0.01) beta frequency component, which was highly significantly coherent with both the Layer II and V LFP oscillation (which were in antiphase to each other). Both IPSPs and the LFP beta oscillations were abolished by the GABAA antagonist bicuculline. Layer V cells at rest fired spontaneous action potentials at sub-beta frequencies (mean of 7.1+1.2 Hz; n = 27) which were phase-locked to the layer V LFP beta oscillation, preceding the peak of the LFP beta oscillation by some 20 ms. We propose that M1 beta oscillations, in common with other oscillations in other brain regions, can arise from synchronous hyperpolarization of pyramidal cells driven by synaptic inputs from a GABA-ergic interneuronal network (or networks) entrained by recurrent excitation derived from pyramidal cells. This mechanism plays an important role in both the physiology and pathophysiology of control of voluntary movement generation

CXCL1 can be regulated by IL-6 and promotes granulocyte adhesion to brain capillaries during bacterial toxin exposure and encephalomyelitis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Granulocytes generally exert protective roles in the central nervous system (CNS), but recent studies suggest that they can be detrimental in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most common model of multiple sclerosis. While the cytokines and adhesion molecules involved in granulocyte adhesion to the brain vasculature have started to be elucidated, the required chemokines remain undetermined.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>CXCR2 ligand expression was examined in the CNS of mice suffering from EAE or exposed to bacterial toxins by quantitative RT-PCR and <it>in situ </it>hybridization. CXCL1 expression was analyzed in IL-6-treated endothelial cell cultures by quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA. Granulocytes were counted in the brain vasculature after treatment with a neutralizing anti-CXCL1 antibody using stereological techniques.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>CXCL1 was the most highly expressed ligand of the granulocyte receptor CXCR2 in the CNS of mice subjected to EAE or infused with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or pertussis toxin (PTX), the latter being commonly used to induce EAE. IL-6 upregulated CXCL1 expression in brain endothelial cells by acting transcriptionally and mediated the stimulatory effect of PTX on CXCL1 expression. The anti-CXCL1 antibody reduced granulocyte adhesion to brain capillaries in the three conditions under study. Importantly, it attenuated EAE severity when given daily for a week during the effector phase of the disease.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study identifies CXCL1 not only as a key regulator of granulocyte recruitment into the CNS, but also as a new potential target for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis.</p